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It seems to me that a big part of the problem in regards to perceptions about

the amygdala retraining is the entrenched idea about " psychological treatments. "

IE: " I have a physiological illness. This treatment implies it's all in my head.

Therefore, this treatment is wrong, and should be panned. "

I'm sorry...but this is simplistic and self-defeating. Considering the merits of

treatments must be a case-by-case thing, not reactively lumping them into a

basket labelled " psychological " at the first hint of language you are suspicious

about.

This is a fixed, defensive mindset which means anything in this realm is

instantly derided. It is akin to not listening to someone's ideas because they

are of different political/religious persuasion, rather than having an open mind

and engaging with what they say.

Surely the only criteria that matters is how effective a treatment is. Surely

the only way you can seriously critique a treatment is through having actually

engaged with it.

Seriously- can anyone deny that the " wired but tired " phenomena, coupled with

things like disturbed sleep, inability to handle stress, anxiety and sensitivity

to noise, light, odours, and chemicals, to name just a few symptoms, is a common

theme for CFS sufferers? How may people who have tried meditation or relaxation

exercises report that they are helpful? To be helped by something that acts

powerfully to soothe the central nervous system, thereby helping the whole gamut

of symptoms, does NOT make a condition any less real, or any less physiological.

On the other side of the ledger, how many people who slam something like CBT

have actually tried a professionally administered CBT programme? I must add

here, instantly, that (just in my opinion) I suspect CBT is only going to be of

limited use to a limited number of people, and probably only then in terms of

helping with outlook and coping with a chronic illness. My point is more that

people stand back and slam things based on superficial ideological notions,

rather than really looking into them and/or trying them.

As for this whole physiological/psychological false dichotomy: I'm sorry, but

people need to banish the notion that " psychological " interventions can't help

with physiological illnesses. I am stating without a shadow of a doubt that CFS

has a fundamental, physiological basis. I am also positive that huge

improvements can be made by addressing brian/central nervous system

dysregulation, and that this could, conceivably, be achieved in all sorts of

ways. Deciding that the amygdala is the particular culprit might be arbitrary

and purely theoretical, but that's of little relevance. The programme is still

geared to be a circuit-breaker to adress a hyper-sensitive CNS, no matter what

brain structure you want to point the finger at. Operating at a purely conscious

level with practical advice about thought patterns (say CBT) is unsophisticated

and will probably be of little use to most (in my opinion) but there is so much

more out there.

Re the potential power of such treatments. I read a fascinating story about a

Sydney hospital that introduced a properly run meditation programme. One patient

(a 20 yr old male) that attended had previously suffered from viral encephalitis

(ie viral infection of brain tissue), leading to severe, recurrent epileptic

fits. {Epilepsy is a clinically well-recognised complication of brain infection}

Prior to attending, he was suffering up to three seizures per day, a state of

affairs which was obviously destroying his life. After diligently applying the

meditation techniques he was taught at the clinic, he improved to the extent

that he had not had a seizure for a month when the article was written, and his

whole outlook re the future had been transformed. Would anybody argue that

severe epilepsy, caused by a viral infection of the brain, is anything other

than the most physiological of illnesses? I'd suggest that post-viral,

hyper-stimulation of the brain (in this case epilepsy) is extremely relevant to

many of us. (It's noteworthy, if you're into drugs, that many CFS sufferers get

relief with anti-convulsants such as Neurontin, Lamictal etc)

I'm getting off my pulpit now.

I think that these types of treatments are far more worthy of consideration than

the mind-numbing array of vitamins, nutritional supplements etc that propose to

cleanse, detoxify, transmogrify or defeat the hordes of mysterious bacteria,

viruses or parasites that (apparently) CFS sufferers are cursed with. Where is

the reactive scorn and derision when people post the lists of these treatments

they are dutifully pursuing, without a shred of evidence??

.

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" " <stephano@...> wrote:

>

> It seems to me that a big part of the problem in regards to

perceptions about the amygdala retraining is the entrenched idea

about " psychological treatments. "

>

> IE: " I have a physiological illness. This treatment implies it's

all in my head. Therefore, this treatment is wrong, and should be

panned. "

> I'm sorry...but this is simplistic and self-defeating. Considering

the merits of treatments must be a case-by-case thing, not

reactively lumping them into a basket labelled " psychological " at the

first hint of language you are suspicious about.

>

> This is a fixed, defensive mindset which means anything in this

realm is instantly derided. It is akin to not listening to someone's

ideas because they are of different political/religious persuasion,

rather than having an open mind and engaging with what they say.

> Surely the only criteria that matters is how effective a treatment

is. Surely the only way you can seriously critique a treatment is

through having actually engaged with it.

>

Aren't you being a bit overly defensive?

All I said was that if mental intervention is proven to be

effective, it means that mental intervention is proven to be

effective. That speaks for itself.

And that means that the people who have been insisting for all these

years that CFSers need some mental intervention are vindicated.

They tried so hard, and CFSers were so stubborn, but they kept

trying to tell us to change our attitudes - I guess they deserve a

really big apology.

" No evidence " for the viral and bacterial infections that CFSers

claim to be cursed with?

Are you claiming that the evidence showing viral and bacterial

infections doesn't really exist?

That's news to me, but wonders never cease.

If ME/CFS proves to be an illness that has no viral and bacterial

infections and is effectively addressed with mental interventions,

would you still categorize it as a physical illness?

Don't you think it would be a bit embarrassing, after all the

treatments, the research, the findings of immunological

abnormalities, to learn that this illness is more effectively treated

by changing one's aberrant mental " fight or flight " over-response?

(The fact that some people don't have it and that others can change

it to a " correct " mental response indicates that is aberrant)

Still, we must keep an open mind and move forward, regardless of the

consequences. Nobody wants to stay entrenched in old thinking.

But won't it be sad to learn that all the people on the memorial

lists, and those who have lost their jobs, ruined their lives...

might have avoided it all by changing their minds?

A real shocker!

And won't it be a surprise?, for all those people who fought so hard

to get SSDI to find out that it is going to stop, because their

proven treatment is at hand, and hopefully they won't be too stubborn

about accepting it, because failure to comply and get better is an

indication that they aren't cooperating with the therapy.

I suppose it won't do any good to tell the judge that this kind of

mental retraining treatment is wrong for them, as that would be

simplistic and self defeating, wouldn't it?

To paraphrase Cpt. Farragut, " Damn the torpids, full speed ahead! "

-

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Wrote:

.......................

