CR in pregnancy

[Guest guest]

Hi All,

Should you practice CR during pregnancy? The below helps

us spell out the answer better, it seems to me.

Marmoset monkeys' CR pregnancy studies are described

in the below, which examined using diets in which the

animals appeared to have eaten 75% AL diets, that were

increased only in their protein %/weight of food.

For definition of monkey, see:

monkey

1. <zoology> In the most general sense,

any one of the Quadrumana, including apes,

baboons, and lemurs. Any species of

Quadrumana, except the lemurs.

Any one of numerous species of Quadrumana

(especially. Such as have a long tail and

prehensile feet) exclusive of apes and baboons.

The monkeys are often divided into three groups:

(a) Catarrhines, or Simidae. These have an

oblong head, with the oblique flat nostrils near

together. Some have no tail, as the apes. All

these are natives of the Old World. ( Platyrhines,

or Cebidae. These have a round head, with a broad

nasal septum, so that the nostrils are wide apart

and directed downward. The tail is often prehensile,

and the thumb is short and not opposable. These

are natives of the new World. © Strepsorhines, or

Lemuroidea. These have a pointed head with curved

nostrils. They are natives of Southern Asia, Africa,

and Madagascar.

Chimpanzees are an ape -- 1. <zoology> A quadrumanous

mammal, especially. Of the family Simiadae, having

teeth of the same number and form as in man, having

teeth of the same number and form as in man, and

possessing neither a tail nor cheek pouches. The

name is applied esp. To species of the genus Hylobates,

and is sometimes used as a general term for all

Quadrumana. The higher forms, the gorilla, chimpanzee,

and ourang, are often called anthropoid apes or man apes.

Chimpanzees are more closely related in terms of our

genes, but the characteristics of the rhesus monkeys'

behavior and pathology certainly do resemble those of

humans.

What about on CR? A good question in my

mind, this is, and true it is for their behavior, anyway.

The overall preganacies seem quite similar.

I take tend to let papers do the talking, and put

value in the implications of CR in animal studies

to the human condition. These studies are one

step down for me to the value of human CR

studies, for which we would be required to wait

too long.

Below, is the pdf-available paper's Medline extract.

Tardif S, Power M, Layne D, Smucny D, Ziegler T.

Energy restriction initiated at different gestational ages has

varying effects

on maternal weight gain and pregnancy outcome in common marmoset

monkeys

(Callithrix jacchus).

Br J Nutr. 2004 Nov;92(5):841-9.

PMID: 15533274 [PubMed - in process]

With relatively high fertility and short lifespan, marmoset

monkeys (Callithrix

jacchus) may become useful primate models of prenatal nutritional

effects on

birth condition and adult disease risk. The present study determined

the effects

of energy restriction to 75 % of expected ad libitum consumption

during mid-

(day 66) or late (day 99) gestation on maternal weight, fetal growth

and

pregnancy outcomes in this species. Mid-restriction reliably induced

the loss of

pregnancy before term, at 92 d, on average. Of the late-restricted

pregnancies,

four of seven were normal term length while three were preterm

deliveries, at

101, 117 and 132 d. Control females had a mean mid-pregnancy weight

gain of 0.67

g/d while mid-restricted females lost -0.65 g/d, on average. Control

pregnancies

averaged a 1.06 g/d gain during late pregnancy, while energy-

restricted females

lost -0.67 g/d, on average. Restriction-related weight change was

highly

variable, ranging from +0.55 to -2.56 g/d for mid-restriction

pregnancies and

from +0.79 to -3.91 g/d for late-restriction pregnancies. For mid-

restriction

pregnancies, the number of restriction days was best explained by

linear weight

change and total weight loss while the number of restriction days in

late

pregnancy was best explained by linear weight change alone. In late-

restriction

pregnancies, smaller females had higher daily weight losses.

Restrictions did

not induce litter-size reduction or growth restriction in those

infants that

were delivered at term but the size of aborted fetuses suggested that

at least

some pregnancies lost preterm may have involved impaired intra-

uterine growth.

Al Pater