Re: 10% CR increases longevity - energy expenditure

[Guest guest]

Here's the full text on an animal I think is closer:

http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/88/1/16

"DR induced a 17% lower total energy expenditure that was attributable to a 20% decrease in REE without changes in the nonbasal energy expenditure. Adjusted for fat-free mass, REE was 13% lower with DR (-250 kJ/d). "

"By performing a statistically suitable and uniform adjustment of metabolic rates on the previously published DR experiments in humans, monkeys, and rodents, we observed that the variability in TEE response to DR often hides significant changes in REE that are independent of FFM (-196 ± 71 kJ/d). "

Diet

The monkeys are fed a defined, pelleted diet (no. 85387, Teklad Co., Madison, WI) containing 15% lactalbumin, 10% corn oil, and approximately 65% carbohydrate. Details about the diet were previously published (24). Food is provided in the morning and removed 6–8 h later. At this time, any spillage or food remaining is weighed, and the animals are given a piece of fresh fruit. "

Ramsey JJ, Colman RJ, Binkley NC, Christensen JD, Gresl TA, Kemnitz JW, Weindruch R 2000 Dietary restriction and aging in rhesus monkeys: the University of Wisconsin Study. Exp Gerontol 35:1131–1149[CrossRef][Medline]

http://tinyurl.com/c48vh

Regards.

----- Original Message -----

From: citpeks

Sent: Wednesday, May 18, 2005 9:11 AM

Subject: [ ] 10% CR increases longevity even when started in adulthood.

.... and macronutrient composition doesn't seem to matter. Al Paterfound this abstract.==============Obes Res. 2005 Apr;13(4):693-702. Intentional weight loss reduces mortality rate in a rodent modelof dietary obesity. Vasselli JR, Weindruch R, Heymsfield SB, Pi-Sunyer FX, Boozer CN,Yi N, Wang C, Pietrobelli A, DB. Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama, Ryals PublicHealth Building, Room 327, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham,Alabama 35294-0022. Dallison@.... OBJECTIVE: We used a rodent model of dietary obesity to evaluateeffects of caloric restriction-induced weight loss on mortality rate.Research Measures and Procedures: In a randomized parallel-groupsdesign, 312 outbred Sprague-Dawley rats (one-half males) were assignedat age 10 weeks to one of three diets: low fat (LF; 18.7% calories asfat) with caloric intake adjusted to maintain body weight 10% belowthat for ad libitum (AL)-fed rat food, high fat (HF; 45% calories asfat) fed at the same level, or HF fed AL. At age 46 weeks, thelightest one-third of the AL group was discarded to ensure a moreobese group; the remaining animals were randomly assigned to one ofthree diets: HF-AL, HF with energy restricted to produce body weightsof animals restricted on the HF diet throughout life, or LF withenergy restricted to produce the body weights of animals restricted onthe LF diet throughout life. Life span, body weight, and leptin levelswere measured. RESULTS: Animals restricted throughout life lived thelongest (p < 0.001). Life span was not different among animals thathad been obese and then lost weight and animals that had been nonobesethroughout life (p = 0.18). Animals that were obese and lost weightlived substantially longer than animals that remained obese throughoutlife (p = 0.002). Diet composition had no effect on life span (p =0.52). DISCUSSION: Weight loss after the onset of obesity duringadulthood leads to a substantial increase in longevity in rats. PMID: 15897478

[Guest guest]

Hi JW:

An important detail in the first study you list is the following:

" This longitudinal study was initiated in 1989 with a cohort of 30

male rhesus monkeys (8–14 yr of age) divided into a group of control

monkeys allowed ad libitum access to food and a group of monkeys

provided with approximately 30% less food than the controls. "

So these monkeys were first restricted at the human-equivalent age of

20 to 30 (approximately???). Not after weaning, or puberty or

whatever. An important detail.

But, a bit confusing it also says: " Twenty-four monkeys with a mean

age of 20.3 ± 0.3 yr were studied. Of these 24 animals, 12 were in

the DR group, and 12 were in the control group. " I suppose this

means that the monkeys' average age at the time of the study was

20.3?