>Aren't you being a bit overly defensive?

>All I said was that if mental intervention is proven to be

>effective, it means that mental intervention is proven to be

>effective. That speaks for itself.

Actually I was answering a range of negative responses towards the Ashok Gupta

programme, not just yours. You'll note quite a few people have commented on the

programme.

> " No evidence " for the viral and bacterial infections that CFSers

>claim to be cursed with?

>Are you claiming that the evidence showing viral and bacterial

>infections doesn't really exist?

>That's news to me, but wonders never cease.

Perhaps if you focussed a little more on actually reading and understanding

posts rather than on seeing how glib/cynical you could make your responses,

you'd see that I was talking about whether an infection is ongoing or not. Of

course infection is implicated in triggering CFS; the debate surrounds whether

continued symptoms means there is still an infection, or whether the initial

insult has caused neurological/CNS dyregulation which could trigger immune

responses such as sort throats, inflammation, enlarged lymph nodes etc. For

example- I know someone with these type of " infection-type " symptoms prominent

in her CFS who was amazed to see they were eliminated with an

anti-convulsant.(IE- A central nervous system depressant)

>If ME/CFS proves to be an illness that has no viral and bacterial

>infections and is effectively addressed with mental interventions,

>would you still categorize it as a physical illness?

Again- Did you actually read what I wrote? My points concerning this question

are crystal clear. By all means disagree, but there's not much point in

continuing if you're not actually addressing what I said.

>Don't you think it would be a bit embarrassing, after all the

>treatments, the research, the findings of immunological

>abnormalities, to learn that this illness is more effectively treated

>by changing one's aberrant mental " fight or flight " over-response?

>(The fact that some people don't have it and that others can change

>it to a " correct " mental response indicates that is aberrant)

>Still, we must keep an open mind and move forward, regardless of the

>consequences. Nobody wants to stay entrenched in old thinking.

>But won't it be sad to learn that all the people on the memorial

>lists, and those who have lost their jobs, ruined their lives...

>might have avoided it all by changing their minds?

>A real shocker!

>And won't it be a surprise?, for all those people who fought so hard

>to get SSDI to find out that it is going to stop, because their

>proven treatment is at hand, and hopefully they won't be too stubborn

>about accepting it, because failure to comply and get better is an

>indication that they aren't cooperating with the therapy.

>I suppose it won't do any good to tell the judge that this kind of

>mental retraining treatment is wrong for them, as that would be

>simplistic and self defeating, wouldn't it?

I wonder why you feel the need to incorporate a constantly mocking tone? It's a

bit childish and undermines any legitimate points you might otherwise make.

This, coupled with the fact that you completely fail to actually address the

points I was making makes any dialogue seem a bit pointless.

At any rate, I'll try again. I have already put forward an argument for the

range of test anomalies that people (including me) have. I am saying, in my

opinion, there is a good chance they are a " downstream " phenomenon, and the

primary problem is a central, neurological one. I was quite explicit about

stating CFS is an illness with a physiological basis. My point was that

sophisticated treatments aimed at addressing neurological dysregulation could be

very effective. If you choose to interpret that perjoratively and simplistically

as people just needing to " change their minds " then that's your

prerogative....but it's lazy and it totally misrepresents what I am saying. Try

a bit harder.

I specifically pointed out that I thought CBT was unsophisticated and unlikely

to do much beyond helping with coping tactics and outlook. I then gave an

example of what something else, a diligantly applied meditation programme,

working beyond the conscious mind, had achieved.

My whole point, and again I think it was very clear, was that you can't just

lump all these types of treatments into one " psychological " basket with all the

negative connotations that go with it. It has to be case by case. If a Wessely

tells you to " just think positive and exercise more " then he is an idiot. If

someone else says there's a physiological problem involving an over-sensitised

central nervous system and I think my programme can help by addressing that with

techniques involving such things as meditation, hypnosis, etc etc, then I would

say it's worthy of consideration. At the very least, I think that concept of the

illness mechanism has a lot of validity for a lot of people, irrespective of how

effective the treatment turns out to be. Certainly, other researchers such as

Goldstein and Cheney have conceptualised the illness in these terms.

Please feel free to disagree, but please do so by actually addressing the

specific things I'm saying.

.

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I find it interesting that the various " health insurance " companies

often are not willing to pay for basic testing for the various

viruses, (at least that is what a Cigna document I saw yesterday said)

but that if a person paid for them on their own and they showed

definitively that someone had something that then they would treat it.

I think their reluctance is a function of the cost and possibility

that a patient would have to take ten or fifteen tests before perhaps

finding the right virus or infection or whatever. (given that doctors

often refuse to listen to what the pateint says about probable causes)

and that SIMPLY BUNDLING ALL OF THE BLOOD TESTS TOGETHER with one

blood draw for the whole shebang, would solve a LOT of that problem.

Instead, perhaps they steer the patient to psychiatrists hoping that

the patient will just give up, go away and die.

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`Based in New York, Dr Diamond is a founding member of The Royal College of

Psychiatrists. In an extract from his recent book (Facets of a Diamond 2003) in

the October 2003 issue of the journal “What Doctors Don’t Tell Youâ€,

Diamond says “I am no longer a psychiatrist. I renounce it because I believe

cruelty is at the core of the profession (and) I believe that there is something

inherent in the profession that tends to bring out any cruelty lurking within.

I have long wondered why this profession --- which ought to be so compassionate

– has, it seems to me, turned its back on humanityâ€.

I am thinking that some psychiatrists have chosen this profession because of

their narcissism.Some narcissists who enjoy seeing weakness of others,like

playing with others and who are cruel are unconsciously preferring this

profession.It is a best place for a narcissist to obtain his/her `narcissistic

supply`. Psychiatry is a profession which requires a lot of love. These

narcissists lack love.Narcissists many times are not aware of their problems so

I think every student who wishes to study psychiatry should be allowed there

after taking a personality disorder test.Someone who is going to treat

behavioral disorders need to be free of those disorders at least to a certain

extend.When narcissists are eliminated from this profession it may turn towards

humanity.

ps: don't know Wessely. I am talking in general.

bw

Nil

Re: The CFS sufferer's psychology concerning

" psychological " .

I find it interesting that the various " health insurance " companies

often are not willing to pay for basic testing for the various

viruses, (at least that is what a Cigna document I saw yesterday said)

but that if a person paid for them on their own and they showed

definitively that someone had something that then they would treat it.

