Re: VCO, RBC hemolysis and oxidative stress

March 28, 2011

*

Astaxanthin

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/11/23/astaxanthin-the-ey\

e-antioxidant-550-times-more-powerful-than-vitamin-e.aspx

*

" … if you find yourself needing an x-ray or a *CT

scan*<http://emf.mercola.com/sites/emf/archive/2010/09/25/high-ct-scan-radiation\

-is-deadly.aspx>,

you can gain some measure of protection from this radiation exposure by

taking 2-4 mg astaxanthin for several weeks prior to the scan.

If you are planning to fly on an airplane, you are also exposed to massive

amounts of ionizing radiation, *especially if you fly during the

day*<http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/01/02/How-Going-Thr\

ough-Clouds-When-Flying-Increases-Your-Exposure-to-Radiation.aspx>.

In this case, it would be wise to take a similar a dose of astaxanthin for

the few weeks preceding your trip. "

Astaxanthin in Oxidative Stress and Prevention of Lipid Peroxidation.

Astaxanthin has been claimed to be ten times more effective than beta

carotene and 100 times more effective than vitamin E in preventing lipid

peroxidation. Astaxanthin protects the cellular and mitochondrial membranes

and the ocular tissues against the photo-oxidative damage to DNA, involved

in AMD pathogenesis. Carotenoids can help protect the retina from oxidative

damage. The free radical scavenging activity of astaxanthin protects lipids

from peroxidation and reduces oxidative damage of LDL-cholesterol (thereby

reducing arterial plaque formation), cells, cell membranes, mitochondrial

membranes. Astaxanthin increases strength and endurance. Astaxanthin is one

of those important carotenoids and might be beneficial for nerve damage

associated with age-related macular degeneration. Astaxanthin may easily

cross the blood brain barrier and could have antioxidant effects in the

brain. Astaxanthin might exert beneficial effects in protection against

hypertension and stroke, and could improve memory in vascular dementia.

Astaxanthin has a peculiar chemical structure. Astaxanthin enhances the

cellular membranes stability as it locates crosswise inside them.

As shown in the pictures , I have started collecting these nutriceuticals

one by one and these are kept in my emergency cabinet.

With regards

Lew

On Sun, Mar 27, 2011 at 11:43 PM, Duncan Crow <duncancrow@...> wrote:

>

> Hemolysis, whether from lauric acid or any other source, releases large

> amounts of iron, a potent promoter of oxidative stress through a reaction

> that yields hydroxyl radicals, the most damaging type of free radicals. This

> is the type that causes the radiation sickness and accelerated aging in

> people who have undergone radiation therapy.

>

> If a person is taking coconut oil, extra antioxidants may be needed to

> quench the hydroxyl ions. Glutathione is the main antioxidant of hydroxyl

> ions; the precursor is in undenatured whey, which also contains ferritin,

> the purpose of which besides delivering glutathione precursors is to bind

> free iron in the body against this eventuality.

>

> This study, " Hydroxyl radical is produced via the Fenton reaction in

> submitochondrial particles under oxidative stress: implications for diseases

> associated with iron accumulation " , points out, " The results indicate that

> increased HO(*) levels occur in mitochondria under oxidative stress and that

> the HO(*) levels can be modulated with antioxidant enzymes and iron ligands.

> "

>

> ><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19490751>

>

> Oxidative stress is a severe lifespan shortener through accelerated aging,

> and iron has been linked to many oxidative stress disorders. Performing the

> search, iron " oxidative stress " hydroxyl, in PubMed will retrieve 519

> records.

>

> In " Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. "

>

> ><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21414382>

>

> " Disruption of metal ion homeostasis may lead to oxidative stress, a state

> where increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms body

> antioxidant protection and subsequently induces DNA damage, lipid

> peroxidation, protein modification and other effects, all symptomatic for

> numerous diseases, involving cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes,

> atherosclerosis, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's

> disease), chronic inflammation and others. The underlying mechanism of

> action for all these metals involves formation of the superoxide radical,

> hydroxyl radical (mainly via Fenton reaction) and other ROS, finally

> producing mutagenic and carcinogenic malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal

> (HNE) and other exocyclic DNA adducts. On the other hand, the redox inactive

> metals, such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) show their toxic

> effects via bonding to sulphydryl groups of proteins and depletion of

> glutathione. "

>

> So, given that lauric acid lyses red blood cells as shown in the previous

> research, one should also be taking glutathione precursors to quench the

> oxidative stress, and the ligand (ferritin) to bind up any free iron. High

> glutathione is an anti-aging tool anyway.

>

> all good,

>

> Duncan

>

> >

> > The following study shows lauric acid breaks down (lyses) red blood cell

> walls in normal blood salt (normotonic) conditions for blood of humans and

> two other animals. Hemolysis may be the reason some people have symptoms

> from coconut oil that are often attributed to the Herxheimer/Jarish effect

> (AKA healing response); coocnut oil could be breaking down some of your red

> blood cells.

> >

> > <

>

http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=h009675m113g2463 & size=larges\

t

> >

>

March 28, 2011

Antioxidants of varying types are generally useful to prevent free radical

damage. That said, RBC hemolysis or ionising radiation produces particularly

damaging hydroxyl radicals, which are not directly quenched by Astaxanthin.

In free radical damage control, specific antioxidants are best at quenching

specific free radicals. While Astaxanthin is a pigment that is not a component

of most cells, the hydroxyl ion is quenched primarily by a glutathione presence

at the DNA and at the mitochondrial DNA in every cell.

Mercola's writer missed the opportunity to mention Mercola's undenatured

high-alpha whey in this context.

There is some indication that melatonin quenches the hydroxyl ion too.

all good,

Duncan

>

> *

>

> Astaxanthin

>

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/11/23/astaxanthin-the-ey\

e-antioxidant-550-times-more-powerful-than-vitamin-e.aspx

> *

>

> " … if you find yourself needing an x-ray or a *CT

>

scan*<http://emf.mercola.com/sites/emf/archive/2010/09/25/high-ct-scan-radiation\

-is-deadly.aspx>,

> you can gain some measure of protection from this radiation exposure by

> taking 2-4 mg astaxanthin for several weeks prior to the scan.

March 29, 2011

You wrote:

< Mercola's writer missed the opportunity to mention Mercola's undenatured

high-alpha whey in this context. >

Please fill in the gap then for my grey cells, Duncan, the

biochemical pathway of endogenous synthesis of anti-oxidants from

undenatured high alpha whey - the proverbial glutathions.

As you can see from the pictures, not only I prescribe them for my

patients in the out-patient clinic , I take them myself.

With regards

Lew

On Tue, Mar 29, 2011 at 12:23 AM, Duncan Crow <duncancrow@...> wrote:

>

> Antioxidants of varying types are generally useful to prevent free radical

> damage. That said, RBC hemolysis or ionising radiation produces particularly

> damaging hydroxyl radicals, which are not directly quenched by Astaxanthin.

>

> In free radical damage control, specific antioxidants are best at quenching

> specific free radicals. While Astaxanthin is a pigment that is not a

> component of most cells, the hydroxyl ion is quenched primarily by a

> glutathione presence at the DNA and at the mitochondrial DNA in every cell.

>

> Mercola's writer missed the opportunity to mention Mercola's undenatured

> high-alpha whey in this context.

>

> There is some indication that melatonin quenches the hydroxyl ion too.

>

> all good,

>

> Duncan

>

> >

> > *

>

> >

> > Astaxanthin

> >

>

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/11/23/astaxanthin-the-ey\

e-antioxidant-550-times-more-powerful-than-vitamin-e.aspx

> > *

> >

> > " … if you find yourself needing an x-ray or a *CT

> > scan*<

>

http://emf.mercola.com/sites/emf/archive/2010/09/25/high-ct-scan-radiation-is-de\

adly.aspx

> >,

>

> > you can gain some measure of protection from this radiation exposure by

> > taking 2-4 mg astaxanthin for several weeks prior to the scan.

>

March 29, 2011

Lew; there are several to many bioavailable bonded cysteines (not free-form

cysteine) in undenatured whey, joined by weak sufur=sulfur bonds. These are the

undenatured proteins that are assimilated into the bloodstream and cells, then

broken to provide whatever how many cysteines to be used in glutathione

production.

Bonded cysteine is the rate-limiting factor for glutathione production. You can

determine how much bonded cysteine is in an undenatured whey from its

components: serum albumin; alpha-lactalbumin; beta-lactoglobulin; lactoferrin.

There are 17 cystine residues and six Glu-Cys dipeptides (Eigel et al, 1984) per

66,000 MW molecule of serum albumin; 17 cystine residues and four Glu-Cys

dipeptides per 77,000 MW molecule (Goodman and Schanbacher, 1991) in

Lactoferrin; four cystine residues per 14,000 MW molecule (Eigel et al, 1984) in

Alpha-Lactalbumin. Beta-lactoglobulin contains two cystine residues per 18,400

MW molecule (Eigel et al, 1984), and IgG1, the predominant immunoglobulin in

cows milk serum, only four disulfide bridges (cysteine) per 166,000MW molecule

(Baruchel et al, 1996). Each cystine residue is TWO cysteines in bonded,

bioavailable form.

Glutathione and free cysteine oral hardly absorb at all and cysteine is handled

as a toxin and fails to elevate glutathone.

all good,

Duncan

>

> < Mercola's writer missed the opportunity to mention Mercola's undenatured

> high-alpha whey in this context. >

>

> Please fill in the gap then for my grey cells, Duncan, the

> biochemical pathway of endogenous synthesis of anti-oxidants from

> undenatured high alpha whey - the proverbial glutathions.

>

> As you can see from the pictures, not only I prescribe them for my

> patients in the out-patient clinic , I take them myself.

>

> With regards

> Lew

>

March 30, 2011

In retropect , you have asserted :

< In free radical damage control, specific antioxidants are best at

quenching specific free radicals. While Astaxanthin is a pigment that is not

a component of most cells, the hydroxyl ion is quenched primarily by a

glutathione presence at the DNA and at the mitochondrial DNA in every cell.

>

You rambled about the formative precursors of glutathione without

mentioning the sites of its endogeous production of the specific

anti-oxidants. Where is glutathione synthesised, Duncan;

in the Liver, Lungs or Brain etc ? Maybe, you can throw us some light on

glutathione specificity .

Thank you.

With regards

Lew

On Wed, Mar 30, 2011 at 1:49 PM, Duncan Crow <duncancrow@...> wrote:

>

> Lew; there are several to many bioavailable bonded cysteines (not free-form

> cysteine) in undenatured whey, joined by weak sufur=sulfur bonds. These are

> the undenatured proteins that are assimilated into the bloodstream and

> cells, then broken to provide whatever how many cysteines to be used in

> glutathione production.

>

> Bonded cysteine is the rate-limiting factor for glutathione production. You

> can determine how much bonded cysteine is in an undenatured whey from its

> components: serum albumin; alpha-lactalbumin; beta-lactoglobulin;

> lactoferrin. There are 17 cystine residues and six Glu-Cys dipeptides (Eigel

> et al, 1984) per 66,000 MW molecule of serum albumin; 17 cystine residues

> and four Glu-Cys dipeptides per 77,000 MW molecule (Goodman and Schanbacher,

> 1991) in Lactoferrin; four cystine residues per 14,000 MW molecule (Eigel et

> al, 1984) in Alpha-Lactalbumin. Beta-lactoglobulin contains two cystine

> residues per 18,400 MW molecule (Eigel et al, 1984), and IgG1, the

> predominant immunoglobulin in cows milk serum, only four disulfide bridges

> (cysteine) per 166,000MW molecule (Baruchel et al, 1996). Each cystine

> residue is TWO cysteines in bonded, bioavailable form.