If their average age in 1989 was ~11 years, then they would have

gotten to be ~26 years old (average age at death of non-restricted

captive monkeys) in 2004.

So can anyone tell us how many of the non-restricted monkeys have

died so far, and how many of those on CR? (Hopefully the latter

number is much smaller than the former!) The fact we haven't heard

about this (so far as I know) makes me wonder why we haven't heard,

and what the numbers are!

Has anyone here heard these numbers yet?

Rodney.

--- In , " jwwright " <jwwright@e...>

wrote:

> Here's the full text on an animal I think is closer:

> http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/88/1/16

>

> " DR induced a 17% lower total energy expenditure that was

attributable to a 20% decrease in REE without changes in the nonbasal

energy expenditure. Adjusted for fat-free mass, REE was 13% lower

with DR (-250 kJ/d). "

> " By performing a statistically suitable and uniform adjustment of

metabolic rates on the previously published DR experiments in humans,

monkeys, and rodents, we observed that the variability in TEE

response to DR often hides significant changes in REE that are

independent of FFM (-196 ± 71 kJ/d). "

>

> Diet

>

> The monkeys are fed a defined, pelleted diet (no. 85387, Teklad

Co., Madison, WI) containing 15% lactalbumin, 10% corn oil, and

approximately 65% carbohydrate. Details about the diet were

previously published (24). Food is provided in the morning and

removed 6-8 h later. At this time, any spillage or food remaining is

weighed, and the animals are given a piece of fresh fruit. "

>

> 24.. Ramsey JJ, Colman RJ, Binkley NC, Christensen JD, Gresl TA,

Kemnitz JW, Weindruch R 2000 Dietary restriction and aging in rhesus

monkeys: the University of Wisconsin Study. Exp Gerontol 35:1131-1149

[CrossRef][Medline]

> http://tinyurl.com/c48vh

>

> Regards.

>

>

>

> ----- Original Message -----

> From: citpeks

>

> Sent: Wednesday, May 18, 2005 9:11 AM

> Subject: [ ] 10% CR increases longevity even when

started in adulthood.

>

>

> ... and macronutrient composition doesn't seem to matter. Al

Pater

> found this abstract.

>

> ==============

> Obes Res. 2005 Apr;13(4):693-702.

> Intentional weight loss reduces mortality rate in a rodent

model

> of dietary obesity.

> Vasselli JR, Weindruch R, Heymsfield SB, Pi-Sunyer FX, Boozer

CN,

> Yi N, Wang C, Pietrobelli A, DB.

> Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama, Ryals

Public

> Health Building, Room 327, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham,

> Alabama 35294-0022. Dallison@m...

>

> OBJECTIVE: We used a rodent model of dietary obesity to

evaluate

> effects of caloric restriction-induced weight loss on mortality

rate.

> Research Measures and Procedures: In a randomized parallel-groups

> design, 312 outbred Sprague-Dawley rats (one-half males) were

assigned

> at age 10 weeks to one of three diets: low fat (LF; 18.7%

calories as

> fat) with caloric intake adjusted to maintain body weight 10%

below

> that for ad libitum (AL)-fed rat food, high fat (HF; 45% calories

as

> fat) fed at the same level, or HF fed AL. At age 46 weeks, the

> lightest one-third of the AL group was discarded to ensure a more

> obese group; the remaining animals were randomly assigned to one

of

> three diets: HF-AL, HF with energy restricted to produce body

weights

> of animals restricted on the HF diet throughout life, or LF with

> energy restricted to produce the body weights of animals

restricted on

> the LF diet throughout life. Life span, body weight, and leptin

levels

> were measured. RESULTS: Animals restricted throughout life lived

the

> longest (p < 0.001). Life span was not different among animals

that

> had been obese and then lost weight and animals that had been

nonobese

> throughout life (p = 0.18). Animals that were obese and lost

weight

> lived substantially longer than animals that remained obese

throughout

> life (p = 0.002). Diet composition had no effect on life span (p =

> 0.52). DISCUSSION: Weight loss after the onset of obesity during

> adulthood leads to a substantial increase in longevity in rats.

