Exposure to formaldehyde, abstracts - SBS - MCS,Japan 2004 + Effect of exposure to volatile organic compounds on plasma levels of....

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1: J UOEH. 2004 Sep 1;26(3):337-48.

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[Exposure to formaldehyde during an anatomy dissecting course]

[Article in Japanese]

Kunugita N, Nakashima T, Kikuta A, Kawamoto T, Arashidani K.

Department of Health Information Science, School of Health Sciences, University

of Occupational and Environmental

Health, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.

Formaldehyde is a flammable, colorless and readily polymerized gas at ambient

temperature, and is one of the major

pollutants in indoor air. Medical students during their dissection course are

exposed to formaldehyde, whose exposure is

recently considered to be one of the causes of multiple chemical sensitivity.

To understand the system that produces

exposures and to plan for implementing control options, this study examined

formaldehyde exposures that occurred in the

gross anatomy laboratory. Formaldehyde in air was sampled by an active

2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)-silica gel

cartridge, extracted with acetonitrile and analyzed with an high performance

liquid chromatograph-ultraviolet(HPLC-

UV)detector. The geometric mean formaldehyde concentration was 20-93 ppb in the

anatomy laboratory before starting the

anatomy dissecting. After beginning the dissecting, however, the highest

geometric mean concentrations were 1012- 1380

ppb. Significant differences were observed during the exposed period for

symptoms of " unusual thirst " , " burning eyes " ,

" itchy eyes " , " bad feeling " , " fatigue " , etc. in comparison with the non-exposed

period. These results show that medical

schools should take more concrete measures to reduce exposure to formaldehyde.

PMID: 15471282 [PubMed - in process]

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1: Brain Res. 2004 Jul 2;1013(1):107-16.

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Effect of prolonged exposure to low concentrations of formaldehyde on the

corticotropin releasing hormone neurons in the

hypothalamus and adrenocorticotropic hormone cells in the pituitary gland in

female mice.

Sari DK, Kuwahara S, Tsukamoto Y, Hori H, Kunugita N, Arashidani K, Fujimaki H,

Sasaki F.

Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological

Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University,

Gakuen-cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan.

We examine the effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) axis of

prolonged exposure to low levels of

formaldehyde in female C3H/He mice, using immunocytochemical and RT-PCR

methods. Two groups of female mice were exposed

to differing concentrations (0, 80, 400, 2000 ppb) of formaldehyde inhalation

for 16 h/day, 5 days/week, for 12 weeks.

The corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)-immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the

hypothalamus were then examined, together

with the adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-ir cells and ACTH mRNA in the

pituitary. One group comprised sham control

mice. The other group was made allergic by injection of ovalbumin (OVA) and

alum prior to exposure to formaldehyde,

since most sick building syndrome (SBS) sufferers are women with allergic

disease. These animals were further exposed to

aerosolized OVA as a booster four times during the exposure period. Our results

showed a dose- dependent increase in the

number of CRH-ir neurons in the non-allergy (NAG) group. A similar pattern was

found in ACTH-ir cells and ACTH mRNA. The

allergy (AG) model group showed an increase in basal levels of all markers of

HPA activity. Moreover, the AG mice

appeared to respond to the lowest concentration of formaldehyde, and all

indices of HPA activity were reduced at the

highest concentrations of formaldehyde. These results relate to an important

clinical issue and also have implications

in the broader area of HPA regulation. We conclude that our experimental system

may be a suitable animal model for SBS

and/or multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS).

PMID: 15196973 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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1: Brain Res. 2004 May 8;1007(1-2):192-7.

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Long-term exposure to low levels of formaldehyde increases the number of

tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive

periglomerular cells in mouse main olfactory bulb.

Hayashi H, Kunugita N, Arashidani K, Fujimaki H, Ichikawa M.

Laboratory of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Basic Techniques and

Facilities, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for

Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 2-6,

Musashidai, Fuchu City, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan.

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) in response to a long-term low-level

chemical exposure is as yet an unclarified

disorder. To determine the role of olfactory function in the induction of MCS,

immunocytochemical analysis of the main

olfactory bulb (MOB) was performed after exposure of mice to low levels of

formaldehyde. A long-term exposure resulted

in an increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive

periglomerular cells and may affect the neuronal

function of the MOB.

PMID: 15064152 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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ct & list_uids=15031958

1: Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2004 Feb;207(2):159-63.

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Effect of exposure to volatile organic compounds on plasma levels of

neuropeptides, nerve growth factor and histamine in

patients with self-reported multiple chemical sensitivity.

Kimata H.

Department of Allergy, Ujitakeda Hospital, 24-1, Umonji, Uji, Uji-City, Kyoto

Prefecture, 611-0021, Japan.

unitikah@...

Plasma levels of substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide and nerve growth

factor, but not histamine, were elevated in

patients with self-reported multiple chemical sensitivity (sMCS). Exposure to

volatile organic compounds (VOC) increased

plasma levels of all parameters in these patients, while it had no effect in

normal subjects or patients with atopic

eczema/ dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). Exposure to VOC also enhanced skin wheal

responses induced by histamine in patients

with sMCS, while it failed to do so in normal or AEDS subjects. These results

indicate that exposure to VOC may enhance

neurogenic inflammation with concomitant enhancement of histamine-induced

responses.

PMID: 15031958 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]