>

> Glutathione and free cysteine oral hardly absorb at all and cysteine is

> handled as a toxin and fails to elevate glutathone.

>

> all good,

>

> Duncan

>

> >

> > < Mercola's writer missed the opportunity to mention Mercola's

> undenatured

> > high-alpha whey in this context. >

> >

> > Please fill in the gap then for my grey cells, Duncan, the

> > biochemical pathway of endogenous synthesis of anti-oxidants from

> > undenatured high alpha whey - the proverbial glutathions.

> >

> > As you can see from the pictures, not only I prescribe them for my

> > patients in the out-patient clinic , I take them myself.

> >

> > With regards

> > Lew

> >

>

March 30, 2011

Lew, when you mentioned prescribing at an outpatient clinic, I assumed that

you'd know that every single cell of every animal makes glutathione, even bone

cells. Only a few cell types can take on exogenous glutathione.

You'll find the glutathione references to be an excellent medical resource, with

tens of thousands of pages of data from early studies up to the latest research

due to the live PubMed queries. ><http://tinyurl.com/glutathione-references>

In summary, glutathione is the " least specific " of the antioxidants because it

is both water and oil soluble. Part of its function, to recycle other spent

antioxidants that are more specific, highlights the generality of this master

antioxidant.

With regard to your comment on eye antioxidants, you'll find glutathione to be

chief among them, an antioxidant that does not accumulate pigment like the

betacarotenes do but maintains complete transparency of the lens. Here's a more

recent review;

Glutathione-related enzymes and the eye:

><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16421014>

all good,

Duncan

>

> In retropect , you have asserted :

>

> < In free radical damage control, specific antioxidants are best at

> quenching specific free radicals. While Astaxanthin is a pigment that is not

> a component of most cells, the hydroxyl ion is quenched primarily by a

> glutathione presence at the DNA and at the mitochondrial DNA in every cell.

> >

>

> You rambled about the formative precursors of glutathione without

> mentioning the sites of its endogeous production of the specific

> anti-oxidants. Where is glutathione synthesised, Duncan;

> in the Liver, Lungs or Brain etc ? Maybe, you can throw us some light on

> glutathione specificity .

>

> Thank you.

>

> With regards

> Lew

March 31, 2011

You wrote:

..< *glutathione is the " least specific " of the antioxidants because it is

both water and oil soluble. Part of its function, to recycle other spent

antioxidants that are more specific, highlights the generality of this

master antioxidant*. >

It is not just the very popular enzyme glutathione but an

array of enzymes and detoxification systems that work together to save our

cells of oxidative stress when attacked by radiation, heavy metals and toxic

chemicals. There is an antioxidant system that acts at the cellular level

to protect sensitive cellular targets right down to the nuclear DNA level

Dr. Shade writes*, â€œWhile glutathione (GSH) is now the darling of the

antioxidant world, few people are realizing that it is the â€œglutathione

systemâ€ that is important and that it includes many enzymes (e.g.

glutathione peroxidase or GPx, glutathione reductase or GR, glutathione

S-transferase or GST, etc.) and a toxin transport system (i.e. the Phase III

transporters MRP1 and MRP2 that move glutathione-toxin conjugates out of the

body) to really work. And then beyond that there are enzymes that link the

glutathione system with vitamin C, vitamin E, lipoic acid, CoQ10, and

thioredoxin, creating an interconnected network of antioxidant,

detoxification, and repair activity.â€*

* *

* *With this in view, Duncan, I sincerely hope you have to do

better when you broach on the subject of erythrocytic haemolysis and

lauric acid in VCO. I thank you for the informative lead. We have been

using coconut oil irrespective of the rich and poor for generations in

South-East Asia and we will continue to use it

for cooking and for health. I even prescribe it to my patients.

* Astaxanthin is MORE than a pigment*

Employment of reactive oxygen species to enhance astaxanthin formation

in *Chlorella

zofingiensis* in heterotrophic culture

References and further reading may be available for this article. To view

references and further reading you must

purchase<http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL & _udi=B6THB-4G94HRC-\

3 & _user=10 & _coverDate=11%2F30%2F2005 & _rdoc=1 & _fmt=full & _orig=gateway & _origin=gat\

eway & _cdi=5278 & _sort=d & _docanchor= & view=c & _searchStrId=1700429018 & _rerunOrigin=g\

oogle & _acct=C000050221 & _version=1 & _urlVersion=0 & _userid=10 & md5=1cefc0d1237ff58b0\

cce4569aab7100f & searchtype=a>this

article.

*Po-Fung

Ipa<http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL & _udi=B6THB-4G94HRC-3 & _us\

er=10 & _coverDate=11%2F30%2F2005 & _rdoc=1 & _fmt=high & _orig=gateway & _origin=gateway & \

_sort=d & _docanchor= & view=c & _searchStrId=1700429018 & _rerunOrigin=google & _acct=C00\

0050221 & _version=1 & _urlVersion=0 & _userid=10 & md5=d8beb322b94072ea651a4479fb3dae35\

& searchtype=a#aff1>and

Feng Chen

a<http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL & _udi=B6THB-4G94HRC-3 & _user\

=10 & _coverDate=11%2F30%2F2005 & _rdoc=1 & _fmt=high & _orig=gateway & _origin=gateway & _s\

ort=d & _docanchor= & view=c & _searchStrId=1700429018 & _rerunOrigin=google & _acct=C0000\

50221 & _version=1 & _urlVersion=0 & _userid=10 & md5=d8beb322b94072ea651a4479fb3dae35 & s\

earchtype=a#aff1>,

b<http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL & _udi=B6THB-4G94HRC-3 & _user\

=10 & _coverDate=11%2F30%2F2005 & _rdoc=1 & _fmt=high & _orig=gateway & _origin=gateway & _s\

ort=d & _docanchor= & view=c & _searchStrId=1700429018 & _rerunOrigin=google & _acct=C0000\

50221 & _version=1 & _urlVersion=0 & _userid=10 & md5=d8beb322b94072ea651a4479fb3dae35 & s\

earchtype=a#aff2>,

[image: Corresponding Author Contact

Information]<http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL & _udi=B6THB-4G94\

HRC-3 & _user=10 & _coverDate=11%2F30%2F2005 & _rdoc=1 & _fmt=high & _orig=gateway & _origin\

=gateway & _sort=d & _docanchor= & view=c & _searchStrId=1700429018 & _rerunOrigin=google & \

_acct=C000050221 & _version=1 & _urlVersion=0 & _userid=10 & md5=d8beb322b94072ea651a447\

9fb3dae35 & searchtype=a#cor1>,

[image: E-mail The Corresponding Author] <sfchen@...>*

aDepartment of Botany, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong

Kong, PR China

bSouth China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Guangzhou, PR China

Received 20 October 2004;

accepted 27 February 2005.

Available online 31 May 2005.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL & _udi=B6THB-4G94HRC-3 & _user=1\

0 & _coverDate=11%2F30%2F2005 & _rdoc=1 & _fmt=high & _orig=gateway & _origin=gateway & _sor\

t=d & _docanchor= & view=c & _searchStrId=1700429018 & _rerunOrigin=google & _acct=C000050\

221 & _version=1 & _urlVersion=0 & _userid=10 & md5=d8beb322b94072ea651a4479fb3dae35 & sea\

rchtype=a

Abstract

The advantages of using heterotrophic cultivation for commercial production

of the high-value ketocarotenoid astaxanthin by microalgae have been

emphasized in recent years [Chen F. High cell density culture of microalgae

in heterotrophic growth. Trends Biotechnol 1996;14:421â€“5; Chen F, Chen H,

Gong X. Mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth of *Haematococcus

lacustris*and rheological behaviour of the cell suspensions. Bioresour

Technol

1997;62:19â€“24; Ip PF, Chen F. Production of astaxanthin by the green

microalga *Chlorella zofingiensis* in the dark. Process Biochem

2005;40:733â€“8]. In a heterotrophic culture where light is not provided, the

employment of oxidative stress is essential for promoting the formation of

secondary carotenoids including astaxanthin. In the present study, oxidative

treatment imposed by chemically generated reactive oxygen species (ROS)

including the hydroxyl radicals ([image: radical dot]OH) and singlet oxygen

(1O2) for inducing carotenogenesis and astaxanthin production by *C.

zofingiensis* in heterotrophic culture was investigated. [image: radical

dot]OH stimulated secondary carotenoids accumulation significantly, whereas

1O2 did not. The addition of 0.1 mM hydrogen peroxide to the culture leading

to the generation of [image: radical dot]OH enhanced the yield of

astaxanthin from 9.9 mg lâˆ’1 to 12.58 mg lâˆ’1. These results indicate that the

application of a suitable type and dosage of ROS is potentially useful for

mass production of astaxanthin by *C. zofingiensis* in heterotrophic

culture.

*Keywords: **Chlorella zofingiensis*; Heterotrophic culture; Secondary

carotenoids; Astaxanthin; Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species

< on eye antioxidants, you'll find glutathione to be chief among them,

an antioxidant that does not accumulate pigment like the betacarotenes do

but maintains complete transparency of the lens. >

* Fortunately, many of us do not agree to this*

Phytochemicals are broadly defined as food components that elicit

profound effects on health maintenance and disease prevention. In the human

body, oxidants produced during normal metabolism and immune defense against

infectious and chemical agents are responsible for damage to DNA, proteins,

and cellular tissues. This harmful oxidative damage is considered the major

cause of aging and degenerative diseases such as cancer,cardiovascular

disease, immune-system decline, and cataract (Kopsell and Kopsell,

2009).Compounds such as ascorbate, ï¡-tocopherol, and carotenoids are

examples of antioxidants that have the ability to quench reactive oxygen

species. In fact, carotenoids are some of the most potent biological

quenchers of reactive oxygen species.

* Carotenoids in Plant Metabolism*

* *

Carotenoids are lipid soluble yellow, orange, and red pigments that are

uniquely

synthesized in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. In photosynthesis,

carotenoids function to help harvest light and dissipate excess energy

before damage occurs. In their main role, carotenoidpigments protect

photosynthetic structures by quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) to

inhibit oxidative damage.

* Carotenoids and Human Health*

* *

Carotenoids are lipid soluble which possess reported health benefits of

reducing cancers (lycopene), cardiovascular (lycopene), and aging eye

diseases [lutein (L) and zeaxanthin(Zea)]when regularly consumed in the

diet. One of the most important physiological functions of carotenoids in

human nutrition is as vitamin A precursors [Î²-carotene (BC)]. Humans cannot

synthesize carotenoids; therefore, fruits and vegetables are primary sources

of carotenoids in human diets world-wide.

CAROTENOIDS

http://areds-2.com/carotenoids.html

Lutein and zeaxanthin, which are naturally present in the macula of the

human retina, filter out potentially phototoxic blue light and

near-ultraviolet radiation from the macula. The protective effect is due in

part, to the reactive oxygen species quenching ability of these carotenoids.

Further, lutein and zeaxanthin are more stable to decomposition by

pro-oxidants than are other carotenoids such as beta-carotene and lycopene.