>

> PMID: 15897478

[Guest guest]

perhaps:

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dale Schoeller, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Nutritional Sciences, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1571. E-mail: dschoell@...

..

Also:

J Med Primatol. 2005 Jun;34(3):130-8.

Assessment of nutritional status in rhesus monkeys: comparison of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and stable isotope dilution.Blanc S, Colman R, Kemnitz J, Weindruch R, Baum S, Ramsey J, Schoeller D.Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.Body composition estimates from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and stable isotope dilution ((2)H and (18)O) were compared in 61 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) from the ongoing long-term energy restriction study at the University of Wisconsin. Their average age was 18.9 +/- 2.5 y/o. Of the animals, 51% were in the energy restricted group and 38% were females. Although the correlation between methods was highly significant for fat mass (R(2) = 0.97, SEE = 0.25 kg or 7.5%, P < 0.0001) and fat-free mass (R(2) = 0.98, SEE = 0.29 kg or 3.6%, P < 0.0001), we observed that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry underestimated fat mass by 0.67 +/- 0.26 kg (7.5%, P < 0.0001) and overestimated fat-free mass by 0.57 +/- 0.29 kg (20%, P < 0.0001) when compared with isotope dilution. Taken together with data from the literature, the present results emphasize the usefulness of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to derive body composition and thus nutritional status in monkeys, but demonstrate the importance of validation experiments for a given DXA model and software.PMID: 15860121

----- Original Message -----

From: Rodney

Sent: Thursday, May 19, 2005 11:37 AM

Subject: [ ] Re: 10% CR increases longevity - energy expenditure

Hi JW:An important detail in the first study you list is the following:"This longitudinal study was initiated in 1989 with a cohort of 30 male rhesus monkeys (8–14 yr of age) divided into a group of control monkeys allowed ad libitum access to food and a group of monkeys provided with approximately 30% less food than the controls." So these monkeys were first restricted at the human-equivalent age of 20 to 30 (approximately???). Not after weaning, or puberty or whatever. An important detail.But, a bit confusing it also says: "Twenty-four monkeys with a mean age of 20.3 ± 0.3 yr were studied. Of these 24 animals, 12 were in the DR group, and 12 were in the control group." I suppose this means that the monkeys' average age at the time of the study was 20.3? If their average age in 1989 was ~11 years, then they would have gotten to be ~26 years old (average age at death of non-restricted captive monkeys) in 2004.So can anyone tell us how many of the non-restricted monkeys have died so far, and how many of those on CR? (Hopefully the latter number is much smaller than the former!) The fact we haven't heard about this (so far as I know) makes me wonder why we haven't heard, and what the numbers are!Has anyone here heard these numbers yet?Rodney.

[Guest guest]

Hi All,

See the below, which should be free full-text-available.

It seems to show the effects of CR on energy expenditure adjusted for the body

weights, which should be what is important.

Masoro EJ, Yu BP, Bertrand HA.

Action of food restriction in delaying the aging process.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jul;79(13):4239-41.

PMID: 6955798

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=pubmed & dopt=Abstra\

ct & list_uids=6955798 & query_hl=29

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=346614 & blobtype=pdf

Table 1. Food intake from age 6 weeks to the end of the mean length of life of

groups A and R rats*

--------------------------------------

---------------Ad lib group A---CR group R

--------------------------------------

Age range, mo----Mean food intake* kcal/day Mean body wt**, g Food intake/g body

wt,

kcal/g/day---Mean food intake* kcal/day Mean body wt**, g Food intake/g body wt,

kcal/g/day

-----------------------------------------

1.5-2----41.4 142 0.29---26.2 109 0.24

22-23----59.4 488 0.12---39.0 301 0.13

32-33----Dead Dead Dead---39.0 292 0.13

-----------------------------

*The number of group A rats was 115 at 1.5 mo, 114 at 6 mo, 114 at 12 mo, 102 at

18

mo, and 64 at the end of the mean length of life (701 days); the number of group

R

rats was 115 at 1.5 mo, 115 at 6 mo, 110 at 12 mo, 105 at 18 mo, 98 at 24 dio,

81 at

30 mo, and 69 at the end of the mean length of life (986 days).

