Guest guest Posted January 31, 2012 Report Share Posted January 31, 2012 Would you plz give me example of Paracrine gland Endocrine gland Autocrine gland Exocrine gland Thanks Balsam Sent from my iPhone Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted February 1, 2012 Report Share Posted February 1, 2012 Exocrine gl. - sweat gl., mammary gl, sebaceous gl., salivary gl. Endocrine gl. - thyroid (produce thyroxine), adreanl gland, ... actually most of the hormones are produced this wayIf I understood correctly, paracrine and autocrine can be relevent to the type of signalling. According to this: Paracrine - Somatostatin and histamine are paracrine agents, hence pancreas is an example for this.Autocrine - monocytes (for cytokine interleukin-1)It's complicated...... if someone knows a better answer write it pleaseSvetlana From: Balsam Majid <balsam_majid@...> Sent: Tuesday, January 31, 2012 11:41 PM Subject: Glands Would you plz give me example of Paracrine gland Endocrine gland Autocrine gland Exocrine gland Thanks Balsam Sent from my iPhone Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted February 1, 2012 Report Share Posted February 1, 2012 Autocrine - cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger (called the autocrine agent) that binds to autocrine receptors on the same cell, leading to changes in the cell An example of an autocrine agent is the cytokine interleukin-1 in monocytes. When interleukin-1 is produced in response to external stimuli, it can bind to cell-surface receptors on the same cell that produced it.Another example occurs in activated T cell lymphocytes, i.e., when a T cell is induced to mature by binding to a peptide:MHC complex on a professional antigen-presenting cell and by the B7:CD28 costimulatory signal. Upon activation, "low-affinity" IL-2 receptors are replaced by "high-affinity" IL-2 receptors consisting of α, β, and γ chains. The cell then releases IL-2, which binds to its own new IL-2 receptors, causing self-stimulation and ultimately a monoclonal population of T cells. These T cells can then go on to perform effector functions such asmacrophage activation, B cell activation, and cell-mediated cytoxicity.Paracrine signalling is a form of cell signalling in which the target cell is near ("para" = near) the signal-releasing cell. Some signalling molecules degrade very quickly, limiting the scope of their effectiveness to the immediate surroundings. Others affect only nearby cells because they are taken up quickly, leaving few to travel further, or because their movement is hindered by the extracellular-matrix. Paracrine molecules must not be allowed to diffuse too far. Growth factor and clotting factors are paracrine signalling agents. paracrine signalling is involved in responses to allergens, tissue repair, the formation of scar tissue, and bloodclotting.Exocrine gland: A gland that secretes a substance out through a duct. The exocrine glands include the salivary glands, sweat glands and glands within the gastrointestinal tract. The exocrine glands are the "glands of external secretion." An externally secreting gland, such as a salivary gland or sweat gland that releases its secretions directly or through a duct. Endocrine glands as we know secrete hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The main endocrine glands include thepituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands. hope it hlps...Divi From: Svetlana Lemtyugina <svetlanalemtyugina@...> " " < > Sent: Wednesday, 1 February 2012 8:39 AM Subject: Re: Glands Exocrine gl. - sweat gl., mammary gl, sebaceous gl., salivary gl. Endocrine gl. - thyroid (produce thyroxine), adreanl gland, ... actually most of the hormones are produced this wayIf I understood correctly, paracrine and autocrine can be relevent to the type of signalling. According to this: Paracrine - Somatostatin and histamine are paracrine agents, hence pancreas is an example for this.Autocrine - monocytes (for cytokine interleukin-1)It's complicated...... if someone knows a better answer write it pleaseSvetlana From: Balsam Majid <balsam_majid@...> Sent: Tuesday, January 31, 2012 11:41 PM Subject: Glands Would you plz give me example of Paracrine gland Endocrine gland Autocrine gland Exocrine gland Thanks Balsam Sent from my iPhone Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted February 1, 2012 Report Share Posted February 1, 2012 ----- Forwarded Message ----- From: Divi Divi <divi_ore@...> " " < > Sent: Wednesday, 1 February 2012 11:36 AM Subject: Re: Glands Autocrine - cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger (called the autocrine agent) that binds to autocrine receptors on the same cell, leading to changes in the cell An example of an autocrine agent is the cytokine interleukin-1 in monocytes. When interleukin-1 is produced in response to external stimuli, it can bind to cell-surface receptors on the same cell that produced it.Another example occurs in activated T cell lymphocytes, i.e., when a T cell is induced to mature by binding to a peptide:MHC complex on a professional antigen-presenting cell and by the B7:CD28 costimulatory signal. Upon activation, "low-affinity" IL-2 receptors are replaced by "high-affinity" IL-2 receptors consisting of α, β, and γ chains. The cell then releases IL-2, which binds to its own new IL-2 receptors, causing self-stimulation and ultimately a monoclonal population of T cells. These T cells can then go on to perform effector functions such asmacrophage activation, B cell activation, and cell-mediated cytoxicity.Paracrine signalling is a form of cell signalling in which the target cell is near ("para" = near) the signal-releasing cell. Some signalling molecules degrade very quickly, limiting the scope of their effectiveness to the immediate surroundings. Others affect only nearby cells because they are taken up quickly, leaving few to travel further, or because their movement is hindered by the extracellular-matrix. Paracrine molecules must not be allowed to diffuse too far. Growth factor and clotting factors are paracrine signalling agents. paracrine signalling is involved in responses to allergens, tissue repair, the formation of scar tissue, and bloodclotting.Exocrine gland: A gland that secretes a substance out through a duct. The exocrine glands include the salivary glands, sweat glands and glands within the gastrointestinal tract. The exocrine glands are the "glands of external secretion." An externally secreting gland, such as a salivary gland or sweat gland that releases its secretions directly or through a duct. Endocrine glands as we know secrete hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The main endocrine glands include thepituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands. hope it hlps...Divi From: Svetlana Lemtyugina <svetlanalemtyugina@...> " " < > Sent: Wednesday, 1 February 2012 8:39 AM Subject: Re: Glands Exocrine gl. - sweat gl., mammary gl, sebaceous gl., salivary gl. Endocrine gl. - thyroid (produce thyroxine), adreanl gland, ... actually most of the hormones are produced this wayIf I understood correctly, paracrine and autocrine can be relevent to the type of signalling. According to this: Paracrine - Somatostatin and histamine are paracrine agents, hence pancreas is an example for this.Autocrine - monocytes (for cytokine interleukin-1)It's complicated...... if someone knows a better answer write it pleaseSvetlana From: Balsam Majid <balsam_majid@...> Sent: Tuesday, January 31, 2012 11:41 PM Subject: Glands Would you plz give me example of Paracrine gland Endocrine gland Autocrine gland Exocrine gland Thanks Balsam Sent from my iPhone Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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