I think their reluctance is a function of the cost and possibility

that a patient would have to take ten or fifteen tests before perhaps

finding the right virus or infection or whatever. (given that doctors

often refuse to listen to what the pateint says about probable causes)

and that SIMPLY BUNDLING ALL OF THE BLOOD TESTS TOGETHER with one

blood draw for the whole shebang, would solve a LOT of that problem.

Instead, perhaps they steer the patient to psychiatrists hoping that

the patient will just give up, go away and die.

This list is intended for patients to share personal experiences with each

other, not to give medical advice. If you are interested in any treatment

discussed here, please consult your doctor.

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" " <stephano@...> wrote:

> Perhaps if you focussed a little more on actually reading and

understanding posts rather than on seeing how glib/cynical you could

make your responses, you'd see that I was talking about whether an

infection is ongoing or not. Of course infection is implicated in

triggering CFS; the debate surrounds whether continued symptoms means

there is still an infection, or whether the initial insult has caused

neurological/CNS dyregulation which could trigger immune responses

such as sort throats, inflammation, enlarged lymph nodes etc. For

example- I know someone with these type of " infection-type " symptoms

prominent in her CFS who was amazed to see they were eliminated with

an anti-convulsant.(IE- A central nervous system depressant)

>

Quote: " Somehow, any intervention that has any

perceived 'psychological' elements isinstantly deemed to be useless,

false and heretic by the zealots. How on earth can you know this? How

can you be certain? Certaintly is based on a mindset, namely, " I have

a physical illness, so what good are treatments that intervene

in a psychological way going to be. " But....... this is fallacious,

because the physical/psychological distinction is equally fallacious.

Gupta's programme is just another intervention. The only way it

should be judged is whether it is helpful/effective or not. Concepts

of psychological v physical are totally arbitrary and of no use to

anyone. "

_______________________________________________________________

Yes, I read your words and they are quite clear.

Your concept is that the original trigger may be gone - and the

ongoing problems are an inappropriate psychological " over-reaction " .

That's is the Wessely school paradigm.

They use stories of recovery by psychological interventions as

evidence that until all the scientific ducks are in a row, they have

every right to " Help " people on the basis of " evidence based

medicine " .

Those of us who, in Dr Cheney's words " Have no detectable mood

disorder " think that money and effort expended in this direction does

not address our needs. We believe that if some people don't have the

mental maladaptive behaviors that " retraining " is aimed at, this

therapy is misdirected at a comorbid psychological condition, but not

at the core of CFS itself.

We believe that the mere existence of people who lack these

maladaptive behaviors is evidence enough that they are not inherent

to the physical illness.

The Wessely school has been " keeping it's foot in the door " by

saying that " mind/body " connections cannot be separated for purposes

of research and treatment.

I would say that by subscribing to the notion that the physical

trigger might be gone - but that the illness is now " fight-or flight-

adrenal-depletion " from a maladaptive mental state, you are booting

people right THROUGH the door - into the mental clinic.

Because no matter how much you insist that this is a physical illness

that is kept ongoing by psychological responses - the mental clinic

is where you get the corrective therapy relevant to aberrant

pychological responses.

-

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>Surely the only criteria that matters is how effective a treatment is. Surely

the only way you can seriously critique a >treatment is through having actually

engaged with it.

,

How many lives would we need to try all therapies that have been dreamt up by

the various doctors, psychologists, psychiatrists, naturopaths, homeopaths etc ?

I'll only try what I have assessed as having a chance of working, can't try all

and every therapy without at least having made a good educated guess at what

appears to be at play, and AFAIC CBT or other psychological interventions just

don't make enough sense to waste time, effort and money on.

Antibiotics and antiprotozoans have saved my life not meditating not vitamins

Nelly

The CFS sufferer's psychology concerning

" psychological " .

It seems to me that a big part of the problem in regards to perceptions about

the amygdala retraining is the entrenched idea about " psychological treatments. "

IE: " I have a physiological illness. This treatment implies it's all in my

head. Therefore, this treatment is wrong, and should be panned. "

I'm sorry...but this is simplistic and self-defeating. Considering the merits

of treatments must be a case-by-case thing, not reactively lumping them into a

basket labelled " psychological " at the first hint of language you are suspicious

about.

This is a fixed, defensive mindset which means anything in this realm is

instantly derided. It is akin to not listening to someone's ideas because they

are of different political/religious persuasion, rather than having an open mind

and engaging with what they say.

Surely the only criteria that matters is how effective a treatment is. Surely

the only way you can seriously critique a treatment is through having actually

engaged with it.

Seriously- can anyone deny that the " wired but tired " phenomena, coupled with

things like disturbed sleep, inability to handle stress, anxiety and sensitivity

to noise, light, odours, and chemicals, to name just a few symptoms, is a common

theme for CFS sufferers? How may people who have tried meditation or relaxation

exercises report that they are helpful? To be helped by something that acts

powerfully to soothe the central nervous system, thereby helping the whole gamut

of symptoms, does NOT make a condition any less real, or any less physiological.

On the other side of the ledger, how many people who slam something like CBT

have actually tried a professionally administered CBT programme? I must add

here, instantly, that (just in my opinion) I suspect CBT is only going to be of

limited use to a limited number of people, and probably only then in terms of

helping with outlook and coping with a chronic illness. My point is more that

people stand back and slam things based on superficial ideological notions,

rather than really looking into them and/or trying them.

As for this whole physiological/psychological false dichotomy: I'm sorry, but

people need to banish the notion that " psychological " interventions can't help

with physiological illnesses. I am stating without a shadow of a doubt that CFS

has a fundamental, physiological basis. I am also positive that huge

improvements can be made by addressing brian/central nervous system

dysregulation, and that this could, conceivably, be achieved in all sorts of

ways. Deciding that the amygdala is the particular culprit might be arbitrary

and purely theoretical, but that's of little relevance. The programme is still

geared to be a circuit-breaker to adress a hyper-sensitive CNS, no matter what

brain structure you want to point the finger at. Operating at a purely conscious

level with practical advice about thought patterns (say CBT) is unsophisticated

and will probably be of little use to most (in my opinion) but there is so much

more out there.

