Guest guest Posted July 6, 1999 Report Share Posted July 6, 1999 As illustrated by the ongoing discussion and postings, we are all just beginning to get the " truth " about Secretin. Time however seems to be pushing toward: 1. I do not hear any sources other than a DANN doctors or Dr. Rimland, believing there is any high probability of success with Secretin * * Rather, researchers who have tried it are not pursuing it, and / or studies are beginning to come out of true " trials " which are very unlikely to show any significant success with Secretin 2. Discussion of potential dangers continues to increase * * The dangers of possibly triggering a negative / destructive auto-immune reaction in the body is becoming of greater concern, a child could collapse / die on the table from an " anaphylactoid " reaction - a very high risk, the risk of unknown viral or " sub " viral organism being transmitted is very high, pushing multiple " wrong " rather than " right " pathways / hormones, remains an unknown concern. * * No parent should be offered a Secretin " transfusion " for their child not properly IRB approved, or at minimum having been offered and signed an " informed " consent listing the above risks. 3. And unfortunately, as with the MMR " assumptions, " grains of truth or hope, continue to deceive this " internet " generation of parents and children. IF one backsteps to the direction that " these are children " (please see posting on website www.neuroimmunedr.com ), then not only does the urgency of finding an answer increase alarmingly, but then, as it should be, one must carefully weight risk versus gain, and cannot just " experiment " on a potentially " devastated " family and child. As I have been discussing, it has become obvious that many / most of these children must start off healthy, potentially bright children (just as many parents have believed), and must be thought of potentially treatable, rather than being born congenitally damaged or " miswired " With the conference creating a chance to focus a new level of science, potential new therapies for these children rapidly (obtain tapes from the conference as soon as available), comes the right to say, these children must regarded in an " accelerated " model of a medical crisis, but should only be " exposed " to agents with a high probability of safety and efficacy, not " unknown " risks, very low probability of gains. Unfortunately, while suddenly very possible, IF we are to have any chance of getting these agents to children in the near future, then we are only going to achieve that by " focusing " parents and groups frustrations and urgency into a " constructive " grass roots effort (so far no established group is helping to lead this direction), not diffuse " in " fighting, many " side " battles, etc. Example: While certainly the MMR may be a " trigger " in some of the children, science says very strongly it is unlikely to be the cause of this dysfunction in any significant number. IF one focuses on the " trigger " concept and the " autoimmune " pathway, there is NO scientific article that can dispute that possibility. IF one focuses on the idea of causation, especially implying active measles virus, this leads to great scientific debate and arguments, because it is not logical. This makes its easier to throw up scientific arguments / roadblocks, creating more " studies " (great for the study centers) but not a focus on solving the problem, creating a solution now. As has been shown time after time, ONLY scientifically logical (potentially unproven, but NOT disproven) pathways are going to remain around. This is why a new " cure " comes every 4 - 5 years - frustrating parents and " cheating " these children. We have one shot now while many of these current children are still young, we all had better pick the right route. While it would be nice to sit back and say " wait and see " (ala Dr. Rimland), and while I do hope parents will begin holding their leader and researchers accountable for " theories and hypothesis " they may propose (please note who were proposing " Gamma Globulin " as the wonder drug a few years ago, now there are increasing stories of kidney damage, along with the ongoing issues of unknown " transmissions " ), we are at a " crisis " point. UNLESS we can all focus logically, scientifically, and on a definable objective pathway and markers (via ), unless we create an immediate scientific pathway to understand these children's variables (not one open to ongoing debate and subjective assessment) so that we can " understand " objectively results, any dramatic change in therapy remain many years away. As reflected by the last posting, there is a common denominator affecting many of these disorders. In stead of focusing on each small piece of science, there is a chance, looking to the " big picture " to really make a difference for many children and their families now. Please review the conference tapes (become involved with " MAT for " ), be exposed to a side and level of science previously denied you and your children, and then decide if your children are better served waiting 7 - 10 years (for the existing research networks to " catch-up " - which is starting to happen) or can we truly utilize the promise of technology and the internet appropriately / constructively, and have new trials in place for many of these children by the new millenium. With hope for many of your children, Goldberg, MD Message: 1 Date: Wed, 23 Jun 1999 10:47:39 EDT From: Wutsername@... Subject: Re: Physician Responds to Secretin Study Report <<Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1999 16:38:58 EDT From: Kkscharste@... Subject: Re: Physician Responds to Secretin Study Report Question for Dr. Layton: Are you also doing GF/DF diet with your patients, as well as treating them for yeast overgrowth, during your trials of secretin? And if so, perhaps the positive changes you are seeing are due to these other therapies. Thank you.