applies to GWI & Anthrax vax illness - When Finding Nothing Is Wonderful

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http://www.jabs.org.uk/pages/FindingNothingWonderful.doc

When Finding Nothing Is Wonderful

By F. Yazbak, MD, FAAP

Originally published on Red Flags, June 9, 2006 www.redflagsdaily.com

Scientists are expected to discover things. They are applauded when they do

and sometimes ostracized when they don't.

Mainstream researchers investigating the connection between autism and the

measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, however, seem pleased when they find

nothing. They hurry to publish their " findings " to the jubilation of

" authorities. "

Repeating the performance a few times further cements the belief that if

" orthodox " first-class researchers cannot find a connection between the

triple vaccine, the measles virus and regressive autism, then, indeed, none

exists.

* * * *

There was a big commotion in the U.K. last month, when new research from

the United States seemed to confirm the presence of intestinal findings in

children with regressive autism, which were similar to those reported by

Wakefield, MD, in 1998.

On May 28, Sally Beck of The Mail on Sunday wrote a long article on the

study at Wake Forest University School of Medicine in North Carolina titled

" Scientists fear MMR link to autism. "

In the American study, 275 children with regressive autism and bowel

disease were evaluated. Of the 82 children completely tested, 70 proved

positive for the measles virus. Beck quoted , MD, the team

leader as saying, " Of the handful of results we have in so far, all are

vaccine strain and none are wild measles. This research proves that in the

gastrointestinal tract of a number of children, who have been diagnosed

with regressive autism, there is evidence of measles virus. " (1)

Several other Sunday papers reported the story in the U.K., while not much

about the Wake Forest research was mentioned in the American media.

On May 31, as if on cue, Reuters Health Information in New York published

an account of a different study headlined " No Evidence of Measles Virus in

MMR-Vaccinated Autistic Children. " It said " contrary to the findings of

some earlier studies, measles virus genetic material was not detected in

the blood of MMR-vaccinated autistic children with development regression,

according to a report in the Journal of Medical Virology for May. " (2)

The Reuters report went on, " In the present study, Dr. M.A. Afzal, from the

National Institute for Biological Standards and Control in Hertfordshire,

U.K., and colleagues used several assays to test for measles genome

sequences in leukocyte preparations obtained from 15 children with autism

who had received the MMR vaccine as part of the routine immunization

schedule in the U.K. "

According to the British researchers, there was no evidence of measles

genomic fragments in any of the children examined, in spite of the fact

that the methods used were " highly sensitive, specific, and robust " and

capable of detecting " measles virus RNA down to single figure copy numbers

per reaction. "

The Reuters' report ended reassuringly: " Given the rigorous methods

employed, the researchers believe that measles virus material genuinely did

not exist in the patient's blood samples. "

Two friends, one in Wisconsin and the other in California, both very

informed about vaccine and autism matters, wrote to me almost

simultaneously asking the same question: " Can this really be a

coincidence? " that we have a study published supporting the MMR-autism

connection and almost immediately another contradicting it?

I answered them that I did not know for sure but that in the past, " Dr.

M.A. Afzal, from the National Institute for Biological Standards and

Control in Hertfordshire, U.K. " had published several articles that seemed

strategically very well-timed.

The differences between the two recent studies deserve repeating:

In the U.S. study, measles virus genomic RNA was actually found in the gut

of 70 affected children and the viral results of another 200 children with

typical gut pathology are still pending.

In the U.K. study, the researchers " could not detect " measles virus genetic

material in the blood of 15 MMR-vaccinated children with autism.

It is essential to also point out that the above-mentioned M.A. Afzal is

not N.A. Afzal, a pediatric gastroenterologist attached to the Centre for

Pediatric Gastroenterology at The Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K.

It was at the Royal Free Hospital that Wakefield practiced

gastroenterology for years and where he was the shining star before he

dared to " rock the boat " and was forced to resign. It is also at the Royal

Free and University College Medical School in London that Brent , one

of Wakefield's most vocal critics, is professor of community pediatrics.

N.A. Afzal published his first study with the Royal Free team in December

2002. (3) He published two more studies in 2004 and one in 2005. (4) The

abstracts of all four studies did not contain any reference to autism and

vaccines.

M.A. Afzal, on the other hand, is a member of the virology department at

the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC). The

Institute is a respected multi-disciplinary scientific establishment with

national and international roles in the standardization and control of

biological substances including viral and bacterial vaccines. Since 1976,

the institute has been directly funded by the United Kingdom Health

Departments.

Members of the U.K. Health Departments have led the charge against

Wakefield and his theory and have spent enormous amounts of money on an MMR

awareness campaign. , Director of the U.K. Health

Protection Agency's immunization department, co-authored, with ,

several anti-Wakefield studies.

