NIH website: Study on Adverse Inflammatroy effects of mold (Just like Shoemaker says!)

[Guest guest]

Found this on the NIH website. It says that bacteria should be considered as a

cause of adverse inflammatory effects in water damaged buildings......this is

what Shoemaker says in the the " Biotoxin Pathway "

http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/2003/5478/5478.html

We compared the inflammatory and cytotoxic responses caused by household mold

and bacteria in human and mouse cell lines. We studied the fungi Aspergillus

versicolor, Penicillium spinulosum, and Stachybotrys chartarum and the bacteria

Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Streptomyces californicus for

their cytotoxicity and ability to stimulate the production of inflammatory

mediators in mouse RAW264.7 and human 28SC macrophage cell lines and in the

human A549 lung epithelial cell line in 24-hr exposure to 105, 106, and 107

microbes/mL. We studied time dependency by terminating the exposure to 106

microbes/mL after 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr. We analyzed production of the

cytokines tumor necrosis factor- and interleukins 6 and 1ß (TNF-, IL-6, IL-1ß,

respectively) and measured nitric oxide production using the Griess method,

expression of inducible NO-synthase with Western Blot analysis, and cytotoxicity

with the MTT-test. All bacteria strongly induced the production of TNF-,

IL-6 and, to a lesser extent, the formation of IL-1ß in mouse macrophages. Only

the spores of Str. californicus induced the production of NO and IL-6 in both

human and mouse cells. In contrast, exposure to fungal strains did not markedly

increase the production of NO or any cytokine in the studied cell lines except

for Sta. chartarum, which increased IL-6 production somewhat in human lung

epithelial cells. These microbes were less cytotoxic to human cells than to

mouse cells. On the basis of equivalent numbers of bacteria and spores of fungi

added to cell cultures, the overall potency to stimulate the production of

proinflammatory mediators decreased in the order Ps. fluorescens > Str.

californicus > B. cereus > Sta. chartarum > A. versicolor > P. spinulosum. These

data suggest that bacteria in water-damaged buildings should also be considered

as causative agents of adverse inflammatory effects. Key words: bacteria,

cytokine production, fungi, inflammation, mold. Environ Health

Perspect 111:85-92 (2003). doi:10.1289/ehp.5478 available via

http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 4 December 2002]

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