>> I am not Dr. Layton, but I am a parent using secretin to help my autistic son, and I would like to comment on the question above. My son is GF//DF and had been for a year prior to his first secretin infusion. Up to that point the diet had helped him a great deal, but there is NO MISTAKING the benefits he received from secretin. He took a HUGE leap in receptive/expressive language, eye contact, appropriate social conduct, symbolic/imaginative play, the rate at which he learns new things, and his overall interest in the world around him. He had two infusions and both brought wonderful results, which he has maintained as is now getting secretin transdermally. He was not being treated for yeast overgrowth or anything else at the time he received his infusions. Kind regards, Ricci Carole Hedequist List moderator, secretin-discussionegroups ____________________________________________________________________________ ___ ____________________________________________________________________________ ___ Message: 3 Date: 23 Jun 1999 15:22:52 -0000 From: 1raptor@... Subject: Re: Physician Responds to Secretin Study Report Hi, Have there been any long term studies on the safety of using this long term. Last year when I was checking into this, I ran across information questioning whether long term use could trigger an autoimmune problem against your own secretin like what happened when non human insulin was used for diabetes. My son already is having autoimmune problems, so that was enough to stop me from try- ing. Also there are questions whether it could be adding more viral problems, which are already a problem for my son. Does anyone have any information on the above. Cheryl Message: 5 Date: Wed, 23 Jun 1999 12:07:44 EDT From: Knightmls@... Subject: Re: Physician Responds to Secretin Study Report Hi. The recent conference was all about what you have described. You might want to get some of the cassettes of the conference, which you can do by calling 1-800-338-2111. The email address is atltapes@.... I came away from the conference feeling quite a bit of concern about using Secretin, but decided to go through with my son's third infusion because we have just seen so many positive effects from the Secretin. I would love to hear from others about how the conference material affected your thoughts and usage of Secretin. ____________________________________________________________________________ ___ ____________________________________________________________________________ ___ Message: 6 Date: Wed, 23 Jun 1999 12:29:24 EDT From: Kkscharste@... Subject: Re: Physician Responds to Secretin Study Report Yes--your concerns are valid according to Dr. Layton and Dr. Shaw--at a conference I attended at which both spoke they cited a case of a patient becoming an insulin-dependent diabetic due most likely to secretin infusion. I guess everyone has to decide for themselves whether the risks for their child are worth the benefits. FEAT DAILY ONLINE NEWSLETTER Families for Early Autism Treatment http://www.feat.org M.I.N.D.: http://neuroscience.ucdavis.edu/mind Letters Editor: FEAT@... Archive: http://www.feat.org/listarchive/ " Healing Autism: No Finer a Cause on the Planet " ____________________________________________________________ Heal Thyself - dot - com: Salon Article Monday, June 28, 1999 http://www.salon1999.com/health/feature/1999/04/13/internet_cures/index.html [As 'wired' patients go online for medical help, the question is: Can a little knowledge be a dangerous thing? - by Arthur ] Autism might be the perfect disease for the computer age-a mysterious disorder characterized by the obsessive ordering of things and the profound inability to relate to people. Bill Gates is a bit autistic, the parents of autistics say, half joking-but the disease is not a joke. To be the parent of an autistic is to be in love with a child who may not be able to speak or heed your voice, who may bang his head on the floor until it bleeds if you disturb the arcane geometry of his toy soldiers. Doctors don't understand autism and can't cure it. But the parents of autistics are a disproportionately wired bunch, and they grasp for threads-of which there are many on the Web. Every few years, a new miracle cure comes down the pike, then bombs out. The latest hope, or hype, is something called secretin, a hormone derived from pig intestines whose therapeutic workings are as mysterious as autism itself. Beck, a New Hampshire housewife with a background in the mail-order business, stumbled onto the substance when she took her autistic son to a clinic in April 1996 to have problems in his digestive tract checked out. The