* Mean food intake for group A rats was determined as follows: Food intake was

measured for 3 or 4 days in rotating groups of 40 rats. This measurement was

made

continuously throughout the month. The mean monthly food intake per rat was

calculated from the data collected in this way during that month.

** Mean body weight (wt) was assumed to change in a linear fashion between 1.5

and 2

mo, 2 and 3 mo, 3 and 4 mo, 4 and 6 mo, 6 and 12 mo, 12 and 18 mo, 18 and 24 mo,

24

and 30 mo, and 30 and 36 mo. Random checks of the raw data establish this

assumption

to be sufficiently correct for our purposes.

--- jwwright <jwwright@...> wrote:

> Here's the full text on an animal I think is closer:

> http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/88/1/16

>

> " DR induced a 17% lower total energy expenditure that was attributable to a

20%

> decrease in REE without changes in the nonbasal energy expenditure. Adjusted

for

> fat-free mass, REE was 13% lower with DR (-250 kJ/d). "

> " By performing a statistically suitable and uniform adjustment of metabolic

rates

> on the previously published DR experiments in humans, monkeys, and rodents, we

> observed that the variability in TEE response to DR often hides significant

> changes in REE that are independent of FFM (-196 ± 71 kJ/d). "

>

> Diet

>

> The monkeys are fed a defined, pelleted diet (no. 85387, Teklad Co., Madison,

WI)

> containing 15% lactalbumin, 10% corn oil, and approximately 65% carbohydrate.

> Details about the diet were previously published (24). Food is provided in the

> morning and removed 6-8 h later. At this time, any spillage or food remaining

is

> weighed, and the animals are given a piece of fresh fruit. "

>

> 24.. Ramsey JJ, Colman RJ, Binkley NC, Christensen JD, Gresl TA, Kemnitz JW,

> Weindruch R 2000 Dietary restriction and aging in rhesus monkeys: the

University

> of Wisconsin Study. Exp Gerontol 35:1131-1149[CrossRef][Medline]

> http://tinyurl.com/c48vh

>

> Regards.

>

>

>

> ----- Original Message -----

> From: citpeks

>

> Sent: Wednesday, May 18, 2005 9:11 AM

> Subject: [ ] 10% CR increases longevity even when started in

> adulthood.

>

>

> ... and macronutrient composition doesn't seem to matter. Al Pater

> found this abstract.

>

> ==============

> Obes Res. 2005 Apr;13(4):693-702.

> Intentional weight loss reduces mortality rate in a rodent model

> of dietary obesity.

> Vasselli JR, Weindruch R, Heymsfield SB, Pi-Sunyer FX, Boozer CN,

> Yi N, Wang C, Pietrobelli A, DB.

> Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama, Ryals Public

> Health Building, Room 327, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham,

> Alabama 35294-0022. Dallison@....

>

> OBJECTIVE: We used a rodent model of dietary obesity to evaluate

> effects of caloric restriction-induced weight loss on mortality rate.