Zeaxanthin is the predominant pigment in the fovea, the region at the center

of the macula. The quantity of zeaxanthin gradually decreases and the

quantity of lutein increases in the region surrounding the fovea, and lutein

is the predominant pigment at the outermost periphery of the macula.

Zeaxanthin, which is fully conjugated (lutein is not), may offer somewhat

better protection than lutein against phototoxic damage caused by blue and

near-ultraviolet light radiation.

* Support of Eye Health*

* *

In humans and other animals, carotenoids are essential for proper

health of the eye, a number of studies have demonstrated that dietary

carotenoids help to protect the retina against oxidative damage (Snodderly,

1995). The macula is a small central part of the retina encompassing an area

of about 2 millimeters in diameter directly behind the lens of the eye.

Interestingly, this specialized macular region only occurs in higher

primates such as monkeys and man. It consists primarily of cones, which are

responsible for color discrimination, and is the region that produces the

sharp vision needed to read and see fine details clearly. The photoreceptor

cells contain the highest concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids

(PUFAâ€™s) of any tissue in the human body and a particularly high level of

oxygen that renders it very susceptible to lipid peroxidation. It is

generally agreed that high-energy blue light (400-500 nm) creates excited

oxygen species through photooxidation, principally singlet oxygen in the

eye, leading to peroxides and other unstable molecules. The cumulative

oxidative damage then leads to the degenerative changes seen in the ageing

macula (Gerster, 1991). Carotenoids within the macula are perfectly suited

to absorb this high-energy blue light and act as an antioxidant to thereby

quench these damaging oxygen species. Clinical studies have indicated that

light injury is a major cause of a disease called â€œage-related macular

degenerationâ€ (AMD) because of this cumulative light insult. AMD results in

a gradual loss of photoreceptor cells and is the leading cause of

irreversible blindness among older Americans that have decreased levels of

carotenoids in their eyes. It has been shown that a higher dietary intake of

carotenoids is associated with a 43% lower risk of AMD. Specifically, lutein

and zeaxanthin, which are primarily obtained from dark and leafy vegetables,

were most strongly associated with the reduced risk of AMD (Seddon et al.,

1994).

*Unlike beta-carotene, astaxanthin is able to readily cross the blood-brain

barrier and protect the retina against photo oxidation and loss of

photoreceptor cells. Astaxanthin has not been shown to crystallize in the

retina, though this has been reported to cause asymptomatic indications with

canthaxanthin in the past. Furthermore, astaxanthin has the ability to

protect the neurons of the retina as well as those of the brain and spinal

cord, from damage caused by free radicals* (US Patent 5,527,533).

* *

In animal tests, seven albino rats were first fed a normal diet and

placed on a twelve hour cycle of light and darkness for 14 days. Four rats

were then administered intraperitoneal injections of astaxanthin

corresponding to 37.5 mg astaxanthin/kg of body weight at 12 hour intervals.

All seven rats were then exposed to 180-200 ft-candle (1800-2000 lux)

green-filtered fluorescent light at 490-580 nm for 24 hours. The rats were

then kept in the dark for a two-day recovery period and euthanized for

analysis of the retinas. By measuring the thickness of the outer nuclear

layer (ONL) of the retina, aquantitative determination of the photoreceptor

cell degeneration could be made. It was found that control rats without

treatment or photic injury had an ONL measurement of 45 microns, whereas the

group receiving photic injury without astaxanthin supplementation had an ONL

measure of 32 microns.The ONL measurement of rats receiving astaxanthin and

photic injury had an ONL measurement of 42microns, which showed that

administration of the carotenoid provides a significant protection to

receptor

cells from photic injury. The astaxanthin protected the photoreceptors in

each of the four quadrants andin the whole eye as well.A similar follow-up

study was conducted with oral dosing of astaxanthin to measure the effects

of photic injury on rhodopsin levels in the eye. It was found that rhodopsin

levels in the retinas of controlrats fell for six days following photic

injury and then began to recover. After 6 hours of photic injury,

therhodopsin level of control rats was 0.75 nmol, and continued to decrease

to 0.5 nmol after 6 days. The level improved to 0.8-0.85 nmol after 13 days

from the initial photic insult. In contrast, the astaxanthinfed rats had a

rhodopsin level of about 1.15-1.2 nmol at the 6-hour post injury stage.

Additionally, the rhodopsin did not decrease over the subsequent 6 days, but

increased to a level of about 1.25 nmol and remained essentially constant

through day 13 after photic injury. The authors state that the astaxanthin

not only protects the receptor cells from photic injury but also ameliorates

the effects of the damage since the rhodopsin levels never decrease, but

rather increase over the recovery period (US Patent 5,527,533).

* Astaxanthin, Natureâ€™s Super Carotenoid*

http://www.cyanotech.com/pdfs/bioastin/axbul62.PDF

With regards

Lew

On Thu, Mar 31, 2011 at 12:10 AM, Duncan Crow <duncancrow@...> wrote:

>

> Lew, when you mentioned prescribing at an outpatient clinic, I assumed that

> you'd know that every single cell of every animal makes glutathione, even

> bone cells. Only a few cell types can take on exogenous glutathione.

>

> You'll find the glutathione references to be an excellent medical resource,

> with tens of thousands of pages of data from early studies up to the latest

> research due to the live PubMed queries. ><

> http://tinyurl.com/glutathione-references>

>

> In summary, glutathione is the " least specific " of the antioxidants because

> it is both water and oil soluble. Part of its function, to recycle other

> spent antioxidants that are more specific, highlights the generality of this

> master antioxidant.

>

> With regard to your comment on eye antioxidants, you'll find glutathione to

> be chief among them, an antioxidant that does not accumulate pigment like

> the betacarotenes do but maintains complete transparency of the lens. Here's

> a more recent review;

> Glutathione-related enzymes and the eye:

> ><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16421014>

>

> all good,

>

> Duncan

>

> >

> > In retropect , you have asserted :

> >

> > < In free radical damage control, specific antioxidants are best at

> > quenching specific free radicals. While Astaxanthin is a pigment that is

> not

> > a component of most cells, the hydroxyl ion is quenched primarily by a

> > glutathione presence at the DNA and at the mitochondrial DNA in every

> cell.

> > >

> >

> > You rambled about the formative precursors of glutathione without

> > mentioning the sites of its endogeous production of the specific

> > anti-oxidants. Where is glutathione synthesised, Duncan;

> > in the Liver, Lungs or Brain etc ? Maybe, you can throw us some light on

> > glutathione specificity .

> >

> > Thank you.

> >

> > With regards

> > Lew

>

March 31, 2011

Hi Lew, without minimising my contribution you wouldn't Have a point to make on

glutathione? Yes, I know that one's " glutathione system " includes several

enzymes; for our purpose of quenching free radicals and describing glutathione

production in the cells though, glutathione peridoxase is referred to because

the pathways leading to glutathione peridoxase creation are reliable and rarely

fail.

Lew, my glutathione resource page is #1 in a Gooogle search on glutathione

references; Gooogle ranking depends on quality and other factors as well as

search engine optimization. With respect intended, If you'd searched for

glutathione references and found this ten-year-old page you wouldn't have posted

that little critique of my writing in lieu of a salient comment.

On to astaxanthin -- I realize the betacarotenes are more than pigment; I only

mentioned their tendency to accumulate pigment vs. glutathione maintaining a

clear lens and cornea. The significance is that GSH remains the master

antioxidant for the eye, it is a speicific antioxidant for singlet oxygen like

the betacarotenes are, and it recycles spent betacarotenes in the eye so they

can be used again and again, reducing the need for more of this pigmented

antioxidant than the diet normally provides.

Pigment accumulation has turned many people off the betacarotenes such as

astaxanthin fake tanning/skin colouring agents. I'm sure low antioxidant doses

of astaxanthin promotes relatively less pigment accumulation. I occasionally

drink huckleberry leaf tea for the betacarotenes, but not too often; have done

it for more than 20 years, and I also eat veggies rich in betacarotenes. And I

take whey and selenium so I'm sure I recycle my betacarotenes.

all good,

Duncan

>

> * *With this in view, Duncan, I sincerely hope you have to do

> better when you broach on the subject of erythrocytic haemolysis and

> lauric acid in VCO. I thank you for the informative lead.

March 31, 2011

Thanks Lew for all the valuable information on the glutathione SYSTEM, VCO, and

Astaxanthin. It's great to have a real naturopathic medical doctor on board to

separate the wheat from the chaff as we say :-)

Warmest Regards,

Dee

>

> It is not just the very popular enzyme glutathione but an

> array of enzymes and detoxification systems that work together to save our

> cells of oxidative stress when attacked by radiation, heavy metals and toxic

> chemicals. There is an antioxidant system that acts at the cellular level

> to protect sensitive cellular targets right down to the nuclear DNA level

>

>snip>

>

> * *With this in view, Duncan, I sincerely hope you have to do

> better when you broach on the subject of erythrocytic haemolysis and

> lauric acid in VCO. I thank you for the informative lead. We have been

> using coconut oil irrespective of the rich and poor for generations in

> South-East Asia and we will continue to use it

>

> for cooking and for health. I even prescribe it to my patients.

>

> * Astaxanthin is MORE than a pigment*

>

> Employment of reactive oxygen species to enhance astaxanthin formation

> in *Chlorella

> zofingiensis* in heterotrophic culture

>

>snipped for brevity>

>

April 1, 2011

I increased the amounts of zeaxanthin supplementation about six months

ago after listening to Dr. Mercola's interview where he discussed the

value of it I had been supplementing lutein for several years.

Recently I have noticed that my eyes have improved markedly. I can now

read the telephone book under good light without reading glasses. This

would not have been the case for at least the last twenty years. I

still read readers when I go on the web for comfort, but they are not

necessary.

Jim

>Carotenoids are lipid soluble which possess reported health benefits of

>reducing cancers (lycopene), cardiovascular (lycopene), and aging eye

>diseases [lutein (L) and zeaxanthin(Zea)

>when regularly consumed in the

>diet. One of the most important physiological functions of carotenoids in

>human nutrition is as vitamin A precursors [?-carotene (BC)]. Humans

cannot

>synthesize carotenoids; therefore, fruits and vegetables are primary

sources

>of carotenoids in human diets world-wid

April 1, 2011

That's great news Jim. I ordered zeaxanthin a few days ago so looking forward to

trying it. Like you I have been taking lutein for years without seeing much

improvement - but at least it probably keep things from getting worse. How much

have you been taking to get such good results?

Best,

Dee

>

> I increased the amounts of zeaxanthin supplementation about six months

> ago after listening to Dr. Mercola's interview where he discussed the

> value of it I had been supplementing lutein for several years.

> Recently I have noticed that my eyes have improved markedly. I can now

> read the telephone book under good light without reading glasses. This

> would not have been the case for at least the last twenty years. I

> still read readers when I go on the web for comfort, but they are not

> necessary.

>

> Jim

>

> >Carotenoids are lipid soluble which possess reported health benefits of

> >reducing cancers (lycopene), cardiovascular (lycopene), and aging eye

> >diseases [lutein (L) and zeaxanthin(Zea)

> >when regularly consumed in the

> >diet. One of the most important physiological functions of carotenoids in

> >human nutrition is as vitamin A precursors [?-carotene (BC)]. Humans

> cannot

> >synthesize carotenoids; therefore, fruits and vegetables are primary

> sources

> >of carotenoids in human diets world-wid

>

April 1, 2011

A friend has been diagnosed with P.P.A. (primary progressive aphasia) since

last year and deteriorating rapidly, including the onset of chronic

depression.