FDA approved secretin two decades ago as a diagnostic tool for gastrointestinal problems-it's dripped into the vein to test pancreatic function. But 3-year-old Beck got an entirely different benefit from it. Young , who had communicated mostly by grunting, began to speak several days after he got his first secretin infusion, and his autism symptoms have steadily improved since then, says his mother. Other doctors reported similarly encouraging responses, and the news began to flash through the autism lists like wildfire. By March, an estimated 2,500 autistic children had been infused with secretin. Nutritional and medical crazes are timeless. But the secretin phenomenon highlights something new: the Internet-driven research priority. In the 1970s, the word-of-mouth spread of laetrile, a bogus cancer remedy made from apricot pits, led thousands of people to squander their lives and fortunes in the hazy clinics of Tijuana. Today, there's a new laetrile practically every week, and an entire wing of the NIH is being funded to study " nutroceuticals, " alternative medical treatments marketed as nutritional supplements to evade FDA scrutiny-saw palmetto (for enlarged prostates) and ginkgo (for memory repair) being two recent examples. " We researchers are backing and filling, " says Dr. C. Shelton, a Vanderbilt University psychiatry professor who is leading a multi-center study of St. swort, the herbal depression cure. " We've got patients on these treatments-we need to know, do they work or not? Our studies are consumer-driven, and it's the ready availability of information on the Internet that is putting them into consumers' hands. " In November, the NIH authorized five trials around the country for secretin. The FDA, under pressure from Congress, nudged a Silver Spring, Md., researcher named Purich to include autistic patients in accelerated trials of a synthetic secretin compound that Purich had developed purely as a diagnostic tool. While many seasoned autism researchers shook their heads in disbelief, the federal authorities maintained-credibly-that they had no choice. Desperate parents are paying up to $15,000 a vial for the dwindling supplies of pig secretin. Some have mortgaged their houses, or taken their kids to those same Tijuana clinics or wherever else there was a doc who claimed to have a dose of secretin. " Having been in the field for 25 years, I know that every three to four years, people come up with a cure for autism that isn't a cure, " says Dr. Marie Bristol-Power, who's in charge of autism research at the NIH. But " right now there are literally thousands of people who've been infused with this drug, " she says. " If this is promising we want to follow up. On the other hand, if it doesn't stand up in clinical trials, we want to get that information out, because people are exposing themselves to danger. " In other words, determined individuals have harnessed the Internet to turn the traditional pyramid of the American medical establishment on its head. Of course, research priorities are often politically influenced. But in the case of secretin, the agenda has been set almost single-handedly by Bernard Rimland, who heads an autism institute in San Diego. In the 1960s, Rimland challenged the " refrigerator mother " theory of Bruno Bettelheim, who argued that autism was a psychiatric disorder caused by unloving mothers. A gadfly who was not an M.D., Rimland eventually prevailed. By now, thanks in part to the concentrated punch of patients linked by the Internet, Rimland has become a gadfly with muscle. He has data banks and patient lists and can use them to set research agendas. Rimland is feared by specialists, who admire his advocacy work but also point out that secretin is not the first unproven therapy or theory he has pushed. In addition, while no one is questioning their dedication to finding a cure, both Beck and Rimland have a vested interest in secretin. The two jointly filed a patent for the use of secretin in autism, and when readers click secretin on the Web site of Rimland's institute, they get an order form for Beck's book, " Unlocking the Secrets of Secretin. " For the pathologically skeptical-to borrow Rimland's phrase for his secretin critics-it is tempting to see secretin as emblematic of Internet-facilitated snake oil, of which there is no shortage. On Nov. 10, the FTC led a consortium of consumer protection groups around the world in a surf for quacks-and found 1,200 sites offering bogus elixirs, herbal remedies and crankish mechanical devices to the desperate and gullible. According to a recent Louis poll, something in the neighborhood of 60 million Americans have gone on the Web to get health information. At a time when managed care gives doctors little time for patients in the flesh, plenty of online docs are dispensing free advice in the disembodied privacy of the chat room. Which is terrific when the advice is good and frightening when the advice is biased, poorly informed or part of somebody's plan to make a quick buck or push an agenda. A recent example is the growing rebellion of servicemen and women leery of the anthrax vaccine. This movement is a chimera of anti-government sentiment and homeopathic gibberish, germinated in virtual rooms where metaphysical nurses from Santa , Calif., consult