scientific fraud in writing - 2

[Guest guest]

In planning and protocol writing:

- Stealing ideas from students & colleagues; MS / grant applications / Ethics

Committee approval applications received for review

- Copying / Duplicating experiment conducted elsewhere

In conducting the experiments:

- Not doing the experiments at all (absolute, total fabrication/ falsification)

- Doing in a few animals / patients and inflating the numbers, reporting in

greater numbers.

In statistical analysis:

- Manipulating values to get significance.

- Data fudging to either prove or disprove the hypothesis.

In reporting:

- Suppressing negative findings.

- Reporting only the findings that support the original hypothesis.

- Presentation of high profile results through the media prior to peer review.

- Not reporting ADRs/ AEs to support/ prop up the commercial product

In publication:

- Plagiarism of results / article of others.

- Wrongful attribution of authorship.

- Duplication of publication.

- Omission of earlier original observations by others.

- Exclusion of others from legitimate authorship.

- Salami publication (piece meal publication like slicing the salami meat).

Vijay