But back to M.A. Afzal of the NIBSC, who according to Reuters was certain

in 2006 that the measles virus material genuinely did not exist in the

patients' blood samples because he and his team did not find it. He must

have been aware that a Japanese team from Tokyo University led by H.

Kawashima had found the same " genetic material " in the blood of children

with autism in 2000: " In order to characterize the strains that may be

present, we have carried out the detection of measles genomic RNA in

peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) in eight patients with Crohn's disease,

three patients with ulcerative colitis, and nine children with autistic

enterocolitis... "

Kawashima discovered and reported that " the sequences obtained from the

children with autism were consistent with being vaccine strains " and that

the results were concordant with the exposure history of those children. (5)

So how come Team Tokyo found vaccine-strain measles virus genomic RNA in

peripheral mononuclear cells of vaccinated autistic children in 2000 and

Team U.K. found nothing in 2006?

The answer to that perplexing and rather sensitive question may be in a

very interesting study that was published in the Journal of Medical

Virology in May 2003, titled appropriately " Comparative evaluation of

measles virus-specific RT-PCR methods through an international

collaborative study " and authored by both Afzal and Kawashima, in addition

to renowned experts A.D. Osterhaus, S.L. Cosby, L. Jin, J. Beeler and K.

Takeuchi. (6)

That international panel found, " Comparison of RT-PCR assays established in

house at various places revealed that laboratories could differ in

sensitivity by as much as 1,000-fold in terms of the ability to detect

measles virus sequences in clinical samples. The study indicates that PCR

findings, positive or negative, are questionable if they are not supported

by the associated data demonstrating the overall sensitivity of the assay

applied. Measles virus-specific RT-PCR-based assays need to be validated

using standard virus preparation or nucleic acid-based target templates. A

correlation between real-time quantitative PCR and the conventional PCR for

measles virus is highly desirable. "

The above is simply noted with interest.

Coincidence after coincidence

Wakefield published his now famous article, " Ileal-lymphoid-nodular

hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in

children, " in The Lancet on Feb. 28, 1998. (7)

Before that date, M.A. Afzal published a total of 16 studies and was the

lead author in nine of them. Twelve works were about mumps and four dealt

with assorted virology topics. Afzal did not write a single article or

publish any research dealing with measles, MMR, autism, inflammatory bowel

disease or related subjects before Wakefield's landmark article.

Since Feb. 28, 1998, M.A. Afzal has published 20 articles: 13 were about

measles, MMR and related topics; six dealt with mumps; and one was on other

viral topics. He was lead author in 13 of the 20.

The first Afzal paper on the topic of measles titled " Absence of

measles-virus genome in inflammatory bowel disease " was also published in

the February 28, 1998 issue of the Lancet, five pages after Wakefield's

article. (8)

An abstract of the Afzal research was not available for quoting, but it

appears from the title that the virologist and his colleagues at the NIBSC

did not find measles-virus genome in patients with inflammatory bowel

disease.

Measles infection and inflammatory bowel disease

In the summer of 1998, Balzola, Khan, Pera, Bonino, Pounder and Wakefield

reported measles IgM immunoreactivity in patients with inflammatory bowel

disease (IBD). Their research revealed specific and fluctuating immune

response to measles virus in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative

colitis. (9)

Afzal and colleagues published " Absence of detectable measles virus genome

sequence in inflammatory bowel disease tissues and peripheral blood

lymphocytes " in the Journal of Medical Virology. (10) According to the

authors, in spite of using a " highly sensitive measles-specific

RT-PCR-nested PCR system, " they failed to detect the presence of measles

virus in 93 colon biopsies and 31 peripheral blood lymphocyte preparations,

examined and obtained from patients with IBD and non-inflammatory controls.

It seems from the above that M.A. Afzal was looking for evidence of viral

presence in the colon (large intestine) and did not find any. Wakefield had

better luck, a little later, when he looked for such evidence in the ileum.

Afzal was certainly aware that the children tested by the Royal Free Team

had ileal lymphonodular hyperplasia.

In virology, as in life, it's always better to look in the right spot.

The fact that Afzal could not find evidence of measles genomic RNA in the

peripheral blood in 1998 is not surprising. Eight years later, as noted

earlier, he still can't.

Measles virus and Crohn's disease

In April 1999, Wakefield, Montgomery and Pounder published " Crohn's

disease: the case for measles virus. " (11) They reported, " We and others

have suggested that measles virus may be causally related to Crohn's

disease, and that the associated risk is an atypical pattern of exposure.…

The data for Crohn's disease suggest that persistent infection may follow

early low dose exposure and low zone immunological tolerance. The changing

pattern of measles virus exposure this century would be consistent with a

shift toward lower dose of infection. Such an exposure would also be

consistent with persistence of the virus at very low copy number within

discrete foci of granulomatous inflammation…. "

Afzal, Minor, Armitage and Gosh published " Measles virus and Crohn's

disease " in June of the same year. (12) An abstract of the publication is

not available for review but the similarity of the two titles is simply

astonishing.