with Marines convinced that President Clinton is poking them with anthrax for sport. The anti-vaccinationists are claiming that experimental anthrax vaccines caused Gulf War illness. This is the kind of medical claim that is almost impossible to confirm. Congress has held some hearings on the subject; more are scheduled for later this month. For better and for worse, " the Internet is empowering patients with information, " says Beck, who, coincidentally, believes a measles-mumps-rubella vaccine triggered her son's autism. " Through the Internet you meet up with other parents who have the same story and you feel a certain strength in numbers. " That is precisely what disturbs traditional doctors. " An epidemic of misinformation, " bemoans the British Medical Journal; " not too little information but too much, vast chunks of it incomplete, misleading or inaccurate, " complains the Journal of the American Medical Association. Tom Ferguson, an expert on online health experts who lectures frequently to medical doctors, finds them worried by the speculative material their patients dredge up on the Web. But of course that's the paternalistic view, and it's partly a defensive one. " A primary care doctor has to keep up with 700 to 800 conditions, " says Ferguson, who edits the Newsletter of Consumer Health Informatics and Online Health. " You the patient need to find out about only one. And if you know what you're doing, you can spend 25 or 30 hours online and become as knowledgeable about that one condition as your doctor. " Spend enough time talking to people with chronic or rare conditions and you realize that however strange the Web, it's often the only place for them to go. And the front-line physicians who deal with this population learn to live with the Web as an unbidden consultant. " I see it as a blessing from God, " says Dr. Yuval Shafrir, a pediatric neurologist at town University. " Sometimes I see a patient with a very rare disease, a disease that in a textbook has maybe three lines written about it. But you go on the Internet and some mother in California has a support group and Web page. " When the secretin wave swept in, it literally swamped Shafrir, causing his e-mail box at town to overflow with mail and leading the system administrator to cut off his account. The speculation was that secretin somehow bound itself to brain receptors the way Prozac and other anti-depressants do. Shafrir was skeptical-but sympathetic to parents who wanted to try it. " Living with an autistic child is one of the most difficult challenges anybody can face in life, " he says. He has infused about 15 children with secretin. Only two seemed to get better, but the others " at least can be satisfied that they tried. " " My best guess is that when the dust settles, the percentage of patients who improve will be well over 70 percent, " says Rimland. The extent to which his anecdotes of secretin success will turn out to be placebo effect will be known when the first double-blind clinical trials are completed later this spring. There is as yet no science to secretin. But then again, nobody knows how aspirin works. " I think it's sad that everybody's so desperate that they'll inject this completely unknown substance into their children right away, " says London, a New Jersey psychiatrist who in 1994 founded a group, the National Association for Autism Research, that in some ways rivals Rimland's. " I wouldn't put it in my kid. " (London has an autistic 12-year-old). But Rimland scoffs at his critics- " I pity them, " he says. And he issues a challenge: " Physicians are increasingly being compelled to do their homework if they want to avoid being embarrassed by not knowing up-to-the-minute information provided by their Internet-savvy patients. " Who will ultimately be the most embarrassed by secretin, of course, remains to be seen. But it won't be the last cure to arise on the Internet. Message: 3 Date: Thu, 24 Jun 1999 12:46:26 -0700 From: " FEAT " <feat@...> Subject: Pro & Con Research on MMR, Autism Connection Compared FEAT DAILY ONLINE NEWSLETTER Families for Early Autism Treatment http://www.feat.org M.I.N.D.: http://neuroscience.ucdavis.edu/mind Letters Editor: FEAT@... Archive: http://www.feat.org/listarchive/ " Healing Autism: No Finer a Cause on the Planet " ____________________________________________________________ Pro & Con Research on MMR, Autism Connection Compared Thursday, June 24, 1999 [Thanks again to Ray Gallup who explains that " Dr. Yazbak is one of our collaborating physicians of the Autism Autoimmunity Project. " ] " Same Place, Worlds Apart " The publications of Dr. Wakefield in March 98 and of Dr. Brent in June 99 share only two important features, they both originated from The Royal Free Hospital in London, and they both appeared in Lancet. Wakefield did his first colonoscopy on an autistic child, because the anguished mother begged him to find the reason why her son had such terrible gastro-intestinal problems. When he found some very specific pathology, Dr. Wakefield proceeded to investigate several more autistic children, identifying and documenting, again and again, the same very unusual findings. A particular aspect of the history intrigued Dr. Wakefield. Many parents adamantly stated that their children's autistic