Viruses and nucleic acids contaminate vaccines

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ISIS Report 13/12/10

Viruses and Virus Nucleic Acid

Contaminate Many Vaccines

Risks of cancer and creation of new pathogens should not be

underplayed by regulators

Prof. Joe

Cummins

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Garbage viruses and DNA in vaccinesVaccines are currently

produced using fertilized chicken eggs, cell culture or a combination of

egg and cell culture. An ‘attenuated’ vaccine is created from a pathogen

by reducing its virulence, but still keeping it viable, in contrast to

those produced by ‘killing’ the virus (inactivated vaccine). Inactivation

is done by selecting non-pathogenic strains of the pathogen after

treatment such as heat or cold culture, or targeted deletion of virulence

genes.

Many live attenuated vaccines are produced using cell culture. A number

of such vaccines have been found to contain not only the live

attenuated viral pathogen but also contaminating viruses or viral nucleic

acid [1]. These contaminants are garbage, and people administering such

vaccines should inform patients of potential risks associated with the

garbage. Recently, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

acknowledged the contamination of the live attenuated rotavirus vaccine

(to prevent traveller’s diarrhoea) and suspended the vaccine, but later

decided that the benefits of the vaccination outweigh potential

contamination risks [2]. The FDA opinion is premature because the

circovirus contaminating the vaccine is active in replication,

transcription and translation of viral genes and able to produce toxic

products. Contaminated vaccines are not isolated cases, they are

widespread.

Lessons from SV40 contaminated vaccinesSimian virus 40

(SV40) is a monkey virus inadvertently administered to human populations

in contaminated vaccines produced in SV40-infected monkey cells.

Molecular biology and epidemiological studies suggest that SV40 may be

contagiously transmitted in humans by horizontal infection, independently

of the earlier administration of SV40-contaminated vaccines. In humans,

SV40 has been found associated at high prevalence with specific tumour

types such as brain and bone tumours, mesotheliomas and lymphomas and

with kidney diseases [3]. SV40 was discovered as a contaminant of

poliovirus vaccine lots distributed to millions of individuals in the

United States between 1955 and 1963; and contaminated vaccine batches

were later circulated worldwide. After SV40 was observed to cause animal

and human cell transformations in culture, and tumour formations in

animals, researchers began to search for SV40 in human cancers [4]. For

example, a 2005 study undertaken in Costa-Rica showed that SV40 is

significantly associated with cancers of the immune system [5]. US FDA

acknowledges that the SV 40 virus (simian virus 40 from monkey kidney

cells) was in the early polio vaccines and its risks [6]: “The experience

in the early 1960s with SV40 contamination of poliovirus and adenovirus

vaccines and the continuing questions regarding whether SV40 could be

responsible for some human neoplasms [cancers] underscores the importance

of keeping viral vaccines free of adventitious agents. “ (See also

Flu Vaccines

and the Risk of Cancer, SiS 44 [7]). SV40 contamination

of polio vaccines is an old lesson that seems to have been

ignored in the current rush to profit from manufacturing

vaccines.

Numerous vaccines for humans are contaminatedThere are

numerous cases of documented contaminated vaccines intended for humans

[1]. Measles vaccine Attenuvax grown in chicken embryo fibroblast cells

was contaminated with Avian leucosis (myeloid leucosis cancer virus) and

avian endogenous retrovirus. Yellow fever vaccine YFvax grown in

chicken embryo fibroblast cells was contaminated with avian

endogenous retrovirus. Herpes 3 vaccine Varivax grown in MRC-5 human

cells from aborted foetuses was contaminated with human endogenous

retrovirus K. Rota virus vaccine Rotarix grown in Vero E6

(African green monkey ) cells was contaminated with with porcine

circovirus 1 and porcine circovirus 2. Rotavirus Rotateq vaccine grown in

Vero (African monkey) cells had Baboon endogenous retrovirus as

contaminant. Measles mumps vaccine MMR II grown in chicken

fibroblast cells had Avian endogenous retrovirus and human endogenous

retrovirus K as contaminants; and Rubella vaccine grown in

WI-38 human diploid lung fibroblast cells was contaminated with Human

endogenous retrovirus K. Rubella vaccine meruvax II grown in WI-38

human lung fibroblast cells contained human endogenous retrovirus-K.

Veterinary vaccines are similarly contaminated. The genomes of all animal

species are colonized by endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Although most

ERVs have accumulated defects that render them incapable of replication,

fully infectious ERVs have been identified in various mammals. A

feline infectious ERV (RD-114w) was isolated from many live

attenuated vaccines for pets. Isolation of RD-114 was done

independently in two laboratories using different detection strategies

and from vaccines for both cats and dogs commercially available in Japan

or the UK. The study shows that the methods currently employed to screen

veterinary vaccines for retroviruses are inadequate and should be

re-evaluated [8]. Tests of veterinary vaccines for viral

contamination in Hungary found that a torquetenovirus (TTV), a very small

circular single stranded DNA virus, was present in many vaccines

including avian vaccines. The presence of any extraneous agent may have a

significant impact on the safety of the vaccine [9].

