Re: Dietary alpha-linolenic acid reduces inflammatory and lipid cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic men and women

[Guest guest]

> ,

> what do you think of this one: lowers HDL.

>

> J Nutr. 2004 Nov;134(11):2991-7.

You're right, it does. Even though it does so in the context of " total

cholesterol " reduction, it still does not generate the best " TC:HDL "

ratio, which goes to the " LA diet " .

However, evidence continues to accumulate saying that ALA is good for

cardiovascular disease. This may be distinct from the " aging process "

that is under so much scrutiny in lower organisms.

I think in individuals who are " eating their heart out " and are

facing " impending " coronary artery disease, the HDL considerations may

be somewhat important. But, I wonder if coronary artery disease is

the " inevitable consequence of aging " or an " also-ran " to the aging

process. Something tells me that Western eating patterns generate the

necessary illusion that encourages the conflation of the two phenomena

in the popular imagination.

In any case, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides help prevent hemorrhagic

strokes of various kinds, so I don't think that little difference is

going to hurt that much. The more robust effect on inflammatory

parameters is probably mediating the effects discussed below.

=--==--=-=-=-==-=-

" The average consumption of dietary linolenic acid was 0.82+/-0.36 g/d

for men and 0.69+/-0.29 g/d for women. From the lowest to the highest

quintile of linolenic acid, adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for the

presence of CAC were 1.0 (reference), 0.61 (0.42 to 0.88), 0.55 (0.35

to 0.84), 0.57 (0.37 to 0.88), and 0.35 (0.22 to 0.55), respectively (P

for trend <0.0001), after we controlled for age, gender, education,

family risk group, smoking, fruit and vegetable intake, history of

coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and statin

use. When linolenic acid was used as a continuous variable, the

multivariate adjusted odds ratio was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.46) per

gram of linolenic acid intake. Use of different cut points for CAC

score yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of dietary

linolenic acid is associated with a lower prevalence of CAC in a dose-

response fashion in white men and women. " - PMID: 15927976

http://tinyurl.com/c4rfz

=-=--=-=-=-=-=-

" ....the weight of the evidence favors recommendations for modest

dietary consumption of ALA (2 to 3 g per day) for the primary and

secondary prevention of CHD. " - PMID: 15945135

=-=-=-=-=-==-=-

T.

pct35768@...

[Guest guest]

Hi Al:

That is interesting, thank you.

It certainly shows that alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) improves lipid

values. But, if I am reading it right, is also indicates that

linoleic acid (LA) is somewhat better than ALA for all measures

listed except for Apo AI.

Which I find even more interesting, since LA is for certain

an 'essential' nutrient. While we are unsure whether ALA is

essential if one is getting EPA and DHA from other sources.

Rodney.

--- In , Al Pater <old542000@y...>

wrote:

> Hi All,

>

> The more important, I believe, total cholesterol/HDL ratio did not

significantly

> change,

>

> See the below from the avaialbe pdf.

>

> TABLE 4 Serum lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentrations

in subjects when

> they consumed the AAD, LA Diet, and ALA Diet for 6 wk1

> ..............................

> ----AAD LA Diet ALA Diet

> ..........................

> TC, mmol/L 5.59±0.16b 4.98±0.13a 4.99±0.14a

> LDL-C, mmol/L 3.74±0.14b 3.28±0.12a 3.33±0.11a

> HDL-C, mmol/L 1.18±0.06b 1.15±0.06ab 1.11±0.05a

> TG, mmol/L 1.47±0.13b 1.20±0.11a 1.20±0.11a

> TC:HDL-C 4.90±0.18b 4.52±0.18a 4.65±0.19a

> Apo AI, g/L 1.51±0.04b 1.45±0.05ab 1.43±0.04a

> Apo B, g/L 1.11±0.03b 1.01±0.03a 1.01±0.03a

> ...............................

> 1 Values are means±SEM, n = 23. Means in a row with superscripts

without a common

> letter differ, P < 0.05.

[Guest guest]

I'm looking at a lot of articles now on ALA, alone, and I would guess from the preponderance of data that ALA is needed. What I'd like to see is the ALA biochem, that doesn't include another discussion of EPA.

I have found some illogicals, not too important, but I believe supplementation of a fatty acid does not necessarily imply it will be used.

Regards.

