Adjuvant info: Can vaccines cause immune dysfunction resulting in allergies, asthma and anaphylaxis?

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Adjuvant info: Can vaccines cause immune dysfunction resulting in

allergies, asthma and anaphylaxis?

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Can vaccines cause immune dysfunction resulting in allergies, asthma

and anaphylaxis?

The Institute of Medicine's Immunization Safety Review Committee held

a public meeting in Seattle, Washington on November 12, 2001 to

review the " Possible association between multiple immunizations in

newborns and infants and immune system dysfunction. "

The Institute of Medicine Report stated...

" The committee looked at five studies examining multiple vaccinations

and their potential to cause allergic diseases, which reflect a

hypersensitivity of the immune system to relatively harmless agents

in the environment, like pollens, dust mites, insect venom, and

specific foods. Some, but not all, of these studies suggested that

certain vaccines increase the risk of developing allergic disorders.

Methodological weaknesses and inconsistent findings among the

studies, however, led the committee to conclude that there is

inadequate evidence to either accept or reject a causal relationship

between multiple immunizations and increased risk of allergic

diseases, particularly asthma. "

Clearly, the Institute of Medicine has not ruled out the vaccine

connection to allergic disease.

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Anaphylaxis Action's submission to the Institute of Medicine

Anaphylaxis Action

c/o Rita Hoffman, R. R. #2,

Stirling, Ontario, Canada. K0K 3E0

613-478-3236

Email: pancakehill@...

November 6, 2001

Immunization Safety Review Committee

National Academy of Sciences

Institute of Medicine FO 3009

2101 Constitution Avenue NW

Washington, D.C. 20418

Re: Epidemic of Children with Anaphylaxis

Dear Dr. McCormick, Chair & Committee,

Thank you for the opportunity to submit the following information for

your review of the possible association between multiple

immunizations in newborns and infants and immune system dysfunction.

We are writing in particular about the potentially life threatening

allergic response called anaphylaxis.

The exact numbers of children affected by anaphylaxis are difficult

to pinpoint. A study in Arch Intern Med 2001 Jan 8;161(1):15-2,

Anaphylaxis in the United States: an investigation into its

epidemiology, concluded with " The occurrence of anaphylaxis in the US

is not as rare as is generally believed. On the basis of our figures,

the problem of anaphylaxis may, in fact, affect 1.21% (1.9 million)

to 15.04% (40.9 million) of the US population. " PMID 11146694

In June of this year an article by Associated Press Writer Jim

Fitzgerald entitled Peanut Butter Wars Rage in Schools stated

" Schools that haven't had a dangerously allergic pupil can expect one

soon. " And " peanut allergies among schoolchildren were 'barely on the

radar' a decade ago, said Dr. Goldman, a New York allergist

and Immunologist who specializes in pediatric cases. " " Now I'm seeing

a tremendous number of cases, " he said. " It seems like the incidence

is really increasing. As to why, I don't think anyone in the world

could tell you for sure. "

In Canada, the Anaphylaxis Canada's Summer 2001 newsletter states

that " 20% of Canadians suffer from some form of allergy and

approximately 4% of children and 2% of adults have developed a

potentially lethal allergy to food. "

The cover story in the September 2000 issue of Professionally

Speaking, the magazine of the Ontario College of Teachers is " An

Abnormal Response to Normal Things. " The article begins with

" Teachers have to be aware that allergies can kill. A growing number

of children are at risk - and a well prepared teacher can make all

the difference. " The article explains that " About a decade ago, the

sudden surge in highly allergic children entering school systems

across the province caught many educators off guard. "

Why the " surge " in anaphylactic children entering school a decade

ago? These children were among the first to receive an additional

vaccination, Hib meningitis. Is it possible that the Pertussis and

Hib vaccine, both shown below to cause allergic responses, are

creating a hypersensitive immune system in some children? Has any

study looked into what happens to atopy incidence and IgE levels when

5 vaccines are given concurrently in infants?

CAN VACCINES CAUSE FOOD ALLERGIES?

JAMA 2001 Apr 4;285(13):1746-8 Detection of peanut allergens in

breast milk of lactating women states, " Most individuals who react to

peanuts do so on their first known exposure " .................and

concluded " Peanut protein is secreted into breast milk of lactating

women following maternal dietary ingestion. Exposure to peanut

protein during breastfeeding is a route of occult exposure that may

result in sensitization of at-risk infants. " PMID 11277829

Women have been ingesting peanut protein while breastfeeding for

decades. What has changed in the last 15 years to cause infants to

develop life-threatening allergies to this legume? One change has

been the vaccination schedule.

The Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1999 Jul; 119(3):205-11 Pertussis

adjuvant prolongs intestinal hypersensitivity concludes: Our findings

indicate nanogram quantities of PT (pertussis toxin), when

administered with a food protein, result in long-term sensitization

to the antigen, and altered intestinal neuroimmune function. These

data suggest that exposure to bacterial pathogens may prolong the

normally transient immune responsiveness to inert food antigens. PMID 10436392

Does this study explain why babies and toddlers react on their first

exposure to the peanuts or other antigens? The babies may have been

sensitized by the vaccines to the proteins through breast milk or

formula ingested at the time of vaccination. This would also explain

why children are anaphylactic to a variety of proteins, such as

different tree nuts, peanuts, egg, legumes, milk, seeds, etc.,

depending on what proteins the mother ate at the time of vaccination.

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IS THE INTRODUCTION OF THE HIB VACCINE CONNECTED TO THE INCREASE IN

FOOD ANAPHYLAXIS IN CHILDREN?

Rates of anaphylaxis have increased dramatically since the

introduction of the Hib vaccine.

Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1979 Mar-Apr;6(2):139-49 Comparison of

vaccination of mice and rats with Haemophilus influenzae and

Bordetella pertussis as models of atopy, states " The Haemophilus

influenzae vaccinated experimental animal provides a model that is

possibly more related to human atopy than the Bordetella pertussis

vaccinated animal. " PMID 311260

Ann Allergy 1979 Jan;42(1):36-40 states " To determine whether

Haemophilus influenzae could be a factor in human atopy its effects

were studied on the (para-)Sympathic Cyclic nucleotide-histamine axis

in rats. Haemophilus influenzae vaccination induced changes in the

cholinergic system compatible with higher cyclic GMP levels and

enhanced histamine release. The authors suggest an involvement of the

cholinergic system in Haemophilus influenzae vaccination effects. PMID 216288

Agents Actions 1984 Oct;15(3-4):211-5 entitled Bronchial

hyper-reactivity to histamine induced by Haemophilus influenzae

vaccination states " ......This suggests a hyper-reactivity of the

parasympathethic, cholinergic pathways as a result of H.influenzae

vaccination. " PMID 6335351

Eur J. Pharmacol 1980 Apr 4;62(4):261-8 entitled The effects of

Haemophilus influenzae vaccination on anaphylactic mediator release

and isoprenaline-induced inhibition of mediator release states " These

results indicate an increased sensitivity to antigenic challenge and

suggest that the functioning of beta-adrenoceptors was decreased as a

result of H. Influenzae vaccination. " PMID 6154589

DOES THE PERTUSSIS VACCINE CAUSE ASTHMA, ALLERGIES AND ANAPHYLAXIS?

Pediatrics 1988 Jun (81) Supplement - Report on the Task Force on

Pertussis and Pertussis Immunization - extract states, For more than

25 years, it has been known that pertussis vaccine is a reliable

adjuvant for the production of experimental allergic encephalitis.

Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1987;23 Suppl 10:111s-113s A model for

experimental asthma: provocation in guinea-pigs immunized with

Bordetella pertussis states, " Guinea-pigs were sensitized with

killed Bordetella pertussis..... the presence of the immediate type

of immune response was verified by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.....

B. pertussis not only alters adrenergic function but provocation in

B. pertussis-sensitized guinea-pigs seems to be a good model for

bronchial asthma. PMID 2889487

Pediatr Res 1987 Sep;22(3):262-7 Murine responses to immunization

with pertussis toxin and bovine serum albumin: I. Mortality observed

after bovine albumin challenge is due to an anaphylactic

reaction..........the results of our experiments have established

that the disease induced by coimmunizing mice with Ptx and BSA is due

to an immediate type hypersensitivity. PMID 3309858

Infect Immun 1987 Apr.;55(4):1004-8 Anaphylaxis or so-called

encephalopathy in mice sensitized to an antigen with the aid of

pertussigen (pertussis toxin), states, Sensitization of mice with 1mg

of bovine serum albumin (BSA) or chicken egg albumin (EA)