symptoms appeared shortly after they received the MMR vaccine. One ten year old boy's story was probably the most striking This child was fine, and absolutely normal in every respect, as per his doctor, parents, and teachers. Shortly after he received the MMR vaccine, he started exhibiting symptoms of autistic behavior, and within three months, he was severely damaged. Dr. Wakefield, in his very professionally written article, described each case carefully, history, blood work, colonoscopy findings, and histo-pathological reports, etc. He went on to review the work of several distinguished researchers in different fields, who were also looking at the causes of Autism, and had developed tests, or suggested therapies. Dr. Wakefield had no choice but to mention that many parents reported some temporal relationship between the MMR vaccine administration, and the onset of their children's autistic symptoms. As an ethical researcher he could not in all conscience, " bury " such a frequently reported association, and he urged other disciplines to study the problem. Although full of medical terms, Dr. Wakefield's paper was clear, and easy to understand, even by a lay person. Findings were factual, and all conclusions were justified, logical, and fully supported by the evidence presented. The immediate result of Dr.Wakefield's paper was a vitriolic attack from every front. A flood of opposing articles appeared in the same issue of Lancet, and systematic criticism, nearing persecution, of this decent researcher began, and is still going on. Distraught parents of affected children have become even more confused, because no one has been able to prove conclusively to them yet, that an MMR vaccine-Autism connection does not really exist. There have been no safety follow-up studies looking beyond four weeks post vaccination, and many studies quoted, have been partially funded by vaccine manufacturers, with obvious commercial interests. Indeed, no serious researcher has looked at a large sample, three to nine months post MMR vaccination, when auto-immune diseases usually would occur. When some parents in England became vocal, the pro-vaccine authorities in the UK reacted forcefully, to protect their MMR vaccination program. The single measles, mumps and rubella vaccines effectively became unavailable, and every effort was made to prove Dr. Wakefield wrong. The Medicines Control Agency and The Public Health Laboratory Service supported a study, to be carried out by the Department of Community Child Health Royal Free, Dr. Wakefield's own institution, and University College Medical School, London. Again, it is important to repeat here, that Dr. Wakefield never said there was a causal relationship between the MMR vaccine and autism. The just published study by et al was hailed by everyone as the definitive work on the subject, .......but is it?. I personally believe it has raised more questions than it has answered. Dr. 's paper seems difficult to read and understand. The summary findings are confusing, and the whole report is full of statistics, symbols and figures, clearly for the purpose of proving that the conclusions are unquestionably true. Case series analysis is a very weak statistical approach, and can only reliably suggest or refute relationships in very large samples. The samples in this case are small. The methodology used is therefore of marginal quality, and the authors readily acknowledge its limitations. Dr. and associates also present some data as graphs, without text support. This makes it impossible for the reader to check said graph data for accuracy, and tends to disguise the very small sample size used. It is customary that study results are written as a text, and then, a chart or a graph can be added, to emphasize a point. The authors report numbers clearly indicating a massive and persistent increase in autism over the years. They then do not offer any sensible cause for that increase to negate an MMR connection, and choose to conclude simply that their study fails to prove any causal relationship. Elsewhere, Dr. and associates, state that the age of diagnosis was the same before and after the introduction of the MMR vaccine, and then go on to deduct, that this is proof that the MMR vaccine therefore does not have a causative role, a conclusion I have difficulty with. On page 6, Dr. states in his discussion, in the last paragraph, that " There is uncertainty about whether the prevalence of autism is increasing " . This totally contradicts all what he reported through the article, and particularly the statement which immediately followed, " Our study is consistent with an increase in autism in recent birth cohorts. " It also contradicts the most impressive California report to the legislature. and my own, Autism 99, A National Emergency, in which I have clearly demonstrated a four to seven fold increase in the incidence of Autism in the last seven years. On page 7, third paragraph, Dr. states: " For age at first parental concern, no significant temporal clustering was seen for cases of core autism and atypical autism, with the exception of a single interval within six months of MMR vaccine associated with a peak in reported age of parental concern at 18 months. " In the next paragraph, Dr. states, " Our results do not support the