----- Original Message -----

From: Rodney

Sent: Sunday, July 10, 2005 9:44 AM

Subject: [ ] Re: Dietary alpha-linolenic acid reduces inflammatory and lipid cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic men and women

Hi Al:That is interesting, thank you. It certainly shows that alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) improves lipid values. But, if I am reading it right, is also indicates that linoleic acid (LA) is somewhat better than ALA for all measures listed except for Apo AI.Which I find even more interesting, since LA is for certain an 'essential' nutrient. While we are unsure whether ALA is essential if one is getting EPA and DHA from other sources.Rodney.> Hi All,> > The more important, I believe, total cholesterol/HDL ratio did not significantly> change,> > See the below from the avaialbe pdf.> > TABLE 4 Serum lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentrations in subjects when> they consumed the AAD, LA Diet, and ALA Diet for 6 wk1> ..............................> ----AAD LA Diet ALA Diet> ..........................> TC, mmol/L 5.59±0.16b 4.98±0.13a 4.99±0.14a > LDL-C, mmol/L 3.74±0.14b 3.28±0.12a 3.33±0.11a > HDL-C, mmol/L 1.18±0.06b 1.15±0.06ab 1.11±0.05a > TG, mmol/L 1.47±0.13b 1.20±0.11a 1.20±0.11a > TC:HDL-C 4.90±0.18b 4.52±0.18a 4.65±0.19a > Apo AI, g/L 1.51±0.04b 1.45±0.05ab 1.43±0.04a > Apo B, g/L 1.11±0.03b 1.01±0.03a 1.01±0.03a > ...............................> 1 Values are means±SEM, n = 23. Means in a row with superscripts without a common> letter differ, P < 0.05.

[Guest guest]

Looking at

http://www.benbest.com/health/essfat.html#chem

about 11 pgdns is a diagram "production of fatty acid derivatives".

Also pg 85/86 of MNHD, and Calder, Br J Nutr, 1Jan2002, Suppl 1, S37.

These diagrams show the Linoleic and linolenic pathways to produce COXs and LOXs.

The diagrams do not show a metabolite of AA, eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA). ETYA serves to inhibit delta 6 desaturase to limit production of AA AND EPA.

Supplementing GLA or EPA bypasses the ETYA control of delta 6 desaturase.

So GLA and EPA can influence COXs and LOXs separately.

EPA is known to control AA as well.

So the question is what oils to eat/supplement?

There's lot of articles that discuss the role in inflammation - not a shoddy role since it's connected with a lot of bad stuff - athero, cancer, arthritis, CVD, PAD and brain.

It's hard for me to think ALA exerts an influence that promotes prostate cancer, when in fact a lot of soy oil is consumed. The COXs/LOXs from EPA, I think are necessary. That means ALA or EPA.

If I think I'm smart enough to use Saff or Sunf oils, then I must be able to judge how much EPA to supplement.

I think I use walnuts and forget the oils.

Pg 85 lists from LA: LTB3, LTC3,LTD3,LTA4, LTB4,LTC4,LTD4,LTE4,LTF4 from LOXs ad PGD1, PGF1alpha, PGE1, TXA2, PGE2,PGF2alpha, PGD2, and PGD2 form COXs. (plus 5-HETE)

From ALA: LTA5, LTB5, LTC5, LTD5,LTE5, LTF5 from LOXS, and TXA3, PGE3,PGF3alpha, PGD3, PGI3 from COXs.

Thas a lotta eicosanoids, right there.

Regards.

----- Original Message -----

From: Rodney

Sent: Sunday, July 10, 2005 9:44 AM

Subject: [ ] Re: Dietary alpha-linolenic acid reduces inflammatory and lipid cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic men and women

Hi Al:That is interesting, thank you. It certainly shows that alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) improves lipid values. But, if I am reading it right, is also indicates that linoleic acid (LA) is somewhat better than ALA for all measures listed except for Apo AI.Which I find even more interesting, since LA is for certain an 'essential' nutrient. While we are unsure whether ALA is essential if one is getting EPA and DHA from other sources.Rodney.> Hi All,> > The more important, I believe, total cholesterol/HDL ratio did not significantly> change,> > See the below from the avaialbe pdf.> > TABLE 4 Serum lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentrations in subjects when> they consumed the AAD, LA Diet, and ALA Diet for 6 wk1> ..............................> ----AAD LA Diet ALA Diet> ..........................> TC, mmol/L 5.59±0.16b 4.98±0.13a 4.99±0.14a > LDL-C, mmol/L 3.74±0.14b 3.28±0.12a 3.33±0.11a > HDL-C, mmol/L 1.18±0.06b 1.15±0.06ab 1.11±0.05a > TG, mmol/L 1.47±0.13b 1.20±0.11a 1.20±0.11a > TC:HDL-C 4.90±0.18b 4.52±0.18a 4.65±0.19a > Apo AI, g/L 1.51±0.04b 1.45±0.05ab 1.43±0.04a > Apo B, g/L 1.11±0.03b 1.01±0.03a 1.01±0.03a > ...............................> 1 Values are means±SEM, n = 23. Means in a row with superscripts without a common> letter differ, P < 0.05.