Re the potential power of such treatments. I read a fascinating story about a

Sydney hospital that introduced a properly run meditation programme. One patient

(a 20 yr old male) that attended had previously suffered from viral encephalitis

(ie viral infection of brain tissue), leading to severe, recurrent epileptic

fits. {Epilepsy is a clinically well-recognised complication of brain infection}

Prior to attending, he was suffering up to three seizures per day, a state of

affairs which was obviously destroying his life. After diligently applying the

meditation techniques he was taught at the clinic, he improved to the extent

that he had not had a seizure for a month when the article was written, and his

whole outlook re the future had been transformed. Would anybody argue that

severe epilepsy, caused by a viral infection of the brain, is anything other

than the most physiological of illnesses? I'd suggest that post-viral,

hyper-stimulation of the brain (in this case epilepsy) is extremely relevant to

many of us. (It's noteworthy, if you're into drugs, that many CFS sufferers get

relief with anti-convulsants such as Neurontin, Lamictal etc)

I'm getting off my pulpit now.

I think that these types of treatments are far more worthy of consideration

than the mind-numbing array of vitamins, nutritional supplements etc that

propose to cleanse, detoxify, transmogrify or defeat the hordes of mysterious

bacteria, viruses or parasites that (apparently) CFS sufferers are cursed with.

Where is the reactive scorn and derision when people post the lists of these

treatments they are dutifully pursuing, without a shred of evidence??

.

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This is completely true. i have read that ALL serial killers are

narcissists. Nobody else would do

things like that. They have no conscience but they also are incredibly

good at hiding this.

narcissists are attracted in disproportionate numbers to professions

that elicit respect and awe in others.

Politics, law, the clergy, and many others have more narcissists than

normal, its thought, but its hard to estimate

their numbers because they NEVER seek professional help. I have

personal experience with narcissists and its

not something that I would wish on anybody. They define evil.

Don't ever turn your back on them, they will stab you in it.

Really, they leave a trail of broken lives and dreams behind them.

They can't feel. Promises mean nothing to them.

They see compassion in others as a weakness to be exploited.

They are the people who can and will NEVER admit that they are wrong.

Some of the leaders of the worst disasters in history have been narcissists.

they typically had terrible childhoods with distant and abusive parents.

That period from age five to age seven or eight is a crucial time for

personality development and most narcissists have been deprived of

love and security at that crucial time.

thats why early childhood education is so important.

fascism is a sort of narcissistic end state, really all totalistic

organizations are run by narcissists.

Others would call them 'cults'. Cults will bring ruin on all in them

and others rather than allow themselves

to be exposed. Sometimes nations can be engaged in cultlike behavior too.

When their reality distortion fields fail, they fail catastrophically.

Never love somebody who can't love you back.

On Jan 14, 2008 11:09 AM, Nil <yildiz22@...> wrote:

>

> `Based in New York, Dr Diamond is a founding member of The Royal

> College of Psychiatrists. In an extract from his recent book (Facets of a

> Diamond 2003) in the October 2003 issue of the journal " What Doctors Don't

> Tell You " , Diamond says " I am no longer a psychiatrist. I renounce it

> because I believe cruelty is at the core of the profession (and) I believe

> that there is something inherent in the profession that tends to bring out

> any cruelty lurking within. I have long wondered why this profession ---

> which ought to be so compassionate – has, it seems to me, turned its back on

> humanity " .

>

> I am thinking that some psychiatrists have chosen this profession because

> of their narcissism.Some narcissists who enjoy seeing weakness of

> others,like playing with others and who are cruel are unconsciously

> preferring this profession.It is a best place for a narcissist to obtain

> his/her `narcissistic supply`. Psychiatry is a profession which requires a

> lot of love. These narcissists lack love.Narcissists many times are not

> aware of their problems so I think every student who wishes to study

> psychiatry should be allowed there after taking a personality disorder

> test.Someone who is going to treat behavioral disorders need to be free of

> those disorders at least to a certain extend.When narcissists are eliminated

> from this profession it may turn towards humanity.

>

> ps: don't know Wessely. I am talking in general.

>

> bw

>

> Nil

>

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Spoken like someone who has lived it. Amen. I truly know and agree with what

you are saying. - Khaly

LiveSimply <quackadillian@...> wrote: This is completely true. i have

read that ALL serial killers are

narcissists. Nobody else would do

things like that. They have no conscience but they also are incredibly

good at hiding this.

narcissists are attracted in disproportionate numbers to professions

that elicit respect and awe in others.

Politics, law, the clergy, and many others have more narcissists than

normal, its thought, but its hard to estimate

their numbers because they NEVER seek professional help. I have

personal experience with narcissists and its

not something that I would wish on anybody. They define evil.

Don't ever turn your back on them, they will stab you in it.

Really, they leave a trail of broken lives and dreams behind them.

They can't feel. Promises mean nothing to them.

They see compassion in others as a weakness to be exploited.

They are the people who can and will NEVER admit that they are wrong.

Some of the leaders of the worst disasters in history have been narcissists.

they typically had terrible childhoods with distant and abusive parents.

That period from age five to age seven or eight is a crucial time for

personality development and most narcissists have been deprived of

love and security at that crucial time.

thats why early childhood education is so important.

fascism is a sort of narcissistic end state, really all totalistic

organizations are run by narcissists.

Others would call them 'cults'. Cults will bring ruin on all in them

and others rather than allow themselves

to be exposed. Sometimes nations can be engaged in cultlike behavior too.

When their reality distortion fields fail, they fail catastrophically.

Never love somebody who can't love you back.

On Jan 14, 2008 11:09 AM, Nil wrote:

>

> `Based in New York, Dr Diamond is a founding member of The Royal

> College of Psychiatrists. In an extract from his recent book (Facets of a

> Diamond 2003) in the October 2003 issue of the journal " What Doctors Don't

> Tell You " , Diamond says " I am no longer a psychiatrist. I renounce it

> because I believe cruelty is at the core of the profession (and) I believe

> that there is something inherent in the profession that tends to bring out

> any cruelty lurking within. I have long wondered why this profession ---

> which ought to be so compassionate – has, it seems to me, turned its back on

> humanity " .

>

> I am thinking that some psychiatrists have chosen this profession because

> of their narcissism.Some narcissists who enjoy seeing weakness of

> others,like playing with others and who are cruel are unconsciously

> preferring this profession.It is a best place for a narcissist to obtain

> his/her `narcissistic supply`. Psychiatry is a profession which requires a

> lot of love. These narcissists lack love.Narcissists many times are not

> aware of their problems so I think every student who wishes to study

> psychiatry should be allowed there after taking a personality disorder

> test.Someone who is going to treat behavioral disorders need to be free of

> those disorders at least to a certain extend.When narcissists are eliminated

> from this profession it may turn towards humanity.