hypothesis that MMR vaccination is causally related to autism " . I am personally unable to understand how he can make such a deduction after he himself reported a peak. But by far, the most serious problem I have with this study, is the case selection, ie the very data on which the paper is based. The MMR vaccination was started in the UK in 1988. The vaccine was originally administered around age fifteen months to avoid its neutralization by maternal antibodies. ( Lately, this has been changed to twelve months of age.) By selecting children born " after 1987 " , Dr. does not include in the post- MMR series, all children born in 1986 and 1987, who reached the age of 15 months in 1988, and received the vaccine at some time that year or later. Also not included were the 2, 3 and 4 year old children, whose parents had not immunized pre 88, and who received the MMR vaccine when it became available, or when the requirement was enforced. Finally, also excluded from the sample were many children who had received one of the single vaccines (Measles, Mumps or Rubella) from 1983 on, and who were given a booster of MMR in 88 or later. By excluding ALL these children, Dr. not only removes them from the after 1988 group, but indeed adds them to the pre-1988 statistics. I believe this flaw alone may compromise the whole study. In the first paragraph, Dr. and associates state that " we undertook the study to investigate whether the MMR vaccine may be causally associated with autism " . It rather seems to me that this study was undertaken to prove that there was no causal association between the two. Similarly, Dr. states in the last paragraph that his results " will reassure parents and others, who have been concerned about the possibility that the MMR vaccine is likely to cause Autism, and that they will help restore confidence in MMR vaccine " . To my knowledge no one has ever said that the MMR vaccine is " likely " to cause autism. Concerned parents have only requested that independent researchers investigate why certain somehow predisposed children exhibit autistic symptoms shortly after they receive the MMR vaccine. It also seems unlikely to me, that Dr. 's work has helped restore the confidence of those parents in this vaccine. It may soon be apparent that in spite of all the publicity that surrounded the publication of this study, it somehow " has missed the mark " . I do not believe Dr. and associates have significantly changed the picture. The following facts remain, 7 The incidence of Autism has increased significantly in the last decade. 7 There is every reason to believe that this trend will continue. 7 No one has proved that MMR vaccine plays a role in autism. 7 No one has proved conclusively that it does not. 7 Serious studies by independent researchers are desperately needed, to look into all aspects of this dreadful disease. F Yazbak, MD, FAAP NOTE, The above comments reflect my own views, and not the views or the positions of any of the organizations to which I belong. ____________________________________________________________ Message: 9 Date: 28 Jun 1999 03:23:07 -0000 From: parent@... Subject: Hi, I'm new Hello, I just joined the list and have been eagerly working my way through the archives.I have rheumatoid arthritis and MS. My oldest son (age15)has Aspergers, epilepsy, ADHD and learning disabilities. My second son (age14) has Down syndrome and a severe heat intolerance. My daughter is now ill with what looks like chronic fatigue and/or orthostatic intolerance. At the same time she became ill, she developed a severe allergy to milk.I've searched for research on possible connections to all this and I'm looking forward to sharing and learning with others on the list. Marie ____________________________________________________________________________ ___ ____________________________________________________________________________ ___ Message: 10 Date: Mon, 28 Jun 1999 01:49:58 PDT From: josiane herben <josianeherben@...> Subject: Re: Hi, I'm new >From: parent@... >Reply-onelist >onelist >Subject: Hi, I'm new >Date: 28 Jun 1999 03:23:07 -0000 > >From: parent@... > >Hello, >I just joined the list and have been eagerly working >my way through the archives.I have rheumatoid arthritis >and MS. My oldest son (age15)has Aspergers, epilepsy, ADHD and >learning disabilities. My second son (age14) has >Down syndrome and a severe heat intolerance. My >daughter is now ill with what looks like chronic >fatigue and/or orthostatic intolerance. At the same > time she became ill, she developed a severe >allergy to milk.I've searched for research on possible >connections to all this and I'm looking forward to > sharing and learning with others on the list. >Marie hello Marie, I am Josiane. I'm rather new on the list myself, so I don't feel I'm the right person to say " welcome " to you ! I just wanted to tell you that I really found some useful information on the list and I do hope you will find it too. I wish you a lot of strength and courage in all the problems you are facing. We are parents of a three year old girl, mentally disabled and autistic. The future doesn't look bright for her, but we will never stop fighting. Greetings, Josiane Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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