Fish + CR for blood pressure, etc.

[Guest guest]

Hi All,

Fish added to CR diets may lead to improved blood pressure control,

I believe, as supported by the below paper.

There seemed to be more in the text than can be gleamed from the

abstract, so the relevant to me results sections as well as the

summary of the discussion are included.

See, for example:

" the fish-weight loss group showed

the greatest fall in fasting insulin ( 4.28 pmol/l, 33%,

P = 0.030). The fall in fasting insulin in the weight-loss

groups was significantly different (P < 0.05) from the

small rise seen with fish alone. "

Is fish eating even more beneficial in CR?

More data is also in their reference 6 = http://tinyurl.com/58bee =

pdf

available.

In the WUSTL study, the CRers had fasting insulin levels 86 % lower

than

the controls.

That they were overweight high blood pressure patients does detract

from what we presently are in terms of our CR, but there

could be a continuum of changes.

See the pdf-available below.

J Hypertens. 2004 Oct;22(10):1983-1990.

Effect of fish diets and weight loss on serum leptin concentration in

overweight, treated-hypertensive subjects.

Mori TA, Burke V, Puddey IB, Shaw JE, Beilin LJ.

BACKGROUND: Leptin, a circulating hormone secreted from adipocytes,

is an index

of adiposity and is reduced by caloric restriction and weight loss.

... in 69 overweight, treated hypertensive men and women.

METHODS: Participants were randomized to a daily fish meal, a

weight-reduction regimen, the two regimens combined or a

control group for 16 weeks.

RESULTS: A total of 63 individuals completed the

study. Weight fell 5.6 +/- 0.8 kg with energy-restriction. Blood

pressure (BP)

reductions in the combined fish-weight loss group were twice that

seen with

either intervention alone. At baseline, in all groups combined, serum

leptin

levels correlated with serum insulin (r = 0.307, P = 0.014), but not

with body

weight. The greatest change in serum leptin occurred in the fish-

weight loss

group (control, 0.60 +/- 0.76 ng/ml; fish, 1.20 +/- 0.79 ng/ml;

weight loss,

-1.40 +/- 1.05 ng/ml; fish-weight loss, -5.08 +/- 1.64 ng/ml). In the

fish-weight loss group, the change in serum leptin was predicted by

changes in

serum insulin (r = 0.488, P = 0.038), 24-h BP (systolic BP (SBP): r =

0.435, P =

0.060; diastolic BP (DBP): r = 0.563, P = 0.018) and 24-h heart rate

(0.584, P =

0.028). Using general linear models, there was a significant fish x

weight-loss

interaction (P = 0.008) on post-intervention serum leptin after

adjustment for

baseline levels, independent of post-intervention insulin.

CONCLUSION: A daily

fish meal as part of a weight-reducing regimen was more effective

than either

measure alone at reducing leptin levels. Reductions in leptin may be

related to

the substantial fall in BP seen with the fish-weight loss program.

PMID: 15361771 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

... non-smoking men and postmenopausal women, aged 40 to

70 years, on antihypertensive medication for at least

3 months and not taking lipid-lowering or anti-inflam-matory

drugs ... All subjects consumed not more than one fish meal

... fish providing ... daily intake of 3.65 g of omega-3 fatty

acids

....Changes in weight

There was no significant between-group difference in

body weight at baseline (Table 2). The energy-restricted

diets resulted in a mean weight loss of

5.6 +/- 0.8 kg (P = 0.0001) during the first 12 weeks of

the intervention, with no further weight loss during the

final 4 weeks of weight stabilization. There was no

significant change in weight (0.2 +/- 0.3 kg) in the groups

who continued their usual energy intake.

...Energy and macronutrient intake

There were no significant differences in total energy

and nutrient intake between the groups at baseline

(data not shown) [5,6 = http://tinyurl.com/58bee].

Weight loss was associated with

reduced total energy intake (P = 0.001), percentage

total fat (P = 0.001), saturated fat (P = 0.001) and

monounsaturated fat (P = 0.007), as well as dietary

sodium (P = 0.001) and potassium (P = 0.022) intake,

and with increased protein (P = 0.028) and carbo-hydrate

(P = 0.043) intake as a percentage of energy

(data not shown) [5,6]. The fish diet was associated

with a higher intake of protein (P = 0.005) and poly-unsaturated

fat (P = 0.001) as a percentage of energy

intake (data not shown) [5,6]. Alcohol drinking and

physical activity were unchanged in all groups. There

was no significant difference in energy intake between

the weight loss and fish-weight loss groups at the end

of the intervention.

Plasma phospholipid fatty acids

... Fish intake increased the percentage of omega-3 fatty

acids (fish, 5.81 0.99%, P = 0.0001; fish-weight loss,

5.02 0.88%, P = 0.0001) and decreased omega-6 fatty acids

(fish, 2.69 0.55%, P = 0.0001; fish-weight loss,

2.11 0.64%, P = 0.0001).

Serum lipids, lipoproteins and glucose and insulin

The effects of the interventions on fasting serum lipids

and lipoproteins, and glucose and insulin levels, have

been published [http://tinyurl.com/58bee = pdf

available]. ... weight-loss groups

showed a reduction in fasting insulin ( 4.05 pmol/l,

29%, P = 0.003). Although dietary fish had no signifi-cant

independent effects on the changes in blood

glucose and insulin, the fish-weight loss group showed

the greatest fall in fasting insulin ( 4.28 pmol/l, 33%,

P = 0.030). The fall in fasting insulin in the weight-loss

groups was significantly different (P < 0.05) from the

small rise seen with fish alone. There were no signifi-cant

interactions between fish diets and weight loss on

glucose or insulin parameters.

...In summary, this study has shown that the incorpora-tion

of fish into an energy-restricted, fat-reduced diet

significantly reduced serum leptin. These findings have

relevance given the fact that higher leptin concentra-tions

were prospectively implicated as an independent

risk factor for stroke, coronary artery disease and

myocardial infarction [11–13]. The reduction in serum

leptin, which may be causally related to our previous

findings of additive effects on BP reduction [5], as well

as significant benefits in improving HR, serum lipids,

and glucose and insulin metabolism [6]

...

Cheers, Alan Pater