2000: MMR safety review

In their careful and detailed scholarly article on MMR safety, " Measles,

mumps, rubella vaccine: through a glass, darkly, " (13) Wakefield and

Montgomery reviewed the safety testing of MMR vaccine or lack thereof.

In " Clinical safety issues of measles, mumps and rubella vaccines, " (14)

Afzal, Minor and Schild did not directly respond but essentially reviewed

all the studies that had been done by the anti-Wakefield camp and had

failed to identify the presence of measles virus genomic RNA in patients

with IBD. In the available abstract, M.A. Afzal stated, " Based on the

published data reviewed here, it can be concluded that there is no direct

association between measles virus or measles vaccines and the development

of Crohn's disease, a conclusion which is supported by most epidemiological

findings. "

The above statement obviously can be correct. On the other hand, presuming

that because the studies reviewed did not reveal a relationship between

measles vaccine and IBD that none exists appears somewhat presumptuous.

As to the safety of the MMR vaccine, one need only mention one of the

conclusions of the recent comprehensive Cochrane MMR Review: " The design

and reporting of safety outcomes in MMR vaccine studies, both pre- and

post-marketing, are largely inadequate. "

April 2002

In " Potential viral pathogenic mechanism for new variant inflammatory bowel

disease, " Uhlmann and associates, including Wakefield, published results of

their meticulous research. It revealed that " 75 of 91 patients with a

histologically confirmed diagnosis of ileal lymphonodular hyperplasia and

enterocolitis were positive for measles virus in their intestinal tissue

compared with five of 70 control patients. Measles virus was identified

within the follicular dendritic cells and some lymphocytes in foci of

reactive follicular hyperplasia. The copy number of measles virus ranged

from one to 300,00 copies/ng total RNA. " The authors concluded, " The data

confirm an association between the presence of measles virus and gut

pathology in children with developmental disorder. " (15)

M.A. Afzal and associates did not immediately respond. Instead, they

published two well-written but highly technical papers on the

newest-available, very delicate PCR testing procedures. The 2003

publication was discussed earlier. (5) The second, published in the Journal

of Medical Virology in May 2004, is listed for completion. (16)

The Afzal group response to the 2002 Uhlmann paper seems to be the most

recently published study (May 2006) in the Journal of Medical Virology. It

was reported by Reuters and discussed earlier. (17)

" Leukocyte preparations from children with documented evidence of MMR

vaccination and confirmed diagnosis of autism were examined by several

assays designed to target multiple regions of the measles virus genome

sequence. No sample was found positive by any method. The assays applied

were highly sensitive, specific and robust in nature, and were based on the

amplification of measles virus RNA transcripts by real-time quantitative

RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) as well as by conventional RT-PCR-nested PCR. The assays

applied were potentially able to detect measles virus RNA down to single

figure copy numbers per reaction. The amount of total nucleic acid extract

of leukocytes subjected to various measles virus-specific investigations

was several-fold higher than minimally required of a sample where measles

virus persistence is well documented. This study failed to substantiate

reports of the persistence of measles virus in autistic children with

development regression. "

Again one should mention that M.A. Afzal and associates investigated only

15 children with autism " who had received the MMR vaccine as part of the

U.K. routine immunization schedule. " If these children had early-onset

autism and happened, as clearly stated, simply to have " received the MMR

vaccine as part of the U.K. routine immunization schedule, " they may not

necessarily have the typical findings of autistic enterocolitis.

The children in the Wakefield studies have regressive autism, a totally

different entity; in most, the very clear regression seemed to have been

chronologically related to their MMR vaccination.

Conclusions

This review cannot ascertain whether the recent publication by M.A. Afzal

and associates (17) was a response to the 2002 study by Uhlmann et al (15)

or was intended to pre-empt the recent important report from Wake Forest

University.

It does demonstrate, on the other hand, a sudden and intense interest on

the part of Afzal in measles virus genomic RNA, the MMR vaccine, autism and

inflammatory bowel disease starting in 1998.

As more future studies supporting and confirming the Wakefield findings are

published in the U.S. and elsewhere, it would not be surprising if M.A.

Afzal and his associates continued their sophisticated research and still

found nothing, as they have all along.

Future publications by the group will be celebrated by the vaccine

authorities and medical groups, as long as they continue to report negative

findings.