Her family was looking into Hyperbonic Oxygen Therapy with I.V.

glutathione administration at Dr. Pelmutter's Health Center.

They are also looking into perispinal etanercept for the treatment of P.P.A.

at I.N.R. (Institute for Neurological Research with Dr. Tobinick).

Prior to this, I had suggested - after going back to some of my earlier

research notes- a regimented nutritional supplementation ( ALA, Flavonoids,

Carnosine, Turmeric extract, Glutathione and Trans- Resveratrol) to deal

with TNF and TNF-Alpha, with the hypothesis that excess TNF may represent a

possible therapeutic target in PPA.

(Which would produce basically similar results to Dr. Tobinick's

treatment approach of using etanercept - sold as Enbrel, an RA drug-

consisting of an anti- TNF fusion protein, that reduces the biological

effect of TNF by binding to it).

My question is would Astaxanthin be recommended over

Trans- Resveratrol?

And would anyone have any other suggestions?

Blessings to all

Nick

On Mon, Mar 28, 2011 at 4:36 AM, Lew Fong How <drfhlew@...> wrote:

> *

>

> Astaxanthin

>

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/11/23/astaxanthin-the-ey\

e-antioxidant-550-times-more-powerful-than-vitamin-e.aspx

> *

>

> " … if you find yourself needing an x-ray or a *CT

> scan*<

>

http://emf.mercola.com/sites/emf/archive/2010/09/25/high-ct-scan-radiation-is-de\

adly.aspx

> >,

> you can gain some measure of protection from this radiation exposure by

> taking 2-4 mg astaxanthin for several weeks prior to the scan.

>

> If you are planning to fly on an airplane, you are also exposed to massive

> amounts of ionizing radiation, *especially if you fly during the

> day*<

>

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/01/02/How-Going-Through-\

Clouds-When-Flying-Increases-Your-Exposure-to-Radiation.aspx

> >.

> In this case, it would be wise to take a similar a dose of astaxanthin for

> the few weeks preceding your trip. "

>

> Astaxanthin in Oxidative Stress and Prevention of Lipid Peroxidation.

>

> Astaxanthin has been claimed to be ten times more effective than beta

> carotene and 100 times more effective than vitamin E in preventing lipid

> peroxidation. Astaxanthin protects the cellular and mitochondrial membranes

> and the ocular tissues against the photo-oxidative damage to DNA, involved

> in AMD pathogenesis. Carotenoids can help protect the retina from oxidative

> damage. The free radical scavenging activity of astaxanthin protects lipids

> from peroxidation and reduces oxidative damage of LDL-cholesterol (thereby

> reducing arterial plaque formation), cells, cell membranes, mitochondrial

> membranes. Astaxanthin increases strength and endurance. Astaxanthin is one

> of those important carotenoids and might be beneficial for nerve damage

> associated with age-related macular degeneration. Astaxanthin may easily

> cross the blood brain barrier and could have antioxidant effects in the

> brain. Astaxanthin might exert beneficial effects in protection against

> hypertension and stroke, and could improve memory in vascular dementia.

> Astaxanthin has a peculiar chemical structure. Astaxanthin enhances the

> cellular membranes stability as it locates crosswise inside them.

>

> As shown in the pictures , I have started collecting these nutriceuticals

> one by one and these are kept in my emergency cabinet.

>

> With regards

> Lew

>

> On Sun, Mar 27, 2011 at 11:43 PM, Duncan Crow <duncancrow@...>

> wrote:

>

> >

> > Hemolysis, whether from lauric acid or any other source, releases large

> > amounts of iron, a potent promoter of oxidative stress through a reaction

> > that yields hydroxyl radicals, the most damaging type of free radicals.

> This

> > is the type that causes the radiation sickness and accelerated aging in

> > people who have undergone radiation therapy.

> >

> > If a person is taking coconut oil, extra antioxidants may be needed to

> > quench the hydroxyl ions. Glutathione is the main antioxidant of hydroxyl

> > ions; the precursor is in undenatured whey, which also contains ferritin,

> > the purpose of which besides delivering glutathione precursors is to bind

> > free iron in the body against this eventuality.

> >

> > This study, " Hydroxyl radical is produced via the Fenton reaction in

> > submitochondrial particles under oxidative stress: implications for

> diseases

> > associated with iron accumulation " , points out, " The results indicate

> that

> > increased HO(*) levels occur in mitochondria under oxidative stress and

> that

> > the HO(*) levels can be modulated with antioxidant enzymes and iron

> ligands.

> > "

> >

> > ><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19490751>

> >

> > Oxidative stress is a severe lifespan shortener through accelerated

> aging,

> > and iron has been linked to many oxidative stress disorders. Performing

> the

> > search, iron " oxidative stress " hydroxyl, in PubMed will retrieve 519

> > records.

> >

> > In " Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. "

> >

> > ><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21414382>

> >

> > " Disruption of metal ion homeostasis may lead to oxidative stress, a

> state

> > where increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms

> body

> > antioxidant protection and subsequently induces DNA damage, lipid

> > peroxidation, protein modification and other effects, all symptomatic for

> > numerous diseases, involving cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes,

> > atherosclerosis, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's

> > disease), chronic inflammation and others. The underlying mechanism of

> > action for all these metals involves formation of the superoxide radical,

> > hydroxyl radical (mainly via Fenton reaction) and other ROS, finally

> > producing mutagenic and carcinogenic malondialdehyde (MDA),

> 4-hydroxynonenal

> > (HNE) and other exocyclic DNA adducts. On the other hand, the redox

> inactive

> > metals, such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) show their toxic

> > effects via bonding to sulphydryl groups of proteins and depletion of

> > glutathione. "

> >

> > So, given that lauric acid lyses red blood cells as shown in the previous

> > research, one should also be taking glutathione precursors to quench the

> > oxidative stress, and the ligand (ferritin) to bind up any free iron.

> High

> > glutathione is an anti-aging tool anyway.

> >

> > all good,

> >

> > Duncan

> >

> > >

> > > The following study shows lauric acid breaks down (lyses) red blood

> cell

> > walls in normal blood salt (normotonic) conditions for blood of humans

> and

> > two other animals. Hemolysis may be the reason some people have symptoms

> > from coconut oil that are often attributed to the Herxheimer/Jarish

> effect

> > (AKA healing response); coocnut oil could be breaking down some of your

> red

> > blood cells.

> > >

> > > <

> >

>

http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=h009675m113g2463 & size=larges\

t

> > >

> >

>

April 2, 2011

Duncan wrote:

< Hi Lew, without minimising my contribution you wouldn't Have a point to

make on glutathione? Yes, I know that one's " glutathione system " includes

several enzymes; for our purpose of quenching free radicals and describing

glutathione production in the cells though,* glutathione peridoxase is

referred to because the pathways leading to glutathione peridoxase creation

are reliable and rarely fail. >*

* *

Is that so . Duncan ? Changes of glutathione and related enzymes activity in

lens, cornea, retina and other eye tissues, occur with ageing, cataract,

diabetes, irradiation and administration of some drugs. You want to talk

science ? Talk then !

* *

* Reactive Oxygen Species and Cell

Signaling*

http://ajrcmb.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/6/661

ROS have pleiotropic activities. They can function as cell toxins or

signaling molecules. In the latter role, they may influence diverse cell

processes ranging from cellular proliferation to apoptosis. What determines

which of the myriad of activities of ROS predominate? The answer to this

question is not known. The magnitude of ROS generation, the site and source

of their generation, the phase of the cell cycle, the state of activation of

transmodulating signals, and the antioxidant status of the cell all likely

influence the final outcome.

Free Radicals and Human Disease

* CRC Handbook of Free Radicals and Antioxidants **,*vol 1

(1989), p209-221.

* H. Proctor, PhD, MD*

http://www.doctorproctor.com/crcpap2.htm

* < Lew, my glutathione resource page is #1 in a Gooogle search on

glutathione references; Gooogle ranking depends on quality and other factors

as well as search engine optimization. With respect intended, If you'd

searched for glutathione references and found this ten-year-old page you

wouldn't have posted that little critique of my writing in lieu of a salient

comment. >*

It is very kind of you to tell me that. But where is " this ten-year-old

page " ?

* < Pigment accumulation has turned many people off the betacarotenes such

as astaxanthin fake tanning/skin colouring agents. *I'm sure low antioxidant

doses of astaxanthin promotes relatively less pigment accumulation. >

In case you do not know the significance of a natural pigment :

Melanin.

Role of Ocular Melanin in Ophthalmic Physiology and Pathology

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3931/is_200805/ai_n25500479/

* Astaxanthin does not cause retinal crystal deposition*.

Please get it right , It is *Canthaxanthin.*

* *

* " *

just got a copy of the 2001 catalog from Omega Oil company. They are

offering wild caught salmon due to the coloring agents found in farm salmon.

They specifically cite the use of Carophyll Pink a canthaxanthin synthesized

from petrochemicals. The page in the catalog claims an opthalmogist noted

that crystals of the pigment localized in the retina and caused weakening

leading to detachment, in addition it was taken off the market as an oral

tanning agent in the 80s....The article doesnt give citations...but I eat

salmon out -alot....Have you heard of this???Thanks

::Yes, the story of the oral tanning agent canthaxanthin is well known, but

there was never any evidence that the retinal crystals caused any harm, and

they were only found in cases of ridiculous overdose. If the canthaxanthin

is pure then it does not matter from where it is synthesized. Likely *lots*

of safe and edible chemicals are synthesized from petrochemicals. Before the

dosage in the salmon would cause retinal crystals it would also cause your

skin to become salmon colored, so you would have lots of warning of a

potential problem.

* Moreover, astaxathin is no more related to canthaxanthin then it is

related to lycopene or any other carrotenoid. “ *

* *

* Forum Talk : **Canthaxanthin***

* *

http://forum.lef.org/default.aspx?f=35 & m=16655

With regards

Lew

On Fri, Apr 1, 2011 at 12:32 AM, Duncan Crow <duncancrow@...> wrote:

>

> Hi Lew, without minimising my contribution you wouldn't Have a point to

> make on glutathione? Yes, I know that one's " glutathione system " includes

> several enzymes; for our purpose of quenching free radicals and describing

> glutathione production in the cells though, glutathione peridoxase is

> referred to because the pathways leading to glutathione peridoxase creation

> are reliable and rarely fail.

>

> Lew, my glutathione resource page is #1 in a Gooogle search on glutathione

> references; Gooogle ranking depends on quality and other factors as well as

> search engine optimization. With respect intended, If you'd searched for

> glutathione references and found this ten-year-old page you wouldn't have

> posted that little critique of my writing in lieu of a salient comment.

>

> On to astaxanthin -- I realize the betacarotenes are more than pigment; I

> only mentioned their tendency to accumulate pigment vs. glutathione

> maintaining a clear lens and cornea. The significance is that GSH remains

> the master antioxidant for the eye, it is a speicific antioxidant for

> singlet oxygen like the betacarotenes are, and it recycles spent

> betacarotenes in the eye so they can be used again and again, reducing the

> need for more of this pigmented antioxidant than the diet normally provides.

