Low-fat milk increases prostate cancer?

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Hi All,

It surprised that:

" Compared with men in the lowest tertile for dairy food intake, men in the

highest

tertile had a relative risk (RR) of 2.2 (95% CI: 1.2, 3.9; trend P = 0.05).

Low-fat

milk was associated with increased risk (RR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1, 2.2; third

compared

with first tertile; trend P = 0.02), but whole milk was not (RR = 0.8; 95% CI:

0.5,

1.3; third compared with first tertile; trend P = 0.35). Dietary calcium was

also

strongly associated with increased risk (RR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.5; third

compared

with first tertile; trend P = 0.001). After adjustment for calcium intake,

neither

vitamin D nor phosphorus was clearly associated with risk. "

See the Medline abstract citation and the corrupted pdf okay HTML available

paper

excerpts below.

From the Table 2, it seemed that there was no negative affect of cottage cheese,

ice

cream and yogurt, which have different fat contents.

Table 3 was surprising in its, among other things, showing that the risk for

prostate cancer was associated only with low-fat milk and its contribution to

calcium.

Tseng M, Breslow RA, Graubard BI, Ziegler RG.

Dairy, calcium, and vitamin D intakes and prostate cancer risk in the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Epidemiologic Follow-up Study cohort.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 May;81(5):1147-54.

PMID: 15883441

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=pubmed & dopt=Abstra\

ct & list_uids=15883441

.... TABLE 2 Adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% CIs for prostate

cancer by

tertile of dairy food intake for 3612 adult male participants in the National

Health

Examination Follow-up Study followed from 1982–1984 to 1992

--------------------------------------

--------Median intake Cases Person-years Minimal model RR (95% CI)1 Full model

RR

(95% CI)2

---------------------------------------

Dairy servings/wk n

Tertile 1 5 32 9402 1.0 1.0

Tertile 2 11 38 9642 1.2 (0.7, 2.0) 1.1 (0.7, 1.9)

Tertile 3 21 61 8770 2.3 (1.3, 4.2) 2.2 (1.2, 3.9)

P for trend3 0.003 0.05

Total milk

Tertile 1 0.5 34 9894 1.0 1.0

Tertile 2 7 47 10 415 1.2 (0.7, 2.0) 1.1 (0.7, 1.8)

Tertile 3 14 50 7505 1.9 (1.2, 3.2) 1.8 (1.1, 2.9)

P for trend 0.01 0.03

Low-fat milk

Tertile 1 0 58 13 220 1.0 1.0

Tertile 2 1 15 5349 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) 0.9 (0.5, 1.6)

Tertile 3 7 58 9245 1.6 (1.2, 2.2) 1.5 (1.1, 2.2)

P for trend 0.002 0.02

Whole milk

Tertile 1 0 69 13 092 1.0 1.0

Tertile 2 1 21 5849 0.9 (0.5, 1.5) 0.9 (0.5, 1.7)

Tertile 3 7 41 8873 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) 0.8 (0.5, 1.3)

P for trend 0.30 0.35

Cheese

Tertile 1 0.25 44 7345 1.0 1.0

Tertile 2 1 50 11 867 1.0 (0.6, 1.5) 1.0 (0.7, 1.5)

Tertile 3 4 37 8602 1.1 (0.6, 1.9) 1.1 (0.6, 1.9)

P for trend 0.70 0.76

Ice cream

Tertile 1 0.1 42 8638 1.0 1.0

Tertile 2 1.0 33 8851 0.9 (0.6, 1.5) 0.9 (0.6, 1.5)

Tertile 3 3.0 56 10 325 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) 1.0 (0.7, 1.5)

P for trend 0.86 0.96

Cottage cheese

Tertile 1 0 54 10 993 1.0 1.0

Tertile 2 0.3 19 6744 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) 0.6 (0.4, 1.1)

Tertile 3 1 58 10 077 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) 1.2 (0.8, 1.8)

P for trend 0.10 0.11

Cream

no 0 101 18 775 1.0 1.0

yes 0.5 30 9039 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) 0.9 (0.6, 1.3)

Yogurt

no 0 113 23 023 1.0 1.0

yes 0.25 18 4791 1.1 (0.6, 1.9) 1.0 (0.6, 1.9)

----------------------------------------

1 Adjusted for age, race, energy intake, and design variables.

2 Additionally adjusted for US region; rural, urban, or suburban residence;

education; recreational sun exposure; recreational and usual level of physical

activity; smoking status; and current alcohol intake.

