CR and short-term mortality

[Guest guest]

Hi All,

This seems to be a paper that is pdf-available and says that CR

does not

work in humans. The use of a prospective study was good, but the

study

was too short-term for my preferences.

What I found to be most peculiar in the pdf was that in Table

4 the following data were presented for men for increasing quartiles

of

energy intakes.

Energy intake (mean kcal/day, with range in parenthesis)

1748 (570–2043) 2229 (2043–2414) 2621 (2415–2859) 3377 (2859–8304)

BMI (kg m^2)

26.8 26.3 26.1 26.0

Prior history of cancer, DM, MI or stroke (%)

21.7 14.5 11.9 9.6

Physical activity score

7580 8073 8568 9205

They ate increasing to a total of 4% more fat and decreasing to

2% less each of carbohydrates and protein with increasing quartiles

of energy. No change in fruit and vegetable consumption occurred.

For women, the same things were seen, with even a 1.2 BMI drop

from low to high calorie intake.

Did the subjects have an underlying condition that wasted their

energy, such as undetected cancer? Other studies have found

that, when the greater mortality in the short-term follow-up are

excluded the subjects live longer instead. The

above numbers suggest to me that this is true.

Now, here is the abstract below.

J Intern Med. 2004 Dec;256(6):499-509.

The association between total energy intake and early mortality:

data from the

Malmo Diet and Cancer Study.

Leosdottir M, Nilsson P, Nilsson JA, Mansson H, Berglund G.

... In animal studies, low energy

intake (EI) has been associated with a longer lifespan. We examine

whether EI is

an independent risk factor for prospective all-cause mortality,

cardiovascular

and cancer mortality in humans. Design. Population-based, prospective

cohort

study. ... 28 098 individuals, mean

age 58.2 years, completed questionnaires on diet and life-style and

attended a

physical examination ... mean follow-up time of

6.6 years. Subjects were categorized by quartiles of total EI. The

first

quartile was used as a reference point in estimating multivariate

relative risks

(RR; 95% CI, 's regression model). Adjustments were made for

confounding by

age and various life-style factors. Results. The lowest total

mortality was

observed for women in the third quartile (RR: 0.74; CI: 0.57-0.96)

and for men

in the second and third quartiles (RR: 0.85; CI: 0.69-1.04 and RR:

0.85; CI:

0.69-1.04 respectively). Similar U-shaped patterns were observed for

cardiovascular mortality amongst women and cancer mortality amongst

men. A

statistically significant trend (P = 0.029) towards lower

cardiovascular

mortality from the first to the fourth quartile was observed for men.

Conclusions. Low caloric consumers did, on average, not have lower

mortality

than average or high caloric consumers. Generally, individuals

approximately

meeting national recommendations for total EI had the lowest

mortality. For men,

high caloric intake was associated with lower cardiovascular

mortality.

PMID: 15554951 [PubMed - in process]

Cheers, Alan Pater