>

> Pigment accumulation has turned many people off the betacarotenes such as

> astaxanthin fake tanning/skin colouring agents. I'm sure low antioxidant

> doses of astaxanthin promotes relatively less pigment accumulation. I

> occasionally drink huckleberry leaf tea for the betacarotenes, but not too

> often; have done it for more than 20 years, and I also eat veggies rich in

> betacarotenes. And I take whey and selenium so I'm sure I recycle my

> betacarotenes.

>

> all good,

>

> Duncan

>

> >

> > * *With this in view, Duncan, I sincerely hope you have to do

>

> > better when you broach on the subject of erythrocytic haemolysis and

> > lauric acid in VCO. I thank you for the informative lead.

>

April 2, 2011

Dear Nick,

From your research notes , perhaps you may recall antioxidants

that are made in our cells include enzymes and Glutathione. Other essential

antioxidants such as Vitamin C, E, A and Selenium must come from our

diets.Some antioxidants that use their electrons to neutralize a free

radical becomes what is known as a pro-oxidant. Most pro-oxidants inducing

oxidative stress, qualify as free radicals. Increased numbers of these

result in cellular distress with release of Reactive Oxygen Species ( ROS )

and nitro-oxidative stress ( RNS ) activating cell-signaling and

apoptosis.

Studies show that different types of antioxidants can help each

other .For example, Once Vitamin E becomes a free radical itself, Vitamin C

can help Vitamin E to regenerate back into its Natural Antioxidant Form.By

helping Vitamin E, vitamin C becomes a free radical and can be regenerated

back into its natural form by the antioxidant Glutathione.Many of us may

have a problem taking high dosages of antioxidant supplements like ascorbic

acid or Vitamin C because of its ability to become a pro-oxidant. Alpha

lipoic Acid , in higher dosage, may result in a severe headache. The ALA

with you may contain the two types :

1. The R - Alpha lipoic Acid

2..The S - Alpha lipoic Acid.

I usually buy and prescribe the natural R- ALA with a 50 mg

dosage. The S - ALA is synthetic and inert. Normal concentrations of

Vitamin C in your body are considered antioxidants, but in higher

concentrations this vitamin may become a Damaging Pro-oxidant.

Astaxanthin is specifically an anti-oxidant and not a

pro-oxidant.

I hope you and your friend can glean some clarification and information

from this article.

Selective Neuronal Vulnerability ( SNV ) to Oxidative Stress

in the Brain

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2874397/

Xinkun Wang1,2* and Elias K. is1,2

1Higuchi Biosciences Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence,

KS, USA

2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Kansas,

Lawrence, KS, USA

Edited by: C. , University of Florida, USA

Reviewed by: Blalock, University of Kentucky, USA; C. ,

University of Florida, USA

*Correspondence: Xinkun Wang, Higuchi Biosciences Center, The

University of Kansas, 2099 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA. e-mail:

xwang@...

Received December 1, 2009; Accepted March 11, 2010.

With regards

Lew

On Sat, Apr 2, 2011 at 10:32 AM, Nickolas Schetakis <eftnow@...>wrote:

> A friend has been diagnosed with P.P.A. (primary progressive aphasia) since

> last year and deteriorating rapidly, including the onset of chronic

> depression.

> Her family was looking into Hyperbonic Oxygen Therapy with I.V.

> glutathione administration at Dr. Pelmutter's Health Center.

> They are also looking into perispinal etanercept for the treatment of

> P.P.A.

> at I.N.R. (Institute for Neurological Research with Dr. Tobinick).

> Prior to this, I had suggested - after going back to some of my earlier

> research notes- a regimented nutritional supplementation ( ALA, Flavonoids,

> Carnosine, Turmeric extract, Glutathione and Trans- Resveratrol) to deal

> with TNF and TNF-Alpha, with the hypothesis that excess TNF may represent

> a

> possible therapeutic target in PPA.

> (Which would produce basically similar results to Dr. Tobinick's

> treatment approach of using etanercept - sold as Enbrel, an RA drug-

> consisting of an anti- TNF fusion protein, that reduces the biological

> effect of TNF by binding to it).

> My question is would Astaxanthin be recommended over

> Trans- Resveratrol?

> And would anyone have any other suggestions?

>

> Blessings to all

> Nick

>

> On Mon, Mar 28, 2011 at 4:36 AM, Lew Fong How <drfhlew@...> wrote:

>

> > *

> >

> > Astaxanthin

> >

>

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/11/23/astaxanthin-the-ey\

e-antioxidant-550-times-more-powerful-than-vitamin-e.aspx

> > *

> >

> > " … if you find yourself needing an x-ray or a *CT

> > scan*<

> >

>

http://emf.mercola.com/sites/emf/archive/2010/09/25/high-ct-scan-radiation-is-de\

adly.aspx

> > >,

> > you can gain some measure of protection from this radiation exposure by

> > taking 2-4 mg astaxanthin for several weeks prior to the scan.

> >

> > If you are planning to fly on an airplane, you are also exposed to

> massive

> > amounts of ionizing radiation, *especially if you fly during the

> > day*<

> >

>

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/01/02/How-Going-Through-\

Clouds-When-Flying-Increases-Your-Exposure-to-Radiation.aspx

> > >.

> > In this case, it would be wise to take a similar a dose of astaxanthin

> for

> > the few weeks preceding your trip. "

> >

> > Astaxanthin in Oxidative Stress and Prevention of Lipid Peroxidation.

> >

> > Astaxanthin has been claimed to be ten times more effective than beta

> > carotene and 100 times more effective than vitamin E in preventing lipid

> > peroxidation. Astaxanthin protects the cellular and mitochondrial

> membranes

> > and the ocular tissues against the photo-oxidative damage to DNA,

> involved

> > in AMD pathogenesis. Carotenoids can help protect the retina from

> oxidative

> > damage. The free radical scavenging activity of astaxanthin protects

> lipids

> > from peroxidation and reduces oxidative damage of LDL-cholesterol

> (thereby

> > reducing arterial plaque formation), cells, cell membranes, mitochondrial

> > membranes. Astaxanthin increases strength and endurance. Astaxanthin is

> one

> > of those important carotenoids and might be beneficial for nerve damage

> > associated with age-related macular degeneration. Astaxanthin may easily

> > cross the blood brain barrier and could have antioxidant effects in the

> > brain. Astaxanthin might exert beneficial effects in protection against

> > hypertension and stroke, and could improve memory in vascular dementia.

> > Astaxanthin has a peculiar chemical structure. Astaxanthin enhances the

> > cellular membranes stability as it locates crosswise inside them.

> >

> > As shown in the pictures , I have started collecting these nutriceuticals

> > one by one and these are kept in my emergency cabinet.

> >

> > With regards

> > Lew

> >

> > On Sun, Mar 27, 2011 at 11:43 PM, Duncan Crow <duncancrow@...>

> > wrote:

> >

> > >

> > > Hemolysis, whether from lauric acid or any other source, releases large

> > > amounts of iron, a potent promoter of oxidative stress through a

> reaction

> > > that yields hydroxyl radicals, the most damaging type of free radicals.

> > This

> > > is the type that causes the radiation sickness and accelerated aging in

> > > people who have undergone radiation therapy.

> > >

> > > If a person is taking coconut oil, extra antioxidants may be needed to

> > > quench the hydroxyl ions. Glutathione is the main antioxidant of

> hydroxyl

> > > ions; the precursor is in undenatured whey, which also contains

> ferritin,

> > > the purpose of which besides delivering glutathione precursors is to

> bind

> > > free iron in the body against this eventuality.

> > >

> > > This study, " Hydroxyl radical is produced via the Fenton reaction in

> > > submitochondrial particles under oxidative stress: implications for

> > diseases

> > > associated with iron accumulation " , points out, " The results indicate

> > that

> > > increased HO(*) levels occur in mitochondria under oxidative stress and

> > that

> > > the HO(*) levels can be modulated with antioxidant enzymes and iron

> > ligands.

> > > "

> > >

> > > ><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19490751>

> > >

> > > Oxidative stress is a severe lifespan shortener through accelerated

> > aging,

> > > and iron has been linked to many oxidative stress disorders. Performing

> > the

> > > search, iron " oxidative stress " hydroxyl, in PubMed will retrieve 519

> > > records.

> > >

> > > In " Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. "

> > >

> > > ><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21414382>

> > >

> > > " Disruption of metal ion homeostasis may lead to oxidative stress, a

> > state

> > > where increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms

> > body

> > > antioxidant protection and subsequently induces DNA damage, lipid

> > > peroxidation, protein modification and other effects, all symptomatic

> for

> > > numerous diseases, involving cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes,

> > > atherosclerosis, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease,

> Parkinson's

> > > disease), chronic inflammation and others. The underlying mechanism of

> > > action for all these metals involves formation of the superoxide

> radical,

> > > hydroxyl radical (mainly via Fenton reaction) and other ROS, finally

> > > producing mutagenic and carcinogenic malondialdehyde (MDA),

> > 4-hydroxynonenal

> > > (HNE) and other exocyclic DNA adducts. On the other hand, the redox

> > inactive

> > > metals, such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) show their

> toxic

> > > effects via bonding to sulphydryl groups of proteins and depletion of

> > > glutathione. "

> > >

> > > So, given that lauric acid lyses red blood cells as shown in the

> previous

> > > research, one should also be taking glutathione precursors to quench

> the

> > > oxidative stress, and the ligand (ferritin) to bind up any free iron.

> > High

> > > glutathione is an anti-aging tool anyway.

> > >

> > > all good,

> > >

> > > Duncan

> > >

> > > >

> > > > The following study shows lauric acid breaks down (lyses) red blood

> > cell

> > > walls in normal blood salt (normotonic) conditions for blood of humans

> > and

> > > two other animals. Hemolysis may be the reason some people have

> symptoms

> > > from coconut oil that are often attributed to the Herxheimer/Jarish

> > effect

> > > (AKA healing response); coocnut oil could be breaking down some of your

> > red

> > > blood cells.

> > > >

> > > > <

> > >

> >

>

http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=h009675m113g2463 & size=larges\

t

> > > >

> > >

> >

April 2, 2011

Hello Nick,

The staff from the out-patient clinic handed me the parcel sent via EMS

from Advance Physician Formulas ( USA) today. The picture speaks for

itself.

With regards

Lew

On Sat, Apr 2, 2011 at 2:56 PM, Lew Fong How <drfhlew@...> wrote:

>

> Dear Nick,

>

> From your research notes , perhaps you may recall antioxidants

> that are made in our cells include enzymes and Glutathione. Other essential

> antioxidants such as Vitamin C, E, A and Selenium must come from our

> diets.Some antioxidants that use their electrons to neutralize a free

> radical becomes what is known as a pro-oxidant. Most pro-oxidants inducing

> oxidative stress, qualify as free radicals. Increased numbers of these

> result in cellular distress with release of Reactive Oxygen Species ( ROS )

> and nitro-oxidative stress ( RNS ) activating cell-signaling and

> apoptosis.

>

> Studies show that different types of antioxidants can help each

> other .For example, Once Vitamin E becomes a free radical itself, Vitamin C

> can help Vitamin E to regenerate back into its Natural Antioxidant Form.By

> helping Vitamin E, vitamin C becomes a free radical and can be regenerated

> back into its natural form by the antioxidant Glutathione.Many of us may

> have a problem taking high dosages of antioxidant supplements like ascorbic

> acid or Vitamin C because of its ability to become a pro-oxidant. Alpha

> lipoic Acid , in higher dosage, may result in a severe headache. The ALA

> with you may contain the two types :

>

> 1. The R - Alpha lipoic Acid

> 2..The S - Alpha lipoic Acid.