3 Obtained by including in the model a variable representing the median value

for

each tertile.

.... TABLE 3 Adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% CIs for prostate

cancer by

tertile of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D intake for 3612 adult male

participants in the National Health Examination Follow-up Study followed from

1982–1984 to 1992

-------------------------------------------

----------------Median intake1 (mg/d or IU/d) Cases (n) Person-years Minimal

model

RR (95% CI)2 Full model RR (95% CI)3 Full model + calcium RR (95% CI)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Calcium

Tertile 1 455.4 28 9418 1.0 1.0 —

Tertile 2 642.1 37 9268 1.1 (0.7, 1.8) 1.0 (0.6, 1.7)

Tertile 3 920.6 66 9128 2.4 (1.5, 3.9) 2.2 (1.4, 3.5)

P for trend4 <0.001 0.001

Calcium from low-fat milk —

Tertile 1 0 31 9294 1.0 1.0

Tertile 2 8.5 43 9232 1.2 (0.7, 2.1) 1.2 (0.7, 2.1)

Tertile 3 264.9 57 9288 1.8 (1.2, 2.6) 1.7 (1.1, 2.6)

P for trend 0.004 0.02

Calcium from whole milk —

Tertile 1 0 45 9463 1.0 1.0

Tertile 2 6.9 40 9331 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) 0.7 (0.4, 1.2)

Tertile 3 193.8 46 9020 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) 0.8 (0.5, 1.3)

P for trend 0.21 0.27

Calcium from all other dairy5 —

Tertile 1 50.1 43 9291 1.0 1.0

Tertile 2 163.9 40 9487 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) 0.9 (0.6, 1.4)

Tertile 3 337.8 48 9036 1.0 (0.6, 1.5) 0.9 (0.6, 1.5)

P for trend 0.87 0.78

Calcium from nondairy sources —

Tertile 1 264.9 36 9430 1.0 1.0

Tertile 2 330.1 45 9238 0.9 (0.6, 1.5) 0.9 (0.6, 1.4)

Tertile 3 417.9 50 9146 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) 0.8 (0.5, 1.3)

P for trend 0.61 0.42

Phosphorus

Tertile 1 984.0 39 9228 1.0 1.0 1.0

Tertile 2 1218.9 36 9269 1.0 (0.6, 1.4) 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) 0.7 (0.5, 1.1)

Tertile 3 1443.3 56 9317 1.6 (1.0, 2.5) 1.5 (1.0, 2.4) 0.9 (0.5, 1.6)

P for trend 0.04 0.08 0.77

Vitamin D

Tertile 1 88 34 9391 1.0 1.0 1.0

Tertile 2 149 41 9205 0.9 (0.7, 1.4) 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) 0.7 (0.4, 1.1)

Tertile 3 239 56 9218 1.4 (0.9, 2.1) 1.3 (0.8, 2.1) 0.6 (0.3, 1.2)

P for trend 0.13 0.24 0.16

------------------------------------------

1 mg/d for calcium and phosphorus; IU/d for vitamin D.

2 Adjusted for age, race, energy intake, and design variables.

3 Additionally adjusted for US region; rural, urban, or suburban residence;

education; recreational sun exposure; recreational and usual level of physical

activity; smoking status; and current alcohol intake.

4 Obtained by including in the model a variable representing the median value

for

each tertile.

5 Includes cheese or cheese dishes, yogurt, cream or sour cream, cottage cheese,

and

ice cream.

Al Pater, PhD; email: old542000@...

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