..............induced a high degree of anaphylactic sensitivity when

the mice were challenged i.v. with 1 mg of antigen 14 days later. PMID 3557617

JAMA 1994 Aug 24-31;272(8):592-3 Pertussis vaccination and asthma: is

there a link? A study of 450 children, 11% of the children who had

received the pertussis vaccination suffered from asthma, as compared

with only 2% of the children who had not been vaccinated. PMID 8057511

Allergy 1983 May;38(4):261-71 The non-specific enhancement of

allergy. III. Precipitation of bronchial anaphylactic reactivity in

primed rats by injection of alum or B. pertussis vaccine: relation of

response capacity to IgE and IgG2a antibody levels. .....These

results show that injection of alum or B. pertussis vaccine without

antigen can precipitate/enhance anaphylactic response capacity and

production of specific and non-specific IgE and IgG2a. PMID 6307077

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CAN VACCINE ADJUVANTS CAUSE ALLERGIES AND ANAPHYLAXIS?

Requests for information on the types of adjuvants currently used in

human vaccines have not been answered to date. We did find that

adjuvants are used to create allergic animals for scientific study

and also that peanut oil has been used as an adjuvant. Peanut is by

far the most common food to cause anaphylaxis in young children. Is

peanut oil, or a similar protein or portion of a protein used in

human vaccines as an adjuvant or " protein coat " in the Hib vaccine?

Aluminum has also been used as an adjuvant and is known to cause

allergies according to the studies below. Could the adjuvants used in

vaccines over the last 15 years be creating anaphylactic and allergic

children?

J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001 Apr;107(4):693-702 Murine model of atopic

dermatitis associated with food hypersensitivity states, " Female

C3H/HeJ mice were sensitized orally to cow's milk or peanut with a

cholera toxin adjuvant and then subjected to low-grade allergen

exposure....................An eczematous eruption developed in

approximately one third of mice after low-grade exposure to milk or

peanut proteins...................This eczematous eruption resembles

AD (atopic dermatitis) in human subjects and should provide a useful

model for studying immunopathogenic mechanisms of food

hypersensitivity in AD. " PMID 11295660

Allergy 1980 Jan;35(1):65-71 Antigen-induced bronchial anaphylaxis in

actively sensitized guinea pigs. Pattern of response in relation to

immunization regimen....guinea-pigs sensitized with small amounts of

antigen together with alum produced IgE and IgG1 antibodies. PMID 7369497

Allergy 1978 Jun:33(3):155-9 Aluminum phosphate but not calcium

phosphate stimulates the specific IgE response in guinea pigs to

tetanus toxoid. It is hypothesized that the regular application of

aluminum compound-containing vaccines on the entire population could

be one of the factors leading to the observed increase of allergic

diseases. PMID 707792

Pediatric Allergy Immunol 1994 May;5(2):118-23 Immunoglobulin E and G

responses to pertussis toxin after booster immunization in relation

to atopy, local reactions and aluminum content of the vaccines. The

role of aluminum for IgG and IgE responses to pertussis toxin (PT),

as well as for side effects, was investigated in 49 children with

known atopy status..................the addition of aluminum to the

pertussis vaccine was, thus, associated with a stronger IgG antibody

response, but tended also to induce a stronger IgE antibody response.

The correlation between total IgE and PT-IgE, which was most

prominent in children with atopy, indicates that the role of

immunization for the development of allergy merits further studies.

PMID 808719

Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1998 Jul 6;32(3):155-172 entitled Aluminum

compounds as vaccine adjuvants stated, " Limitations of aluminum

adjuvants include local reactions, augmentation of IgE antibody

responses, ineffectiveness for some antigens and inability to augment

cell-mediated immune responses, especially cytotoxic T-Cell

responses. PMID 10837642

ls of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Vol. 85, Number 1, July

2000 article T-cell subsets (Th1 versus Th2) includes Figure 7 on

page 15 - " Factors responsible for the imbalance of the Th1/Th2

responses which is partly responsible for the increased prevalence of

allergy in Western countries. Risk for atopy - Th2, increased

exposure to some allergens and Th2-biasing vaccines (alum as

adjuvant). " PMID 10923599

Vaccine 1992;10(10):714-20 Parameters affecting the immunogenicity of

microencapsulated tetanus toxoid states " As expected, incomplete

Freund's adjuvant (IFA) proved to be a more potent adjuvant than

peanut oil................ " PMID 1523881

Can J Comp Med 1985 Apr;49(2):149-51 compared 6 different adjuvants

in swine including four mineral oil compounds, one peanut oil

compound and aluminum hydroxide. PMID 4016580

C R Acad Sci Hebd ces Acad Sci D 1975 Apr 7;280(13):1629-32

states........ a stable water in oil emulsion can be produced by

using metabolizable peanut oil with arlacel. When mycobacteria are

added, a potent emulsified oil adjuvant is obtained which increases

the immune response to BSA and to influenza vaccine. PMID 811378

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ARE MULTIPLE VACCINES CAUSING OUR IMMUNE SYSTEMS TO FAIL?