> Research Measures and Procedures: In a randomized parallel-groups

> design, 312 outbred Sprague-Dawley rats (one-half males) were assigned

> at age 10 weeks to one of three diets: low fat (LF; 18.7% calories as

> fat) with caloric intake adjusted to maintain body weight 10% below

> that for ad libitum (AL)-fed rat food, high fat (HF; 45% calories as

> fat) fed at the same level, or HF fed AL. At age 46 weeks, the

> lightest one-third of the AL group was discarded to ensure a more

> obese group; the remaining animals were randomly assigned to one of

> three diets: HF-AL, HF with energy restricted to produce body weights

> of animals restricted on the HF diet throughout life, or LF with

> energy restricted to produce the body weights of animals restricted on

> the LF diet throughout life. Life span, body weight, and leptin levels

> were measured. RESULTS: Animals restricted throughout life lived the

> longest (p < 0.001). Life span was not different among animals that

> had been obese and then lost weight and animals that had been nonobese

> throughout life (p = 0.18). Animals that were obese and lost weight

> lived substantially longer than animals that remained obese throughout

> life (p = 0.002). Diet composition had no effect on life span (p =

> 0.52). DISCUSSION: Weight loss after the onset of obesity during

> adulthood leads to a substantial increase in longevity in rats.

>

> PMID: 15897478

>

Al Pater, PhD; email: old542000@...

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[Guest guest]

Hi All,

Another indication may be:

" ... we initiated a study in 1989 to investigate the effects of a 30% DR in 30

adult

male rhesus monkeys ... animals will reach the average lifespan (approximately

26

years) ... PMID: 11113597

2015?

--- jwwright <jwwright@...> wrote:

> perhaps:

> Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dale Schoeller,

> University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Nutritional Sciences, 1415

Linden

> Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1571. E-mail: dschoell@... .

>

> Also:

>

> J Med Primatol. 2005 Jun;34(3):130-8.

>

>

>

> Assessment of nutritional status in rhesus monkeys: comparison of dual-energy

> X-ray absorptiometry and stable isotope dilution.

>

> Blanc S, Colman R, Kemnitz J, Weindruch R, Baum S, Ramsey J, Schoeller D.

>

> Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison,

WI,

> USA.

>

> Body composition estimates from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and stable

> isotope dilution ((2)H and (18)O) were compared in 61 rhesus monkeys (Macaca

> mulatta) from the ongoing long-term energy restriction study at the University

of

> Wisconsin. Their average age was 18.9 +/- 2.5 y/o. Of the animals, 51% were in

the

> energy restricted group and 38% were females. Although the correlation between

> methods was highly significant for fat mass (R(2) = 0.97, SEE = 0.25 kg or

7.5%, P

> < 0.0001) and fat-free mass (R(2) = 0.98, SEE = 0.29 kg or 3.6%, P < 0.0001),

we

> observed that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry underestimated fat mass by 0.67

+/-

> 0.26 kg (7.5%, P < 0.0001) and overestimated fat-free mass by 0.57 +/- 0.29 kg

> (20%, P < 0.0001) when compared with isotope dilution. Taken together with

data

> from the literature, the present results emphasize the usefulness of

dual-energy

> X-ray absorptiometry to derive body composition and thus nutritional status in

> monkeys, but demonstrate the importance of validation experiments for a given

DXA

> model and software.

>

> PMID: 15860121

> ----- Original Message -----

> From: Rodney

>

> Sent: Thursday, May 19, 2005 11:37 AM

> Subject: [ ] Re: 10% CR increases longevity - energy

expenditure

>

>

> Hi JW:

>

> An important detail in the first study you list is the following:

>

> " This longitudinal study was initiated in 1989 with a cohort of 30

> male rhesus monkeys (8-14 yr of age) divided into a group of control

> monkeys allowed ad libitum access to food and a group of monkeys

> provided with approximately 30% less food than the controls. "

>

> So these monkeys were first restricted at the human-equivalent age of

> 20 to 30 (approximately???). Not after weaning, or puberty or

> whatever. An important detail.

>

> But, a bit confusing it also says: " Twenty-four monkeys with a mean

> age of 20.3 ± 0.3 yr were studied. Of these 24 animals, 12 were in

> the DR group, and 12 were in the control group. " I suppose this

> means that the monkeys' average age at the time of the study was

> 20.3?

>

> If their average age in 1989 was ~11 years, then they would have

> gotten to be ~26 years old (average age at death of non-restricted

> captive monkeys) in 2004.