>

> ps: don't know Wessely. I am talking in general.

>

> bw

>

> Nil

>

This list is intended for patients to share personal experiences with each

other, not to give medical advice. If you are interested in any treatment

discussed here, please consult your doctor.

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I concur with your point that the results are what matters.

I also beleive that there is no dichotomy of mind and body.

IMHO CFS is an illness with real physical effects/stronghods.

However I for one will not let any treatment that shows promise go

untried. Stress makes me worse, because it creates NO.

Why am trying Gupta's protocol? I believe that Dr. Pall is on to

something with his theory. I believe that Gupta's goal of reducing

an overstimulated CNS might farther reduce NO production and its

sequale. I see Dr. Pall's and Gupta's treatment as complementary.

Attacking the problem of excess NO by suplements that cancel them

(Dr. Pall) and by protocols that may reduce its excesive production

by calming the CNS. All just a belief based on my understanding of

Dr. Pall book.

I only try protocols based on a benefit/cost ratio after I determine

that at least a few have been greatly helped. Dr. Pall and Gupta both

claimed to be in 100% remision for years. I think that is GREAT.

Someone is getting 100% better!!!!! For more that a decasde I NEVER

heard of such things (PWC for 15 years) I want to be next in the 100%

remission for years club!

I just need to put the time and get past lesson one of Gupta's!

>

> It seems to me that a big part of the problem in regards to

perceptions about the amygdala retraining is the entrenched idea

about " psychological treatments. "

>

> IE: " I have a physiological illness. This treatment implies it's

all in my head. Therefore, this treatment is wrong, and should be

panned. "

> I'm sorry...but this is simplistic and self-defeating. Considering

the merits of treatments must be a case-by-case thing, not

reactively lumping them into a basket labelled " psychological " at the

first hint of language you are suspicious about.

>

> This is a fixed, defensive mindset which means anything in this

realm is instantly derided. It is akin to not listening to someone's

ideas because they are of different political/religious persuasion,

rather than having an open mind and engaging with what they say.

> Surely the only criteria that matters is how effective a treatment

is. Surely the only way you can seriously critique a treatment is

through having actually engaged with it.

>

> Seriously- can anyone deny that the " wired but tired " phenomena,

coupled with things like disturbed sleep, inability to handle stress,

anxiety and sensitivity to noise, light, odours, and chemicals, to

name just a few symptoms, is a common theme for CFS sufferers? How

may people who have tried meditation or relaxation exercises report

that they are helpful? To be helped by something that acts powerfully

to soothe the central nervous system, thereby helping the whole gamut

of symptoms, does NOT make a condition any less real, or any less

physiological.

>

> On the other side of the ledger, how many people who slam something

like CBT have actually tried a professionally administered CBT

programme? I must add here, instantly, that (just in my opinion) I

suspect CBT is only going to be of limited use to a limited number of

people, and probably only then in terms of helping with outlook and

coping with a chronic illness. My point is more that people stand

back and slam things based on superficial ideological notions, rather

than really looking into them and/or trying them.

>

> As for this whole physiological/psychological false dichotomy: I'm

sorry, but people need to banish the notion that " psychological "

interventions can't help with physiological illnesses. I am stating

without a shadow of a doubt that CFS has a fundamental, physiological

basis. I am also positive that huge improvements can be made by

addressing brian/central nervous system dysregulation, and that this

could, conceivably, be achieved in all sorts of ways. Deciding that

the amygdala is the particular culprit might be arbitrary and purely

theoretical, but that's of little relevance. The programme is still

geared to be a circuit-breaker to adress a hyper-sensitive CNS, no

matter what brain structure you want to point the finger at.

Operating at a purely conscious level with practical advice about

thought patterns (say CBT) is unsophisticated and will probably be of

little use to most (in my opinion) but there is so much more out

there.

>

> Re the potential power of such treatments. I read a fascinating

story about a Sydney hospital that introduced a properly run

meditation programme. One patient (a 20 yr old male) that attended

had previously suffered from viral encephalitis (ie viral infection

of brain tissue), leading to severe, recurrent epileptic fits.

{Epilepsy is a clinically well-recognised complication of brain

infection}

>

> Prior to attending, he was suffering up to three seizures per day,

a state of affairs which was obviously destroying his life. After

diligently applying the meditation techniques he was taught at the

clinic, he improved to the extent that he had not had a seizure for a

month when the article was written, and his whole outlook re the

future had been transformed. Would anybody argue that severe

epilepsy, caused by a viral infection of the brain, is anything other

than the most physiological of illnesses? I'd suggest that post-

viral, hyper-stimulation of the brain (in this case epilepsy) is

extremely relevant to many of us. (It's noteworthy, if you're into

drugs, that many CFS sufferers get relief with anti-convulsants such

as Neurontin, Lamictal etc)

>

> I'm getting off my pulpit now.

> I think that these types of treatments are far more worthy of

consideration than the mind-numbing array of vitamins, nutritional

supplements etc that propose to cleanse, detoxify, transmogrify or

defeat the hordes of mysterious bacteria, viruses or parasites that

(apparently) CFS sufferers are cursed with. Where is the reactive

scorn and derision when people post the lists of these treatments

they are dutifully pursuing, without a shred of evidence??

>

> .

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wrote:

>Your concept is that the original trigger may be gone - and the

>ongoing problems are an inappropriate psychological " over-reaction " .

>That's is the Wessely school paradigm.

>They use stories of recovery by psychological interventions as

>evidence that until all the scientific ducks are in a row, they have

>every right to " Help " people on the basis of " evidence based

>medicine " .

............................

I really think we need to be clear about this. I'm sorry, but to equate what I'm

saying with the Wesseley school stuff is patently wrong. Wesseley et al (as I

understand it) talk about utterly ridiculous things such as some sort of

secondary gain from illness, 'mistaken' beliefs about physical illness etc. They

basically say CFS sufferers perpetuate their illness through attitudes which are

at odds with reality. EG We are supposedly unreasonably fearful of exercise so

should do graded exercise etc etc. Hence the term undeserving sick....we think

we are sick, but we are " really " not. CBT should push us out of our maladaptive

beliefs and behaviours, thus allowing us to get on with life.