>

> I usually buy and prescribe the natural R- ALA with a 50 mg

> dosage. The S - ALA is synthetic and inert. Normal concentrations of

> Vitamin C in your body are considered antioxidants, but in higher

> concentrations this vitamin may become a Damaging Pro-oxidant.

>

> Astaxanthin is specifically an anti-oxidant and not a

> pro-oxidant.

>

> I hope you and your friend can glean some clarification and information

> from this article.

>

> Selective Neuronal Vulnerability ( SNV ) to Oxidative

> Stress in the Brain

>

> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2874397/

>

> Xinkun Wang1,2* and Elias K. is1,2

> 1Higuchi Biosciences Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence,

> KS, USA

> 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Kansas,

> Lawrence, KS, USA

>

> Edited by: C. , University of Florida, USA

> Reviewed by: Blalock, University of Kentucky, USA; C. ,

> University of Florida, USA

>

> *Correspondence: Xinkun Wang, Higuchi Biosciences Center, The

> University of Kansas, 2099 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA. e-mail:

> xwang@...

> Received December 1, 2009; Accepted March 11,

> 2010.

>

> With regards

> Lew

>

> On Sat, Apr 2, 2011 at 10:32 AM, Nickolas Schetakis <eftnow@...>wrote:

>

>> A friend has been diagnosed with P.P.A. (primary progressive aphasia)

>> since

>> last year and deteriorating rapidly, including the onset of chronic

>> depression.

>> Her family was looking into Hyperbonic Oxygen Therapy with I.V.

>> glutathione administration at Dr. Pelmutter's Health Center.

>> They are also looking into perispinal etanercept for the treatment of

>> P.P.A.

>> at I.N.R. (Institute for Neurological Research with Dr. Tobinick).

>> Prior to this, I had suggested - after going back to some of my earlier

>> research notes- a regimented nutritional supplementation ( ALA,

>> Flavonoids,

>> Carnosine, Turmeric extract, Glutathione and Trans- Resveratrol) to deal

>> with TNF and TNF-Alpha, with the hypothesis that excess TNF may represent

>> a

>> possible therapeutic target in PPA.

>> (Which would produce basically similar results to Dr. Tobinick's

>> treatment approach of using etanercept - sold as Enbrel, an RA drug-

>> consisting of an anti- TNF fusion protein, that reduces the biological

>> effect of TNF by binding to it).

>> My question is would Astaxanthin be recommended over

>> Trans- Resveratrol?

>> And would anyone have any other suggestions?

>>

>> Blessings to all

>> Nick

>>

>> On Mon, Mar 28, 2011 at 4:36 AM, Lew Fong How <drfhlew@...> wrote:

>>

>> > *

>> >

>> > Astaxanthin

>> >

>>

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/11/23/astaxanthin-the-ey\

e-antioxidant-550-times-more-powerful-than-vitamin-e.aspx

>> > *

>> >

>> > " … if you find yourself needing an x-ray or a *CT

>> > scan*<

>> >

>>

http://emf.mercola.com/sites/emf/archive/2010/09/25/high-ct-scan-radiation-is-de\

adly.aspx

>> > >,

>> > you can gain some measure of protection from this radiation exposure by

>> > taking 2-4 mg astaxanthin for several weeks prior to the scan.

>> >

>> > If you are planning to fly on an airplane, you are also exposed to

>> massive

>> > amounts of ionizing radiation, *especially if you fly during the

>> > day*<

>> >

>>

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/01/02/How-Going-Through-\

Clouds-When-Flying-Increases-Your-Exposure-to-Radiation.aspx

>> > >.

>> > In this case, it would be wise to take a similar a dose of astaxanthin

>> for

>> > the few weeks preceding your trip. "

>> >

>> > Astaxanthin in Oxidative Stress and Prevention of Lipid Peroxidation.

>> >

>> > Astaxanthin has been claimed to be ten times more effective than beta

>> > carotene and 100 times more effective than vitamin E in preventing lipid

>> > peroxidation. Astaxanthin protects the cellular and mitochondrial

>> membranes

>> > and the ocular tissues against the photo-oxidative damage to DNA,

>> involved

>> > in AMD pathogenesis. Carotenoids can help protect the retina from

>> oxidative

>> > damage. The free radical scavenging activity of astaxanthin protects

>> lipids

>> > from peroxidation and reduces oxidative damage of LDL-cholesterol

>> (thereby

>> > reducing arterial plaque formation), cells, cell membranes,

>> mitochondrial

>> > membranes. Astaxanthin increases strength and endurance. Astaxanthin is

>> one

>> > of those important carotenoids and might be beneficial for nerve damage

>> > associated with age-related macular degeneration. Astaxanthin may easily

>> > cross the blood brain barrier and could have antioxidant effects in the

>> > brain. Astaxanthin might exert beneficial effects in protection against

>> > hypertension and stroke, and could improve memory in vascular dementia.

>> > Astaxanthin has a peculiar chemical structure. Astaxanthin enhances the

>> > cellular membranes stability as it locates crosswise inside them.

>> >

>> > As shown in the pictures , I have started collecting these

>> nutriceuticals

>> > one by one and these are kept in my emergency cabinet.

>> >

>> > With regards

>> > Lew

>> >

>> > On Sun, Mar 27, 2011 at 11:43 PM, Duncan Crow <duncancrow@...>

>> > wrote:

>> >

>> > >

>> > > Hemolysis, whether from lauric acid or any other source, releases

>> large

>> > > amounts of iron, a potent promoter of oxidative stress through a

>> reaction

>> > > that yields hydroxyl radicals, the most damaging type of free

>> radicals.

>> > This

>> > > is the type that causes the radiation sickness and accelerated aging

>> in

>> > > people who have undergone radiation therapy.

>> > >

>> > > If a person is taking coconut oil, extra antioxidants may be needed to

>> > > quench the hydroxyl ions. Glutathione is the main antioxidant of

>> hydroxyl

>> > > ions; the precursor is in undenatured whey, which also contains

>> ferritin,

>> > > the purpose of which besides delivering glutathione precursors is to

>> bind

>> > > free iron in the body against this eventuality.

>> > >

>> > > This study, " Hydroxyl radical is produced via the Fenton reaction in

>> > > submitochondrial particles under oxidative stress: implications for

>> > diseases

>> > > associated with iron accumulation " , points out, " The results indicate

>> > that

>> > > increased HO(*) levels occur in mitochondria under oxidative stress

>> and

>> > that

>> > > the HO(*) levels can be modulated with antioxidant enzymes and iron

>> > ligands.

>> > > "

>> > >

>> > > ><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19490751>

>> > >

>> > > Oxidative stress is a severe lifespan shortener through accelerated

>> > aging,

>> > > and iron has been linked to many oxidative stress disorders.

>> Performing

>> > the

>> > > search, iron " oxidative stress " hydroxyl, in PubMed will retrieve 519

>> > > records.

>> > >

>> > > In " Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. "

>> > >

>> > > ><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21414382>

>> > >

>> > > " Disruption of metal ion homeostasis may lead to oxidative stress, a

>> > state

>> > > where increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms

>> > body

>> > > antioxidant protection and subsequently induces DNA damage, lipid

>> > > peroxidation, protein modification and other effects, all symptomatic

>> for

>> > > numerous diseases, involving cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes,

>> > > atherosclerosis, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease,

>> Parkinson's

>> > > disease), chronic inflammation and others. The underlying mechanism of

>> > > action for all these metals involves formation of the superoxide

>> radical,

>> > > hydroxyl radical (mainly via Fenton reaction) and other ROS, finally

>> > > producing mutagenic and carcinogenic malondialdehyde (MDA),

>> > 4-hydroxynonenal

>> > > (HNE) and other exocyclic DNA adducts. On the other hand, the redox

>> > inactive

>> > > metals, such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) show their

>> toxic

>> > > effects via bonding to sulphydryl groups of proteins and depletion of

>> > > glutathione. "

>> > >

>> > > So, given that lauric acid lyses red blood cells as shown in the

>> previous

>> > > research, one should also be taking glutathione precursors to quench

>> the

>> > > oxidative stress, and the ligand (ferritin) to bind up any free iron.

>> > High

>> > > glutathione is an anti-aging tool anyway.

>> > >

>> > > all good,

>> > >

>> > > Duncan

>> > >

>> > > >

>> > > > The following study shows lauric acid breaks down (lyses) red blood

>> > cell

>> > > walls in normal blood salt (normotonic) conditions for blood of humans

>> > and

>> > > two other animals. Hemolysis may be the reason some people have

>> symptoms

>> > > from coconut oil that are often attributed to the Herxheimer/Jarish

>> > effect

>> > > (AKA healing response); coocnut oil could be breaking down some of

>> your

>> > red

>> > > blood cells.

>> > > >

>> > > > <

>> > >

>> >

>>

http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=h009675m113g2463 & size=larges\

t

>> > > >

>> > >

>> >

April 2, 2011

On Sat, Apr 2, 2011 at 11:26 PM, Lew Fong How <drfhlew@...> wrote:

> Hello Nick,

> The staff from the out-patient clinic handed me the parcel sent via EMS

> from Advance Physician Formulas ( USA) today. The picture speaks for

> itself.

> With regards

> Lew

> On Sat, Apr 2, 2011 at 2:56 PM, Lew Fong How <drfhlew@...> wrote:

>

>>

>> Dear Nick,

>>

>> From your research notes , perhaps you may recall

>> antioxidants that are made in our cells include enzymes and Glutathione.

>> Other essential antioxidants such as Vitamin C, E, A and Selenium must come

>> from our diets.Some antioxidants that use their electrons to neutralize a

>> free radical becomes what is known as a pro-oxidant. Most pro-oxidants

>> inducing oxidative stress, qualify as free radicals. Increased numbers of

>> these result in cellular distress with release of Reactive Oxygen Species (

>> ROS ) and nitro-oxidative stress ( RNS ) activating cell-signaling and

>> apoptosis.

>>

>> Studies show that different types of antioxidants can help

>> each other .For example, Once Vitamin E becomes a free radical itself,

>> Vitamin C can help Vitamin E to regenerate back into its Natural Antioxidant

>> Form.By helping Vitamin E, vitamin C becomes a free radical and can be

>> regenerated back into its natural form by the antioxidant Glutathione.Many

>> of us may have a problem taking high dosages of antioxidant supplements

>> like ascorbic acid or Vitamin C because of its ability to become a

>> pro-oxidant. Alpha lipoic Acid , in higher dosage, may result in a severe

>> headache. The ALA with you may contain the two types :

>>

>> 1. The R - Alpha lipoic Acid

>> 2..The S - Alpha lipoic Acid.

>>

>> I usually buy and prescribe the natural R- ALA with a 50 mg

>> dosage. The S - ALA is synthetic and inert. Normal concentrations of

>> Vitamin C in your body are considered antioxidants, but in higher

>> concentrations this vitamin may become a Damaging Pro-oxidant.

>>

>> Astaxanthin is specifically an anti-oxidant and not a

>> pro-oxidant.

>>

>> I hope you and your friend can glean some clarification and information

>> from this article.