Immunology Today, March 1998, Volume 19, p. 113-116 states, " Modern

vaccinations, fear of germs and obsession with hygiene are depriving

the immune system of information input upon which it is dependent.

This fails to maintain the correct cytokine balance and fine-tune

T-cell regulation, and may lead to increased incidences of allergies

and autoimmune diseases. " PMID 9540269

From the journal Allergy 1999, 54, 398-399, Multiple Vaccination

effects on atopy, " An increase in the incidence of childhood atopic

diseases may be expected as a result of concurrent vaccination

strategies that induce a Th2-biased immune response. What should be

discussed is whether the prize of a reduction of common infectious

diseases through a policy of mass vaccination from birth is worth the

price of a higher prevalence of atopy. " PMID 10371102

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, Feb. 2000;

23(2):81-90, Effects of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis or tetanus

vaccination on allergies and allergy-related respiratory symptoms

among children and adolescents in the United States, " The odds of

having a history of asthma was twice as great among vaccinated

subjects than among unvaccinated subjects. The odds of having any

allergy-related respiratory symptom in the past 12 months was 63%

greater among vaccinated subjects than unvaccinated subjects. " PMID 10714532

Thorax 1998 Nov;53(11):927-32 Early childhood infection and atopic

disorder, stated " Interpretation of the prediction of atopic

disorders by immunisation with whole cell pertussis vaccine and

treatment with oral antibiotics needs to be very cautious because of

the possibilities of confounding effects and reverse causation.

However, plausible immune mechanisms are identifiable for the

promotion of atopic disorders by both factors and further

investigation of these association is warranted. " PMID 10193389

Epidemiology 1997 Nov;8(6):678-80 Is infant immunization a risk

factor for childhood asthma or allergy? This study followed 1,265

children born in 1977. The 23 children who received no DPT and polio

immunizations had no recorded asthma episodes or consultations for

asthma or other allergic illness before age 10 years; in the

immunized children, 23.1% had asthma episodes, 22.5% asthma

consultations, and 30% consultations for other allergic illness.

Similar differences were observed at ages 5 and 16 years. PMID 9345669

Arerugi 2000 Jul;49(7):585-92, The Effect of DPT and BCG vaccinations

on atopic disorders findings include, " From these results we conclude

that DPT vaccination has some effect in the promotion of atopic

disorders....... " PMID 10944825

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 121:1:2000, 2-9,

Genetic and environmental factors contributing to the onset of

allergic disorders. " The increasing prevalence of allergy in

developed countries suggests that environmental factors acting either

before or after birth also contribute to regulate the development of

Th2 cells and/or their function. The reduction of infectious diseases

in early life due to increasing vaccinations, antimicrobial

treatments as well as changed lifestyle are certainly important in

influencing the individual outcome in the Th response to ubiquitous

allergens. PMID 10686503

In conclusion, living with anaphylaxis is to be continually on guard

for minute quantities of everyday food or other substances that may

cause death. Keeping anaphylactic children safe involves the whole

community including the child, parents, teachers, bus drivers,

caregivers, friends and family.

It is our hope that the Committee will investigate the questions we

have raised and will recommend further investigation into the

connection between vaccines and this most distressing allergic

disease called anaphylaxis.

Your time is greatly appreciated.

Respectfully yours,

Rita Hoffman

Additional studies linking vaccines to allergic responses:

Clinical Immunology 2001 Sep;100(3):355-61 Infection of human B

lymphocytes with MMR vaccine induces IgE class switching. Imani F,

Kehoe KE. Circulating immunoglobulin E (IgE) is one of the

characteristics of human allergic diseases including allergic

asthma........ Here, we show that infection of a human IgM(+) B cell

line with MMR resulted in the expression of germ line epsilon

transcript. In addition, infection of freshly prepared human PBLs

with this vaccine resulted in the expression of mature IgE mRNA

transcript. Our data suggest that a potential side effect of

vaccination with live attenuated viruses may be an increase in the

expression of IgE. PMID 11513549

Additional vaccine adjuvant studies using nut oils:

Vaccine 1996 Dec;14(17-18):1703-6 Immune responses following

cocktails of inactivated measles vaccine and Arachis hypogaea L.