How you can lump that (nonsense) in with what I'm saying baffles me. I am

another sufferer, like all the rest of the list. I know it's real and I know it

destroys lives. I don't need to ask anyone else about it...I can just look at

the eleven plus years that I've already lost. " Inappropriate psychological

over-reaction " as you put it, completely misrepresents what I am saying. Try

" dysregulated neurological function " or " dysregulated central nervous system

function " instead. This may or may not be a result of initial infection....and

the suppressant effect disturbed CNS has on the immune system may make people

more and more susceptible to future infection.

As an aside- This central dysregulation can directly cause anxiety etc. You

seem to have an iron-cast definition of this symptom as " psychological. " I'm

telling you, with 100% certaintly, that physiological illnesses can include

" psychological " symptoms as part of the illness. Not just 'reactive' and not

just 'co-morbid'. If you don't believe that then you need to do some research.

..........................................................

>Those of us who, in Dr Cheney's words " Have no detectable mood

>disorder " think that money and effort expended in this direction does

>not address our needs. We believe that if some people don't have the

>mental maladaptive behaviors that " retraining " is aimed at, this

>therapy is misdirected at a comorbid psychological condition, but not

>at the core of CFS itself.

>We believe that the mere existence of people who lack these

>maladaptive behaviors is evidence enough that they are not inherent

>to the physical illness.

..............................................

I'm glad you brought up Cheney. The following is from an article detailing

Cheney's thoughts on the condition a few years ago:

.............

In CFIDS, an ongoing injury to the brain shifts patients toward seizure. A dot

to the left of the middle, marked " injury, " represents the position of CFIDS

patients. This puts us in the red " Neurotoxic " zone. When we shift toward

seizure, we often experience " sensory overload. " It's as if our brain's " radar "

is too sensitive. Our neurons (nerve cells) are sensing stimuli and firing when

they should not. This causes amplification of sensory input. Light, noise,

motion and pain are all magnified. At the beginning of their illness, many

patients report feeling exhausted, yet also strangely " wired. " The " wired "

feeling is the slight shift towards seizure that occurs as a result of the

excitatory neurotoxicity.

From http://www.immunesupport.com/library/showarticle.cfm?ID=3154

...........

Again- it's not about " mental maladaptive behaviours " ! It's about a brain that,

like any other part of the body, can become dysregulated/damaged.

The stuff I am talking about is sourced, in part, from Cheney!

And- fair enough- If you don't have any of the over-firing/dysregulated CNS type

symptoms then I can totally understand why you might doubt what I'm saying has

any worth. However, these type of symptoms are consistently reported and

consistently defined in CFS literature.

........................

>The Wessely school has been " keeping it's foot in the door " by

>saying that " mind/body " connections cannot be separated for purposes

>of research and treatment.

>I would say that by subscribing to the notion that the physical

>trigger might be gone - but that the illness is now " fight-or flight-

>adrenal-depletion " from a maladaptive mental state, you are booting

>people right THROUGH the door - into the mental clinic.

>Because no matter how much you insist that this is a physical illness

>that is kept ongoing by psychological responses - the mental clinic

>is where you get the corrective therapy relevant to aberrant

>pychological responses.

..................................

I am definitely not saying that the physical trigger is gone, but conceivably

that it has changed. EG- Virus + being extremely busy/physically active etc

might be initial trigger, then resultant damage/dysregulation to brain/CNS might

perpetuate illness.

I am NOT saying it's a physical illness that's kept going by psychological

responses. Those are your words. You keep trying to apply them to what I am

saying and I keep telling you they are misrepresenting what I am saying. You

can't just apply Wessely to what I'm saying because it's convenient! It also

happens to be totally wrong.

Maybe we have to agree to disagree.

All the best,

.

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Nelly wrote:

............................

>,

>How many lives would we need to try all therapies that have been dreamt up by

the >various doctors, psychologists, psychiatrists, naturopaths, homeopaths etc

?

>I'll only try what I have assessed as having a chance of working, can't try all

and every >therapy without at least having made a good educated guess at what

appears to be at >play, and AFAIC CBT or other psychological interventions just

don't make enough >sense to waste time, effort and money on.

>Antibiotics and antiprotozoans have saved my life not meditating not vitamins

..............................

Fair enough. I would never discredit anyone's decisions or individual

circumstances. I (personally) agree that CBT is of very limited worth. My point

was more about not lumping everything with perceived " psychological " elements

into the same basket, in terms of whether they could be effective. Treatments

that might come under this banner vary greatly.

EG- Wessely and Gupta's approaches might both be ascribed

" psychological " status....but they are poles apart. Gupta is explicit in his

beliefs about the physiological nature of the condition.

Glad you have found something that has helped :)

.

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" " <stephano@...> wrote:

>

> wrote:

>

>

> >Your concept is that the original trigger may be gone - and the

> >ongoing problems are an inappropriate psychological " over-

reaction " .

> >That's is the Wessely school paradigm.

> >They use stories of recovery by psychological interventions as

> >evidence that until all the scientific ducks are in a row, they

have

> >every right to " Help " people on the basis of " evidence based

> >medicine " .

> ...........................

>

> I really think we need to be clear about this. I'm sorry, but to

equate what I'm saying with the Wesseley school stuff is patently

wrong. Wesseley et al (as I understand it) talk about utterly

ridiculous things such as some sort of secondary gain from

illness, 'mistaken' beliefs about physical illness etc. They

basically say CFS sufferers perpetuate their illness through

attitudes which are at odds with reality. EG We are supposedly

unreasonably fearful of exercise so should do graded exercise etc

etc. Hence the term undeserving sick....we think we are sick, but we

are " really " not. CBT should push us out of our maladaptive beliefs

and behaviours, thus allowing us to get on with life.

>

> How you can lump that (nonsense) in with what I'm saying baffles

me.

>

Because you just said it AGAIN.

Perhaps you need to do a bit more research, to see that Wessely

agrees that some minor illness or infection " triggered " your

maladaptive " fight or flight " response, but that it is surely your

own over-fixation on these symptoms which is at odds with reality.

That if you lacked this inappropriate " fear " response when a

stressful thought strikes, you would not overstimulate your immune

system and recover like any normal person.

Unbelievable.

You condemn Professor Wessely's views and then reiterate that they

are correct, over and over.

How can I not lump you in with that nonsense when you repeat it?

-

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When lab animals are innoculated with pathogens, are their illness

manifestations dependent upon their " mind/body " response?

That is, the way each animal perceives their illness?

