RE: Re: CR markers

[Guest guest]

Great information... allow me ask some specific questions:

1) Cholesterol? While your ratio looks good, are you concerned about that

low level. Of course better than too much but you seem to be noticeably

lower than cohort average.

2) while not very important I wonder of BF distribution is somewhat

responsible for erroneous reading from bioimpedance fat measuring scales on

CR'd individuals... perhaps they need a CR algorithm ?

3) Is there anything in your numbers that concerns you, beside the obvious

(bone mass)?

JR

-----Original Message-----

From: old542000 [mailto:apater@...]

Sent: Sunday, May 09, 2004 8:44 AM

Subject: [ ] Re: CR and Weight Training

Hi All,

Thank you for your well wishes, .

To my recollections, blood immune cells appear to be a reliable

metric of CR. Body temperature is quite closely inversely associated

with CR also. Steroid hormones tend to be lower. Blood lipids

decrease.

Genetic and other factors such as exercise have a large effect on

many of the same parameters, so possibly the change from ad lib

levels are useful.

Overall, see below Luigi Fontana talk notes from Dean P. at the

recent CR meeting in Madison, Wisconsin. My results for applicable

values are within []s.

Cheers, Al Pater.

Apr. 17, 2004.

Luigi Fontana (Wash. U.) – Metabolic and Cardiovascular effects of

Human CR

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------

Exercise increases average lifespan by 10-20% in rodents, but not

maximal. Being lean isn't enough – you need to eat less to gain

maximal lifespan.

Physiological findings in CR monkeys:

• Less trunk fat

• Low fasting glucose and insulin

• Improved insulin sensitivity

• Insulin secretion attenuated

• Reduced triglycerides

• Lower cholesterol

Human groups studied:

• CRonies

• Raw foodists – partially calorie restricted

• Vegans – eat cooked foods

• Standard American Diet (SAD) people – controls

SAD people, all have BMI below 30, but most between 25-30 BMI

(overweight)

All groups had average age around 50.

He combined raw foodist and CRonies in some cases, since they eat

similarly.

BMI of two groups:

• CR and raw foodist people = 20

• Vegans = 22

• Controls = 25

CR people dropped weight from around 24 to just below 20.

Body fat difference:

• CR = 10% [8.2]

• Control = 20%

• CR people quite a bit lower than raw foodist

Trunk body fat:

• CR ~4% [5.3]

• Control 22%

Fat/lean mass ratio and leg lean mass/fat ratio much lower in CR than

controls.

40.5% of people in western culture die because of heart disease,

cerebro-vascular disease, diabetes and hypertension.

Total cholesterol:

• CR around 150, raw 147, and vegan around 150 [103]

• Control: 205

LDL:

• CR = ~82, raw foodists 75, vegans 90 [48]

• Control 126

HDL

• Non-statistically higher in CR, raw foodist and vegans relative

to controls

Total Cholesterol/HDL

• CR 2.5, vs. 4 in controls [2.1]

Triglycerides:

• CR = 40 [35]

• Controls = 120

TG/HDL

• 0.75 CR vs. 2.5 controls [ 0.7]

Systolic BP

• 100 CR vs. 140 controls [83]

Diastolic BP

• 60 CR vs. 85 controls [59]

But baroreceptors adjust, so we don't get dizzy despite low BP.

Heart rate:

• 52 CR vs. 64 controls [54]

C-Reactive Protein – heart disease/inflammation marker:

* 0.5 CR vs. 2.25 controls [?]

OGTT:

• Fasting glucose better in CR than controls

• But many CRonies and raw foodists show reduced glucose

clearance rate

• CRonies are worse at glucose clearance than athletic people on

a " normal " diet

My data was very representative of this anomaly - Large peak in

formal OGTT but low daytime glucose levels during normal living.

CRonies have very low fasting insulin, and are slow to release insulin

Hypothesis: Because our diet never has large glucose challenges, we

may have down-regulated our pancreatic insulin release, or other

glucose clearance helper molecules. So we don't react to glucose

challenge very well.

Glucose exposure wasn't normalized for body weight – could have been

an explanation.

Luigi thinks insulin/glucose is just a marker

Fasting insulin in athletes low (like CR).

Fasting insulin growth factor (IGF)-1 in athletes can be pretty high

(unlike CR).

He's adding another group to study – marathoners who are very thin,

but eat a lot. Should be very interesting to compare with these

people.

He thinks growth factors (e.g. IGF-1) important.

Carotid arteries thickness – less on CR, raw foodists, and vegans

than controls – lower risk of heart disease.

CR people (but not vegans or raw foodists) have significantly lower

artery stiffness than controls.

Blood urea nitrogen is lower in raw food people, but not in CRonies –

indicates high protein intake in CRonies.

Plasma protein lower on CR.

Liver enzymes in blood ALT and AST higher in CRonies – matches CR

rodents and primates

Blood ALP liver enzyme lower in CR

Hematrocrit and hemoglobin – tendency to be lower in CR

White blood cells – all lower in CR, raw foodists and vegans, by a lot

Lymphocytes change in step with degree of CR. More restriction, lower

lymphocytes.

In animals, lymphocytes are lowered by CR, but they are more

efficient.

CRonies more efficient (in immune system) so we don't need as many

WBC's.

He thinks it may explain why autoimmune problems less.

Platelets lower in CR – help stop bleeding. Could explain slow wound

healing in CRonies. Platelets have growth factors (PDGF) in them. May

be bad for longevity in cancer, so low may be good.

Cells cultured in our plasma increase apoptosis a lot – which will

reduce cancer risk. We kill off bad white blood cells well.

When fibroblasts are cultured in our plasma, they proliferate better.

Stem cells proliferate better with our plasma.

Increased BMI => more cancer

IGF-1 positively correlated with cancer.

IGF-1 appears lower, but he's redoing the test.

Testosterone lower in CR

Cortisol is same (repeating – test suspect) – may be higher in CR.

Leptin – very low on CR. Not surprising due to low body fat.

Bone density data – BMD a lot lower for CR, average -2.standard

deviations.

CTX – marker of bone resorption (loss) higher in CRonies

BAP – marker for bone deposition (addition) lower in CRonies

CRonie men may be loosing bone mass.

But despite low bone mass, it may be they have better bone quality -

*maybe*. Walford has very low BMD, but does Yoga that puts a lot

of stress on spine – without fracture.

Energy intake comparisons meaningless, due to propensity of people to

misrepresent calorie intake, especially the standard diet people.

CR people get more protein than raw foodists or vegans.

CR lower in saturated fat intake, cholesterol, and trans fats.

CR has a lot higher fiber than controls.

Phytic acid and oxalic acid (anti-nutrients) lots higher in CR.

Intake of vitamin A (equvilants) and K from diet higher in CR.

B6 and B12 lower in raw foodists.

Sodium and calcium lower in raw foodists. Calcium intake higher in

CRonies.

Luigi believes the important factors for a healthy life:

• Serene mind

• Diet

• Exercise

-

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