>

> So can anyone tell us how many of the non-restricted monkeys have

> died so far, and how many of those on CR? (Hopefully the latter

> number is much smaller than the former!) The fact we haven't heard

> about this (so far as I know) makes me wonder why we haven't heard,

> and what the numbers are!

>

> Has anyone here heard these numbers yet?

>

> Rodney.

>

Al Pater, PhD; email: old542000@...

__________________________________________________

[Guest guest]

Hi Al:

I don't think so. It says the monkeys were eight to fourteen years

of age when the study started in 1989.

Rodney.

> > perhaps:

> > Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dale

Schoeller,

> > University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Nutritional

Sciences, 1415 Linden

> > Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1571. E-mail: dschoell@n... .

> >

> > Also:

> >

> > J Med Primatol. 2005 Jun;34(3):130-8.

> >

> >

> >

> > Assessment of nutritional status in rhesus monkeys: comparison of

dual-energy

> > X-ray absorptiometry and stable isotope dilution.

> >

> > Blanc S, Colman R, Kemnitz J, Weindruch R, Baum S, Ramsey J,

Schoeller D.

> >

> > Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-

Madison, Madison, WI,

> > USA.

> >

> > Body composition estimates from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

and stable

> > isotope dilution ((2)H and (18)O) were compared in 61 rhesus

monkeys (Macaca

> > mulatta) from the ongoing long-term energy restriction study at

the University of

> > Wisconsin. Their average age was 18.9 +/- 2.5 y/o. Of the

animals, 51% were in the

> > energy restricted group and 38% were females. Although the

correlation between

> > methods was highly significant for fat mass (R(2) = 0.97, SEE =

0.25 kg or 7.5%, P

> > < 0.0001) and fat-free mass (R(2) = 0.98, SEE = 0.29 kg or 3.6%,

P < 0.0001), we

> > observed that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry underestimated fat

mass by 0.67 +/-

> > 0.26 kg (7.5%, P < 0.0001) and overestimated fat-free mass by

0.57 +/- 0.29 kg

> > (20%, P < 0.0001) when compared with isotope dilution. Taken

together with data

> > from the literature, the present results emphasize the usefulness

of dual-energy

> > X-ray absorptiometry to derive body composition and thus

nutritional status in

> > monkeys, but demonstrate the importance of validation experiments

for a given DXA

> > model and software.

> >

> > PMID: 15860121

> > ----- Original Message -----

> > From: Rodney

> >

> > Sent: Thursday, May 19, 2005 11:37 AM

> > Subject: [ ] Re: 10% CR increases longevity -

energy expenditure

> >

> >

> > Hi JW:

> >

> > An important detail in the first study you list is the

following:

> >

> > " This longitudinal study was initiated in 1989 with a cohort of

30

> > male rhesus monkeys (8-14 yr of age) divided into a group of

control

> > monkeys allowed ad libitum access to food and a group of

monkeys

> > provided with approximately 30% less food than the controls. "

> >

> > So these monkeys were first restricted at the human-equivalent

age of

> > 20 to 30 (approximately???). Not after weaning, or puberty or

> > whatever. An important detail.

> >

> > But, a bit confusing it also says: " Twenty-four monkeys with a

mean

> > age of 20.3 ± 0.3 yr were studied. Of these 24 animals, 12 were

in

> > the DR group, and 12 were in the control group. " I suppose

this

> > means that the monkeys' average age at the time of the study

was

> > 20.3?

> >

> > If their average age in 1989 was ~11 years, then they would

have

> > gotten to be ~26 years old (average age at death of non-

restricted

> > captive monkeys) in 2004.

> >

> > So can anyone tell us how many of the non-restricted monkeys

have

> > died so far, and how many of those on CR? (Hopefully the

latter

> > number is much smaller than the former!) The fact we haven't

heard

> > about this (so far as I know) makes me wonder why we haven't

heard,

> > and what the numbers are!

> >

> > Has anyone here heard these numbers yet?

> >

> > Rodney.

> >

>

> Al Pater, PhD; email: old542000@y...

>

> __________________________________________________

>