Is the main obstacle to a test-animals abilty to take advantage of the

mind/body " retraining " that it is extremely difficult to get them to

understand the method.

-

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wrote:

...........................

>Perhaps you need to do a bit more research, to see that Wessely

agrees that some minor illness or infection " triggered " your

maladaptive " fight or flight " response, but that it is surely your

own over-fixation on these symptoms which is at odds with reality.

That if you lacked this inappropriate " fear " response when a

stressful thought strikes, you would not overstimulate your immune

system and recover like any normal person.

Unbelievable.

You condemn Professor Wessely's views and then reiterate that they

are correct, over and over.

>How can I not lump you in with that nonsense when you repeat it?

...................................

There's nothing to be achieved by repeating myself. You are interpreting what

I'm saying in a way which simply distorts my meaning, or correlates with your

particular distinction between psychological and physiological. I don't share

that view, as I have clearly explained...so we are basically not communicating.

If you're maintaining what I'm saying is as per Wessely, how can you choose to

ignore the large differences between what I'm saying and Wessely's 'blame the

victim' approach?

The reason people with CFS have to be extremely careful with exercise (for

example) is because we know how destructive it can be if we overdo it. I know

what it's like to spend days in bed after overdoing it. There's nothing in the

sufferer's attitude that is at odds with reality, as you point out Wessely

argues.

So- Intolerance to exercise and post-exertional malaise is an undeniable fact.

It's not a distorted attitude or unreasonable fear that is the problem. Our

attitude is in line with reality. The problem (if this theory is right) is a

result of a dysfunctional brain/central nervous system which, because they

directly affect all bodily systems, means your whole system is stuffed. EG- You

might be respiring anaerobically instead of aerobically (meaning massive lactic

acid production) and/or whatever other physiological exercise-related processes

are affected.

Now...if you are maintaining that this can ONLY be categorised as

" psychological " ,...because it's the brain that is affected (which leads to

everything else)..... then I disagree 100% and there is no point in us

discussing it. I just wish you could be clear and say this, if that's what you

mean.

No amount of CBT (in my opinion) is going to change my exercise tolerance.

However, I have been able to improve my exercise tolerance (and other symptoms)

with a Goldstein drug which suppressed the overactice/oversensitive CNS. It

wasn't sustainable, because it went too far, (the side-effects outweighed the

gains) but the point is it really worked for a period of time. Also, some of the

benefits lasted long after I came off the drug.

Meditation and yoga have helped in the same way. I see the Gupta stuff in the

same light. Hopefully, it is something that can help to address central

dysregulation. It's not going to do anything to change my " attitude " , which will

always remain positive and in line with doing as much as I can within whatever

limitations the illness imposes.

I really can't say any more. I'm just repeating myself in different ways.

Cheers,

.

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,

I hope you know I despise Wessely and all like him. I want nothing I do or

say to aid them and their kind (includes Reeves and much/all of CDC).

I have followed this thread sporadically, but with interest.

I pose the following question, as a way to try and weed through the various

ideas.

What if we were at the stage where we knew about H. Pylori, or some organism

yet unknown, but no effective drug was available.

If specific techniques to reduce stress, or better handle it, improved the

condition, would it be invalid to apply them? Would it be valid to even

think about them or try them? Would it still be feeding the " stress causes

ulcers " theory to try these techniques?

(This is not to say I know anything about this technique in particular or

related techniques. Gupta's published work seems to be one article in

" Medical Hypotheses " , so there isn't the kind of support, other than the

reports of fellow sufferers here, one might hope for. Certainly enough time

must always be allowed to weed out placebo effects.)

On Jan 17, 2008 12:25 PM, erikmoldwarrior <erikmoldwarrior@...>

wrote:

> *And amazing that we just went through this same debacle with

> the " Stress causes Ulcers " dogma, versus " Ulcers(H Pylori infection)

> causes chronic inflammation which makes ulcer sufferers THINK that

> their stress was causative.

> So in the end, it was ulcers that caused the stress(intolerance)

>

> But for a hundred years, we had people who would fight you to the

> death saying that reducing stress made their ulcers better, so there

> could be no doubt that stress causes ulcers.

>

> Nope - other way around.

> -

> *

>

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" bob niederman " <bobn1955@...> wrote:

> I pose the following question, as a way to try and weed through the

various

> ideas.

>

> What if we were at the stage where we knew about H. Pylori, or some

organism yet unknown, but no effective drug was available.

>

> If specific techniques to reduce stress, or better handle it,

improved the condition, would it be invalid to apply them? Would it

be valid to even think about them or try them? Would it still be

feeding the " stress causes ulcers " theory to try these techniques?

>

Of course people should, if they see the need (which not all CFSers

do), and as can be seen in my old messages, I say that people should

do whatever they can that helps, and refer back to a time before

acyclovir - when people were trying to " cure herpes " by making

themsleves more serene than Buddhist monks.

Sure - it helped reduce flare ups, and is a worthy thing to try.

No amount of stress can " cause " a herpes infection. It can only

mediate something that is there to be exacerbated. Unless one is ONLY

talking about 'causing a flareup " , the word " cause " is inappropriate.

But we are in the situation of the ulcer-sufferers of years ago who

heard the rumors that they cleared up with antibiotics.

We would like doctors to rethink their attributions and stress

associations - and seize upon this clue that shows the illness is not

what they think it is.

One can see that doctors initiate this kind of " reconsideration " on

their own. Their minds don't work that way. The difficulty Barry

Marshall and Robin Warren had in trying to get their Nobel Prize

winning hypothesis to even be examined was a story in itself - and

reveals a lot about the mental processes of the medical mindset.

Saying " I don't care what anybody thinks. My ulcers got better when

I reduced stress. This is solid evidence that the mind controls the

body and that there is no dividing line between physical and

psychological " is not going to get doctors, or anybody else, to

reconsider their entrenched beliefs.

If anything, this type of wording reinforces their dogma even

further.

It helps them to ignore that tiny little clue that children who

weren't under any " stress " could suddenly acquire ulcers for no

apparent reason.

Sure the child is " acting out " and seems more stressed - probably

even says so, but that sudden acquisition of stress intolerance

clearly delineates the " dividing line " between mind and body -

because that body didn't have those problems until the illness hit.

You know, it's really funny that the mindbodyists have virtually

everything backwards.

Among other things they got completely reversed, they say that their

mental control techniques represent a new way of looking at illness

that demolishes the old entrenched beliefs.