A rogues’ gallery of vaccine contaminating viruses and

DNAAvian leukosis (myeloid leukosis cancer

virus)

Avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) appears to be a recombinant of an

exogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) with an envelope (env) gene probably

originating from an endogenous (subgroup E) ALV. ALV-J can infect cell

cultures from other avian species, but not mammalian cells. No

genetically resistant meat-type strain of chickens has been found to

date. Commercial Leghorn chickens appear to be resistant to tumour

development, but they may be susceptible to infection. Most tumours

associated with ALV-J infection are expressed as myeloblastomas or

myelocytomas [10]. Even though the bird cancer virus does not appear to

infect mammals, the persistent exposure of young human may select

mutations of the virus that are virulent in people; and virulent

recombinants can always be created with endogenous human

viruses.

Avian endogenous retrovirus

Avian endogenous retrovirus (AER) are a highly diverse group

comprising many inserts into the chicken genome. There are three families

of such endogenous retroviruses, related respectively to avian sarcoma or

leukosis cancer virus, mouse leukemia viruses, and human endogenous

retroviruses. Most of the AER are dormant in the chicken chromosomes, but

several are active and capable of making RNA transcripts [11]. The active

transcripts may replicate by reverse transcription and recombine with

related viruses.

Human endogenous retrovirus K

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are suspects in some

autoimmune diseases, in particular, multiple sclerosis; a member of the

family of human endogenous retrovirus W has been identified as

“MS-associated retrovirus” (MSRV). HERVs comprise nearly 8 percent of the

human genome, with 98 000 elements and fragments [11]; all appear to be

defective, containing nonsense mutations or major deletions, and cannot

produce infectious virus particles. Most are remnants of viruses that

integrated many millions of years ago. However, one family – HERV-K

(comprising less than 1 percent of HERV elements) - have been active

since the divergence of humans and chimpanzees, and is one of the most

studied. There are indications it has even been active in the past few

hundred thousand years, as some human individuals carry more copies of

the virus. The lack of elements with a full coding potential within the

published human genome sequence suggests that the family is less likely

to be active at present [6]. HERV-K contaminants in vaccines should not

be considered innocuous as they may recombine with related viruses or

with viral sequences in the human chromosome.

Baboon endogenous retrovirus

Baboon endogenous retrovirus (BERV) is a inactivated retroviral

sequence. BERVs are also found in the African green monkey [12].

BERV circulating in the bloodstream of humans could conceivably mutate

and recombine to form a virus that could spread rapidly in the human

population because the virus is new to the immune repertoire of the

human.

Feline infectious ERV (RD-114)

An infectious endogenous retrovirus was discovered in live

attenuated vaccine for cats and dogs. EVR RD-114 is related to other

oncogenic virus such as feline leuekemia virus and mouse leukemia virus

83 [12].

Porcine circovirus 1 and porcine circovirus 2

The pig circoviruses are small circular single stranded DNA

viruses. Type 1 virus does not cause illness in pigs while type 3 virus

causes a serious wasting disease of young pigs. The viruses are

frequently found infecting mammalian cell lines. Circovirus type 1

and type 2 infect many human cell types. Type 1 virus proliferates

without causing distinct cell damage while type 2 virus does [13]. Type 2

virus causes cytoskeleton rearrangements in dendritic cells, leading to

immunosuppression [14]. Porcine circovirus is lodged in the cell nucleus

where it is replicated. Replication is by a rolling circle mechanism

where the single stranded viral chromosomes are rolled off a double

stranded replicative master. The virus is so small that it only has room

for a few genes including two genes for initiating DNA replication along

with genes for nuclear localization and viral coat protein and a few

genes for virulence [15]. The host cell nucleus provides the

enzymes for DNA replication [16].

Torquetenovirus (TTV)

Torquetenoviruses (TTVs) are vertebrate infecting,

single-stranded circular DNA viruses. Two genetically distinct TTV groups

(TTV1 and TTV2) infect swine worldwide with high prevalence. Currently,

swine TTVs are considered non-pathogenic, although TTV2 has been linked

to post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, a porcine circovirus

disease TTV replicates similarly to the circovirus but is much smaller

than the circovirus [17]. TTV is often presumed to be non-pathogenic, and

is distributed widely among mammals including humans. TTV infection

is widely dispersed in the human population and the virus has been found

to accumulate in the central nervous system and implicated in dementia

[18]. Children with recurrent pneumonia have been found to lack

ciliary motility associated with high level infection of ciliarycells

with TTV [19].

To concludeHuman and veterinary vaccines have been found

contaminated with wide array of viruses that are deemed harmless or less

risky than the attenuated live virus of the vaccine. These

contaminating garbage viruses are nowhere near as well investigated than

they should have been prior to the commercialization of the vaccines. The

contaminating garbage viruses are deemed harmless because they do not

elicit sera conversion (production of antibody) even though the garbage

viruses frequently produce proteins that are toxic in specific

tissues. The contaminating garbage vaccines are actively cytotoxic

in some cases, and potentially so in other cases by mutation or

recombination to create new retroviruses that are life threatening. Among

the garbage viruses, the small circular single stranded DNA viruses

deserve special attention as they are so widespread in the human and

animal populations. Such widespread dispersal of TTV and circoviruses

could cause disaster. The first step in dealing with the garbage

viruses is to provide informed consent to those being vaccinated with

contaminated vaccines. The second is to carry out post-release monitoring

for potential hazards from mutation and recombination, as highlighted in

this article.

There are 5 comments on this article so far.

Sheri Nakken, R.N., MA, Hahnemannian

Homeopath

Vaccination Information & Choice Network, Washington State, USA

Vaccines -

http://vaccinationdangers.wordpress.com/ Homeopathy

http://homeopathycures.wordpress.com

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