(ground nut) or Cocos nucifera L. (coconut) oils adjuvant. Eghafona

NO. " The study suggests that the oils under investigation,

particularly to GO (ground nut) oil should be considered as an

adjuvant with IMV (Inactivated Measles Vaccine) after extensive study

in humans; since it stimulated cellular immune response comparable to

that of LMV (Live Measles Vaccine). PMID 9032902

Agents Actions 1976 Feb;6(1-3):75-85 Adjuvant disease induced by

mycobacteria, determinants of arthritogenicity. Audibert, F, states

" Our previous findings showed that the water soluble adjuvant (WSA)

of M.smegmatis which could substitute for mycobacterial cells in

Freund's complete adjuvant and induce delayed hypersensitivity was

not arthritogenic in the Wistar rat. We have since observed that

auto-immune diseases could be elicited by WSA. PMID: 181972

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What is being injected into our children? Why can't we find out? What

adjuvants are used in the vaccines?

An Access to Information request to Health Canada for the 100%

composition of vaccines given to infants received the response, " I

regret to inform you that the exact composition of these vaccines

cannot be disclosed to you as the information is protected under ATIA

(Access to Information Act) Section 20(1)(a)(©. This is a

mandatory exemption which protects confidential business information. "

The Act, under Third Party Information, states, 20. (1) Subject to

this section, the head of a government institution shall refuse to

disclose any record requested under this Act that contains a) trade

secrets of a third party; financial, commercial, scientific or

technical information that is confidential information supplied to a

government institution by a third party and is treated consistently

in a confidential manner by the third party; c) information the

disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to result in

material financial loss or gain to, or could reasonably be expected

to prejudice the competitive position of, a third party; or d)

information the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to

interfere with contractual or other negotiations of a third party. "

Health Canada eventually sent the vaccine product monographs, which

list some ingredients of the vaccines but not all. This is an

absolute outrage that parents cannot received full disclosure of

vaccine ingredients being injected into their children. This is not

" informed consent " .

In Canada numerous health, provincial and federal government

officials, anaphylaxis and allergy organizations have been contacted

by Anaphylaxis Action with a plea for further investigation of the

anaphylaxis epidemic and it's connection to vaccination. One brave

Member of Parliament, then Alliance Health Critic Elley,

requested that the issue be brought forward to the Standing Committee

on Health. In the meeting on April 6, the day that the item was

supposedly on the agenda, the Chair of the Committee said, " and on

March 15 Mr. Elley submitted a letter with respect to the ailment

noted. " Potentially life threatening anaphylaxis is the " ailment

noted " and was never discussed. When Anaphylaxis Action tried to get

a copy of the minutes of the Sub-Committee for Agenda Planning

meetings from April 4 and April 6, 2000 to prove that the issue was

on the table that day our Access to Information request was met with

" The minutes of in camera Committee meetings are classed as Secret

Records by the National Archives for a period of 30 years. " We were

also told that " the agendas have not been preserved in electronic form. "

Health Minister Allan Rock, in response to a plea to investigate the

connection between anaphylaxis and vaccines stated in a Jan 2001

letter, " As stated in my previous correspondence, there are many

causes of anaphylaxis. " The letter concluded with " Severe anaphylaxis

happens infrequently (after vaccination) and is rarely fatal. " There

was no mention of the epidemic of 3-5%, and now reports of up to 8%

of children in this country who are anaphylactic.

Anaphylaxis was included in the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance

Program, as a new study for 2000. The lead investigator has not

responded to Anaphylaxis Action's request for further information,

but we did learn from IMPACT News Summer 2001 , a " pediatric

hospital-based national active surveillance network for

vaccine-associated adverse events, " that there were " more than 700

case reports in a year and a half " of anaphylaxis. Speaking of this

high number, the newsletter goes on to say: " A final group of studies

focusing on a much higher rate of incidence collects data that will

be used to develop educational material or influence future public

health decisions. "

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Sheri Nakken, former R.N., MA, Hahnemannian Homeopath

Vaccination Information & Choice Network, Nevada City CA & Wales UK

Vaccines - http://www.wellwithin1.com/vaccine.htm

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