But wait.., when you look over the history of medicine, weren't just

about ALL of the " psychologized " until proven not so?

Again and again, it is the " old entrenched belief " that the illness

was " in the mind " which was the dogma that got demolished.

-

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wrote:

..............................

>Wessely abandoned saying that there were no physical components

INHERENT to the illness years ago.

(The initial notion being that hypochondriac CFSers just seized on

anything they could use as an excuse)

The evidence for immune abnormalities forced him to change his

story. So he switched to saying that it is your individual inability

to handle stress that makes the difference between someone who

recovers - and someone who suffers from chronic fatiguing

somatization disorder.

And that analogy with exercise intolerance is a good one.

We had instant-overnight " post-illness " induced exercise intolerance

and told doctors that this was the RESULT of the illness.

They switched completely around backwards in their minds and said

that DECONDITIONING led to the exercise intolerance.

This is the incontrovertible " backwardsness " of doctorthink.

We say " Illness caused exercise intolerance " (overnight), and doctors

say " Exercise intolerance causes the illness (deconditioning) "

We say " Illness causes emotional lability (induced an altered

susceptibility) " and doctors say " Emotional lability causes the

illness (The abnornalSusceptibility induced fight or

flight " somatization " )

It is upon these " fine points " that determines what kind of illness

CFS is.

Whenever you " step over the line " of asserting that psychological

factors are CAUSATIVE, or the driving force in CFS, you are putting

aberrant mental responses " in the driver seat " and indulging in

doctorthink. Getting it completely backwards!

Those of us who had these problems arise after that flu-like illness

make one seemingly " insignificant " substitution and express it

somewhat differenly.

We would say that emotional susceptibility is the RESULT of CFS, and

that therefore, " CFS " is the driving force in any alteration of

stress tolerance.

And amazing that we just went through this same debacle with

the " Stress causes Ulcers " dogma, versus " Ulcers(H Pylori infection)

causes chronic inflammation which makes ulcer sufferers THINK that

their stress was causative.

So in the end, it was ulcers that caused the stress(intolerance)

But for a hundred years, we had people who would fight you to the

death saying that reducing stress made their ulcers better, so there

could be no doubt that stress causes ulcers.

>Nope - other way around.

..........................................

Ok. Life is too short. I like communicating with people about different theories

on CFS....but this is all about continually clarifying what I'm saying, so that

you can keep criticising what I'm not saying.

Was your favourite part of " Alice in Wonderland " the Mad Hatter's Tea party by

any chance?

Over and out.

S.

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" " <stephano@...> wrote:

> Ok. Life is too short. I like communicating with people about

different theories on CFS....but this is all about continually

clarifying what I'm saying, so that you can keep criticising what I'm

not saying.

>

> Was your favourite part of " Alice in Wonderland " the Mad Hatter's

Tea party by any chance?

> Over and out.

>

> S.

-----------------------------------------

,

What I am criticising is the way you disagreed with the way the

Canadian Guidelines were " loathe " to move mood disorders from

strictly a " reaction to the illness " position into the " causative "

modality, and did this on your own by saying that the distinction

is " fallacious " .

Whenever you say the illness is physical, but can also be caused by

psychological factors - you say " Of course it's REAL - physiological

underpinnings " and then conflictingly say this is just semantics and

a false dichotomy.

When you dismissed all the physical effects as being " downstream "

and therefore irrelevant - without actually saying it, you only left

one thing " upstream " .

Your fundamental mindset is further laid bare by your assertions

that the CFS community is " defensive " and " desperate " to prove to

prove they have a physical illness. What if they DO have a physical

illness? Shouldn't they want to prove it?

Doesn't it make sense that this puts you on the other side of the

fence from everyone who wants to prove they have a physical illness?

The great thing about these lists is that you can always dredge up

the original quotes to show what you are talking about. (unless the

thread gets deleted for being too political).

-

" " <stephano@...> wrote:

I have thick folders of research and medical tests, compiled over the

years in

my ceaseless attempt to beat this thing, many of which show

physiological

anomalies. I spent so many years chasing my tail, whether it was

trying to

address high blood lactate levels, high mycoplasma levels, immune

anomalies,

liver function anomalies, parasites, leaky gut, imbalanced gut

bacteria or urine

tests showing fibrillar/non-fibrillar catabolism, anomalies in the

shape of red

blood cells, elevated potassium excretion, circadian rhythm/ DHEA and

cortisol

anomalies, food allergies, hypoperfusion on brainscans....just off

the top of my

head. The list goes on and on, and the list of attempted treatments

and

associated expense even more so.

What I have realised is that all this stuff is " downstream " and,

essentially,

irrelevant. If systems controlling bodily regulation and homeostasis

are damaged

or rendered dysfunctional, then it is reasonable to expect that any

and all

symptoms can result, with accompanying tests results. People say they

are " sure "

there is still some virus, for example.....but the immune system is

just another

one of the interlinked systems that can be dysregulated, leading to

an immune

response that we take, with 100% surety, to be reflective of a

continued

infection. Why does it have to mean that?

As useful as the Canadian guidelines may be, they are loathe to

include mood

disorder as anything other than something " reactive. " IE- Depression

or anxiety

as a " reaction " to having a disorder that wrecks your life. In fact,

mood

disorder in CFS is often part and parcel of the illness in primary

terms. It's

not necessarily " reactive " and it's not necessarily " co-morbid. " It's

often just

another CFS symptom. Other neurological illnesses, such as

Parkinson's and

Multiple sclerosis, also cause disturbed mood due to to the mechanism

of the

illness. Again, this false dichotomy exists because the CFS community

is so

defensive and desperate to prove it's a " real, physical illness. " For

god's sake

....of course it's REAL and of course it has physiological

underpinnings....but

so do many conditions, including many so called " psychiatric "

illnesses.

Semantics, semantics, semantics.

Somehow, any intervention that has any perceived 'psychological'

elements is

instantly deemed to be useless, false and heretic by the zealots. How

on earth

can you know this? How can you be certain? Certaintly is based on a

mindset,

namely, " I have a physical illness, so what good are treatments that

intervene

in a psychological way going to be. " But....... this is fallacious,

because the

physical/psychological distinction is equally fallacious.

Gupta's programme is just another intervention. The only way it

should be judged

is whether it is helpful/effective or not. Concepts of psychological

v physical

are totally arbitrary and of no use to anyone.

.

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