The medical authorities will undoubtedly declare that because Afzal and

friends found nothing, there was, indeed, nothing and, therefore, that the

measles virus and the MMR vaccine are not in any way responsible for the

sudden regression of a small percentage of children, who are genetically

predisposed to autism.

And that would be truly tragic.

References

1. Sally Beck. " Scientists fear MMR link to autism. " Mail on Sunday. May

28, 2006. Available at http://tinyurl.com/zjbsa

2. " No Evidence of Measles Virus in MMR-Vaccinated Autistic Children. "

Reuters Health Report, New York. June 30, 2006. Available at

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/533545

3. Afzal NA, Addai S, Fagbemi A, Murch S, Thomson M, Heuschkel R Refeeding

syndrome with enteral nutrition in children: a case report, literature

review and clinical guidelines. Clin Nutr. 2002 Dec;21(6):515-20. PMID:

12468372

4. Afzal NA, Davies S, Paintin M, Arnaud-Battandier F, - JA,

Murch S, Heuschkel R, Fell J. Colonic Crohn's disease in children does not

respond well to treatment with enteral nutrition if the ileum is not

involved. Dig Dis Sci. 2005 Aug; 50(8): 1471-5. PMID: 16110838

5. Kawashima H, Mori T, Kashiwagi Y, Takekuma K, Hoshika A, Wakefield A.

Detection and sequencing of measles virus from peripheral mononuclear cells

from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and autism. Dig Dis Sci. 2000

Apr; 45(4): 723-9.

6. Afzal MA, Osterhaus AD, Cosby SL, Jin L, Beeler J, Takeuchi K, Kawashima

H.Comparative evaluation of measles virus-specific RT-PCR methods through

an international collaborative study. J Med Virol. 2003 May; 70(1): 171-6.

PMID: 12629660

7. Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, A, Linnell J, Casson DM, Malik M,

Berelowitz M, Dhillon AP, Thomson MA, Harvey P, Valentine A, Davies SE,

- JA. Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis,

and pervasive developmental disorder in children.

Lancet. 1998 Feb 28; 351(9103): 637-41

8. Afzal MA, Minor PD, Begley J, Bentley ML, Armitage E, Ghosh S, Ferguson

A. Absence of measles-virus genome in inflammatory bowel disease. Lancet.

1998 Feb 28; 351(9103): 646-7. PMID: 9500326

9. Balzola FA, Khan K, Pera A, Bonino F, Pounder RE, Wakefield AJ. Measles

IgM immunoreactivity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Ital J

Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998 Aug; 30(4): 378-82. PMID: 9789132

10. Afzal MA, Armitage E, Begley J, Bentley ML, Minor PD, Ghosh S, Ferguson

A. Absence of detectable measles virus genome sequence in inflammatory

bowel disease tissues and peripheral blood lymphocytes.

J Med Virol. 1998 Jul; 55(3): 243-9.

11. Wakefield AJ, Montgomery SM, Pounder RE. Crohn's disease: the case for

measles virus. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999 Apr; 31(3): 247-54.

Review. PMID: 10379489

12. Afzal MA, Minor PD, Armitage E, Ghosh S. Measles virus and Crohn's

disease. Gut. 1999 Jun; 44(6): 896-7. PMID: 10375297

13. Wakefield AJ, Montgomery SM. Measles, mumps, rubella vaccine: through a

glass, darkly. Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev. 2000 Dec; 19(4): 265-83;

discussion 284-92. Review. PMID: 11212459

14. Afzal MA, Minor PD, Schild GC. Clinical safety issues of measles, mumps

and rubella vaccines. Bull World Health Organ. 2000; 78(2): 199-204.

Review. PMID: 10743285

15. Uhlmann V, CM, Sheils O, Pilkington L, Silva I, Killalea A,

Murch SB, - J, Thomson M, Wakefield AJ, O'Leary JJ. Potential

viral pathogenic mechanism for new variant inflammatory bowel disease. Mol

Pathol. 2002 Apr; 55(2): 84-90. PMID: 11950955

16. Ozoemena LC, Minor PD, Afzal MA. Comparative evaluation of measles

virus specific TaqMan PCR and conventional PCR using synthetic and natural

RNA templates. J Med Virol. 2004 May; 73(1): 79-84. PMID: 15042652

17. Afzal MA, Ozoemena LC, O'Hare A, Kidger KA, Bentley ML, Minor PD.

Absence of detectable measles virus genome sequence in blood of autistic

children who have had their MMR vaccination during the routine childhood

immunization schedule of U.K. J Med Virol. 2006 May; 78(5): 623-30. PMID:

16555271

http://www.redflagsdaily.com/yazbak/2006_jun09?from=0

--------------------------------------------------------

Sheri Nakken, R.N., MA, Hahnemannian Homeopath

Vaccination Information & Choice Network, Nevada City CA & Wales UK

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