>>

>> Selective Neuronal Vulnerability ( SNV ) to Oxidative

>> Stress in the Brain

>>

>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2874397/

>>

>> Xinkun Wang1,2* and Elias K. is1,2

>> 1Higuchi Biosciences Center, The University of Kansas,

>> Lawrence, KS, USA

>> 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Kansas,

>> Lawrence, KS, USA

>>

>> Edited by: C. , University of Florida, USA

>> Reviewed by: Blalock, University of Kentucky, USA; C. ,

>> University of Florida, USA

>>

>> *Correspondence: Xinkun Wang, Higuchi Biosciences Center, The

>> University of Kansas, 2099 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA. e-mail:

>> xwang@...

>> Received December 1, 2009; Accepted March 11,

>> 2010.

>>

>> With regards

>> Lew

>>

>> On Sat, Apr 2, 2011 at 10:32 AM, Nickolas Schetakis <eftnow@...>wrote:

>>

>>> A friend has been diagnosed with P.P.A. (primary progressive aphasia)

>>> since

>>> last year and deteriorating rapidly, including the onset of chronic

>>> depression.

>>> Her family was looking into Hyperbonic Oxygen Therapy with I.V.

>>> glutathione administration at Dr. Pelmutter's Health Center.

>>> They are also looking into perispinal etanercept for the treatment of

>>> P.P.A.

>>> at I.N.R. (Institute for Neurological Research with Dr. Tobinick).

>>> Prior to this, I had suggested - after going back to some of my earlier

>>> research notes- a regimented nutritional supplementation ( ALA,

>>> Flavonoids,

>>> Carnosine, Turmeric extract, Glutathione and Trans- Resveratrol) to deal

>>> with TNF and TNF-Alpha, with the hypothesis that excess TNF may

>>> represent a

>>> possible therapeutic target in PPA.

>>> (Which would produce basically similar results to Dr. Tobinick's

>>> treatment approach of using etanercept - sold as Enbrel, an RA drug-

>>> consisting of an anti- TNF fusion protein, that reduces the biological

>>> effect of TNF by binding to it).

>>> My question is would Astaxanthin be recommended over

>>> Trans- Resveratrol?

>>> And would anyone have any other suggestions?

>>>

>>> Blessings to all

>>> Nick

>>>

>>> On Mon, Mar 28, 2011 at 4:36 AM, Lew Fong How <drfhlew@...> wrote:

>>>

>>> > *

>>> >

>>> > Astaxanthin

>>> >

>>>

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/11/23/astaxanthin-the-ey\

e-antioxidant-550-times-more-powerful-than-vitamin-e.aspx

>>> > *

>>> >

>>> > " … if you find yourself needing an x-ray or a *CT

>>> > scan*<

>>> >

>>>

http://emf.mercola.com/sites/emf/archive/2010/09/25/high-ct-scan-radiation-is-de\

adly.aspx

>>> > >,

>>> > you can gain some measure of protection from this radiation exposure by

>>> > taking 2-4 mg astaxanthin for several weeks prior to the scan.

>>> >

>>> > If you are planning to fly on an airplane, you are also exposed to

>>> massive

>>> > amounts of ionizing radiation, *especially if you fly during the

>>> > day*<

>>> >

>>>

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/01/02/How-Going-Through-\

Clouds-When-Flying-Increases-Your-Exposure-to-Radiation.aspx

>>> > >.

>>> > In this case, it would be wise to take a similar a dose of

>>> astaxanthin for

>>> > the few weeks preceding your trip. "

>>> >

>>> > Astaxanthin in Oxidative Stress and Prevention of Lipid

>>> Peroxidation.

>>> >

>>> > Astaxanthin has been claimed to be ten times more effective than beta

>>> > carotene and 100 times more effective than vitamin E in preventing

>>> lipid

>>> > peroxidation. Astaxanthin protects the cellular and mitochondrial

>>> membranes

>>> > and the ocular tissues against the photo-oxidative damage to DNA,

>>> involved

>>> > in AMD pathogenesis. Carotenoids can help protect the retina from

>>> oxidative

>>> > damage. The free radical scavenging activity of astaxanthin protects

>>> lipids

>>> > from peroxidation and reduces oxidative damage of LDL-cholesterol

>>> (thereby

>>> > reducing arterial plaque formation), cells, cell membranes,

>>> mitochondrial

>>> > membranes. Astaxanthin increases strength and endurance. Astaxanthin is

>>> one

>>> > of those important carotenoids and might be beneficial for nerve damage

>>> > associated with age-related macular degeneration. Astaxanthin may

>>> easily

>>> > cross the blood brain barrier and could have antioxidant effects in the

>>> > brain. Astaxanthin might exert beneficial effects in protection against

>>> > hypertension and stroke, and could improve memory in vascular dementia.

>>> > Astaxanthin has a peculiar chemical structure. Astaxanthin enhances the

>>> > cellular membranes stability as it locates crosswise inside them.

>>> >

>>> > As shown in the pictures , I have started collecting these

>>> nutriceuticals

>>> > one by one and these are kept in my emergency cabinet.

>>> >

>>> > With regards

>>> > Lew

>>> >

>>> > On Sun, Mar 27, 2011 at 11:43 PM, Duncan Crow <duncancrow@...>

>>> > wrote:

>>> >

>>> > >

>>> > > Hemolysis, whether from lauric acid or any other source, releases

>>> large

>>> > > amounts of iron, a potent promoter of oxidative stress through a

>>> reaction

>>> > > that yields hydroxyl radicals, the most damaging type of free

>>> radicals.

>>> > This

>>> > > is the type that causes the radiation sickness and accelerated aging

>>> in

>>> > > people who have undergone radiation therapy.

>>> > >

>>> > > If a person is taking coconut oil, extra antioxidants may be needed

>>> to

>>> > > quench the hydroxyl ions. Glutathione is the main antioxidant of

>>> hydroxyl

>>> > > ions; the precursor is in undenatured whey, which also contains

>>> ferritin,

>>> > > the purpose of which besides delivering glutathione precursors is to

>>> bind

>>> > > free iron in the body against this eventuality.

>>> > >

>>> > > This study, " Hydroxyl radical is produced via the Fenton reaction in

>>> > > submitochondrial particles under oxidative stress: implications for

>>> > diseases

>>> > > associated with iron accumulation " , points out, " The results indicate

>>> > that

>>> > > increased HO(*) levels occur in mitochondria under oxidative stress

>>> and

>>> > that

>>> > > the HO(*) levels can be modulated with antioxidant enzymes and iron

>>> > ligands.

>>> > > "

>>> > >

>>> > > ><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19490751>

>>> > >

>>> > > Oxidative stress is a severe lifespan shortener through accelerated

>>> > aging,

>>> > > and iron has been linked to many oxidative stress disorders.

>>> Performing

>>> > the

>>> > > search, iron " oxidative stress " hydroxyl, in PubMed will retrieve 519

>>> > > records.

>>> > >

>>> > > In " Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. "

>>> > >

>>> > > ><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21414382>

>>> > >

>>> > > " Disruption of metal ion homeostasis may lead to oxidative stress, a

>>> > state

>>> > > where increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms

>>> > body

>>> > > antioxidant protection and subsequently induces DNA damage, lipid

>>> > > peroxidation, protein modification and other effects, all symptomatic

>>> for

>>> > > numerous diseases, involving cancer, cardiovascular disease,

>>> diabetes,

>>> > > atherosclerosis, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease,

>>> Parkinson's

>>> > > disease), chronic inflammation and others. The underlying mechanism

>>> of

>>> > > action for all these metals involves formation of the superoxide

>>> radical,

>>> > > hydroxyl radical (mainly via Fenton reaction) and other ROS, finally

>>> > > producing mutagenic and carcinogenic malondialdehyde (MDA),

>>> > 4-hydroxynonenal

>>> > > (HNE) and other exocyclic DNA adducts. On the other hand, the redox

>>> > inactive

>>> > > metals, such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) show their

>>> toxic

>>> > > effects via bonding to sulphydryl groups of proteins and depletion of

>>> > > glutathione. "

>>> > >

>>> > > So, given that lauric acid lyses red blood cells as shown in the

>>> previous

>>> > > research, one should also be taking glutathione precursors to quench

>>> the

>>> > > oxidative stress, and the ligand (ferritin) to bind up any free iron.

>>> > High

>>> > > glutathione is an anti-aging tool anyway.

>>> > >

>>> > > all good,

>>> > >

>>> > > Duncan

>>> > >

>>> > > >

>>> > > > The following study shows lauric acid breaks down (lyses) red blood

>>> > cell

>>> > > walls in normal blood salt (normotonic) conditions for blood of

>>> humans

>>> > and

>>> > > two other animals. Hemolysis may be the reason some people have

>>> symptoms

>>> > > from coconut oil that are often attributed to the Herxheimer/Jarish

>>> > effect

>>> > > (AKA healing response); coocnut oil could be breaking down some of

>>> your

>>> > red

>>> > > blood cells.

>>> > > >

>>> > > > <

>>> > >

>>> >

>>>

http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=h009675m113g2463 & size=larges\

t

>>> > > >

>>> > >

>>> >

April 2, 2011

Thanks for the info on the pro and anti-oxidants.

Your most recent email (10 hours ago), did not include

an attachment though- re: Advance Physician Formulas/ Picture.

Kindly re-send when convenient.

Best regards,

Nick

On Sat, Apr 2, 2011 at 11:26 AM, Lew Fong How <drfhlew@...> wrote:

> Hello Nick,

> The staff from the out-patient clinic handed me the parcel sent via EMS

> from Advance Physician Formulas ( USA) today. The picture speaks for

> itself.

> With regards

> Lew

> On Sat, Apr 2, 2011 at 2:56 PM, Lew Fong How <drfhlew@...> wrote:

>

> >

> > Dear Nick,

> >

> > From your research notes , perhaps you may recall

> antioxidants

> > that are made in our cells include enzymes and Glutathione. Other

> essential

> > antioxidants such as Vitamin C, E, A and Selenium must come from our

> > diets.Some antioxidants that use their electrons to neutralize a free

> > radical becomes what is known as a pro-oxidant. Most pro-oxidants

> inducing

> > oxidative stress, qualify as free radicals. Increased numbers of these

> > result in cellular distress with release of Reactive Oxygen Species (

> ROS )

> > and nitro-oxidative stress ( RNS ) activating cell-signaling and

> > apoptosis.

> >

> > Studies show that different types of antioxidants can help

> each

> > other .For example, Once Vitamin E becomes a free radical itself, Vitamin

> C

> > can help Vitamin E to regenerate back into its Natural Antioxidant

> Form.By

> > helping Vitamin E, vitamin C becomes a free radical and can be

> regenerated

> > back into its natural form by the antioxidant Glutathione.Many of us may

> > have a problem taking high dosages of antioxidant supplements like

> ascorbic

> > acid or Vitamin C because of its ability to become a pro-oxidant. Alpha

> > lipoic Acid , in higher dosage, may result in a severe headache. The ALA

> > with you may contain the two types :

> >

> > 1. The R - Alpha lipoic Acid

> > 2..The S - Alpha lipoic Acid.

> >

> > I usually buy and prescribe the natural R- ALA with a 50

> mg

> > dosage. The S - ALA is synthetic and inert. Normal concentrations of

> > Vitamin C in your body are considered antioxidants, but in higher

> > concentrations this vitamin may become a Damaging Pro-oxidant.

> >

> > Astaxanthin is specifically an anti-oxidant and not a

> > pro-oxidant.

> >

> > I hope you and your friend can glean some clarification and information

> > from this article.

> >

> > Selective Neuronal Vulnerability ( SNV ) to Oxidative

> > Stress in the Brain

> >

> > http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2874397/

> >

> > Xinkun Wang1,2* and Elias K. is1,2

> > 1Higuchi Biosciences Center, The University of Kansas,

> Lawrence,

> > KS, USA

> > 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Kansas,

> > Lawrence, KS, USA

> >

> > Edited by: C. , University of Florida, USA

> > Reviewed by: Blalock, University of Kentucky, USA; C. ,

> > University of Florida, USA

> >

> > *Correspondence: Xinkun Wang, Higuchi Biosciences Center, The

> > University of Kansas, 2099 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA. e-mail:

> > xwang@...

> > Received December 1, 2009; Accepted March 11,

> > 2010.

> >

> > With regards

> > Lew

> >

> > On Sat, Apr 2, 2011 at 10:32 AM, Nickolas Schetakis <eftnow@...

> >wrote:

> >

> >> A friend has been diagnosed with P.P.A. (primary progressive aphasia)

> >> since

> >> last year and deteriorating rapidly, including the onset of chronic

> >> depression.

> >> Her family was looking into Hyperbonic Oxygen Therapy with I.V.

> >> glutathione administration at Dr. Pelmutter's Health Center.

> >> They are also looking into perispinal etanercept for the treatment of

> >> P.P.A.

> >> at I.N.R. (Institute for Neurological Research with Dr. Tobinick).

> >> Prior to this, I had suggested - after going back to some of my earlier

> >> research notes- a regimented nutritional supplementation ( ALA,

> >> Flavonoids,

> >> Carnosine, Turmeric extract, Glutathione and Trans- Resveratrol) to

> deal

> >> with TNF and TNF-Alpha, with the hypothesis that excess TNF may

> represent

> >> a

> >> possible therapeutic target in PPA.

> >> (Which would produce basically similar results to Dr. Tobinick's

> >> treatment approach of using etanercept - sold as Enbrel, an RA drug-

> >> consisting of an anti- TNF fusion protein, that reduces the biological

> >> effect of TNF by binding to it).

> >> My question is would Astaxanthin be recommended over

> >> Trans- Resveratrol?

> >> And would anyone have any other suggestions?

> >>

> >> Blessings to all

> >> Nick

> >>

> >> On Mon, Mar 28, 2011 at 4:36 AM, Lew Fong How <drfhlew@...>

> wrote:

> >>

> >> > *

> >> >

> >> > Astaxanthin

> >> >

> >>

>

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/11/23/astaxanthin-the-ey\

e-antioxidant-550-times-more-powerful-than-vitamin-e.aspx

> >> > *

> >> >

> >> > " … if you find yourself needing an x-ray or a *CT

> >> > scan*<

> >> >

> >>

>

http://emf.mercola.com/sites/emf/archive/2010/09/25/high-ct-scan-radiation-is-de\

adly.aspx

> >> > >,

> >> > you can gain some measure of protection from this radiation exposure

> by

> >> > taking 2-4 mg astaxanthin for several weeks prior to the scan.

> >> >

> >> > If you are planning to fly on an airplane, you are also exposed to

> >> massive

> >> > amounts of ionizing radiation, *especially if you fly during the

> >> > day*<

> >> >

> >>

>

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/01/02/How-Going-Through-\

Clouds-When-Flying-Increases-Your-Exposure-to-Radiation.aspx

> >> > >.

> >> > In this case, it would be wise to take a similar a dose of

> astaxanthin

> >> for

> >> > the few weeks preceding your trip. "

> >> >

> >> > Astaxanthin in Oxidative Stress and Prevention of Lipid

> Peroxidation.

> >> >

> >> > Astaxanthin has been claimed to be ten times more effective than beta

> >> > carotene and 100 times more effective than vitamin E in preventing

> lipid

> >> > peroxidation. Astaxanthin protects the cellular and mitochondrial

> >> membranes

> >> > and the ocular tissues against the photo-oxidative damage to DNA,

> >> involved

> >> > in AMD pathogenesis. Carotenoids can help protect the retina from

> >> oxidative

> >> > damage. The free radical scavenging activity of astaxanthin protects

> >> lipids

> >> > from peroxidation and reduces oxidative damage of LDL-cholesterol

> >> (thereby

> >> > reducing arterial plaque formation), cells, cell membranes,

> >> mitochondrial

> >> > membranes. Astaxanthin increases strength and endurance. Astaxanthin

> is

> >> one

> >> > of those important carotenoids and might be beneficial for nerve

> damage

> >> > associated with age-related macular degeneration. Astaxanthin may

> easily

> >> > cross the blood brain barrier and could have antioxidant effects in

> the

> >> > brain. Astaxanthin might exert beneficial effects in protection

> against

> >> > hypertension and stroke, and could improve memory in vascular

> dementia.

> >> > Astaxanthin has a peculiar chemical structure. Astaxanthin enhances

> the

> >> > cellular membranes stability as it locates crosswise inside them.

> >> >

> >> > As shown in the pictures , I have started collecting these

> >> nutriceuticals

> >> > one by one and these are kept in my emergency cabinet.

> >> >

> >> > With regards

> >> > Lew

> >> >

> >> > On Sun, Mar 27, 2011 at 11:43 PM, Duncan Crow <duncancrow@...>

> >> > wrote:

> >> >

> >> > >

> >> > > Hemolysis, whether from lauric acid or any other source, releases

> >> large

> >> > > amounts of iron, a potent promoter of oxidative stress through a

> >> reaction

> >> > > that yields hydroxyl radicals, the most damaging type of free

> >> radicals.

> >> > This

> >> > > is the type that causes the radiation sickness and accelerated aging

> >> in

> >> > > people who have undergone radiation therapy.

> >> > >

> >> > > If a person is taking coconut oil, extra antioxidants may be needed

> to

> >> > > quench the hydroxyl ions. Glutathione is the main antioxidant of

> >> hydroxyl

> >> > > ions; the precursor is in undenatured whey, which also contains

> >> ferritin,

> >> > > the purpose of which besides delivering glutathione precursors is to

> >> bind

> >> > > free iron in the body against this eventuality.

> >> > >

> >> > > This study, " Hydroxyl radical is produced via the Fenton reaction in

> >> > > submitochondrial particles under oxidative stress: implications for

> >> > diseases

> >> > > associated with iron accumulation " , points out, " The results

> indicate

> >> > that

> >> > > increased HO(*) levels occur in mitochondria under oxidative stress

> >> and

> >> > that

> >> > > the HO(*) levels can be modulated with antioxidant enzymes and iron

> >> > ligands.

> >> > > "

> >> > >

> >> > > ><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19490751>

> >> > >

> >> > > Oxidative stress is a severe lifespan shortener through accelerated

> >> > aging,

> >> > > and iron has been linked to many oxidative stress disorders.

> >> Performing

> >> > the

> >> > > search, iron " oxidative stress " hydroxyl, in PubMed will retrieve

> 519

> >> > > records.

> >> > >

> >> > > In " Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. "

> >> > >

> >> > > ><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21414382>

> >> > >

> >> > > " Disruption of metal ion homeostasis may lead to oxidative stress, a

> >> > state

> >> > > where increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)

> overwhelms

> >> > body

> >> > > antioxidant protection and subsequently induces DNA damage, lipid

> >> > > peroxidation, protein modification and other effects, all

> symptomatic

> >> for

> >> > > numerous diseases, involving cancer, cardiovascular disease,

> diabetes,

> >> > > atherosclerosis, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease,

> >> Parkinson's

> >> > > disease), chronic inflammation and others. The underlying mechanism

> of

> >> > > action for all these metals involves formation of the superoxide

> >> radical,

> >> > > hydroxyl radical (mainly via Fenton reaction) and other ROS, finally

> >> > > producing mutagenic and carcinogenic malondialdehyde (MDA),

> >> > 4-hydroxynonenal

> >> > > (HNE) and other exocyclic DNA adducts. On the other hand, the redox

> >> > inactive

> >> > > metals, such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) show their

> >> toxic

> >> > > effects via bonding to sulphydryl groups of proteins and depletion

> of

> >> > > glutathione. "

> >> > >

> >> > > So, given that lauric acid lyses red blood cells as shown in the

> >> previous

> >> > > research, one should also be taking glutathione precursors to quench

> >> the

> >> > > oxidative stress, and the ligand (ferritin) to bind up any free

> iron.

> >> > High

> >> > > glutathione is an anti-aging tool anyway.

> >> > >

> >> > > all good,

> >> > >

> >> > > Duncan

> >> > >

> >> > > >

> >> > > > The following study shows lauric acid breaks down (lyses) red

> blood

> >> > cell

> >> > > walls in normal blood salt (normotonic) conditions for blood of

> humans

> >> > and

> >> > > two other animals. Hemolysis may be the reason some people have

> >> symptoms

> >> > > from coconut oil that are often attributed to the Herxheimer/Jarish

> >> > effect

> >> > > (AKA healing response); coocnut oil could be breaking down some of

> >> your

> >> > red

> >> > > blood cells.

> >> > > >

> >> > > > <

> >> > >

> >> >

> >>

>

http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=h009675m113g2463 & size=larges\

t

> >> > > >

> >> > >

> >> >

April 2, 2011

Hi Lew, the page is ranked rather high in Google, #1 in a search on glutathione

references. As you probably know, search engine optimisation helps doesn't pull

rank in Google; content does. Here's major content:

http://tinyurl.com/glutathione-references

Yes, it's well known that the pathways leading to glutathione peridoxase

creation from precursor intake are reliable and rarely fail. What do you want to

discuss? I know quite a bit about provoking a glutathione increase; I've used

ozone therapy for about 10 years to briefly increase oxidative stress, which

provokes a huge glutathione response if the precursors are adequate.

I agree with low-dosing on the pigmented antioxidants. I'm not pursuing this

aspect of antioxidants though except in normal food, although I do drink some

huckleberry leaf tea. Here's some info on betacarotene accumulation including

astaxanthin. Research obviously knows it accumulates; what they don't know is

how much, how or why. Data may be scant but it exists.

><http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.158.6716 & rep=rep1 & typ\

e=pdf?>

So, low dosing it is

all good,

Duncan

April 3, 2011

Photos need to be uploaded to the Photos section as non-text attachments to

e-mails are stripped out. Just go to the group site and click on Photos in the

left hand panel and you will able to upload it. You can even upload an album of

photos if you like.

Best,

Dee

> > >> > > >

> > >> > > > The following study shows lauric acid breaks down (lyses) red

> > blood

> > >> > cell

> > >> > > walls in normal blood salt (normotonic) conditions for blood of

> > humans

> > >> > and

> > >> > > two other animals. Hemolysis may be the reason some people have

> > >> symptoms

> > >> > > from coconut oil that are often attributed to the Herxheimer/Jarish

> > >> > effect

> > >> > > (AKA healing response); coocnut oil could be breaking down some of

> > >> your

> > >> > red

> > >> > > blood cells.

> > >> > > >

> > >> > > > <

> > >> > >

> > >> >

> > >>

> >

http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=h009675m113g2463 & size=larges\

t

> > >> > > >

> > >> > >

> > >> >

Sign In

Re: VCO, RBC hemolysis and oxidative stress

Recommended Posts

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Guest guest

Link to comment

Share on other sites

Join the conversation

Activity