Re: tech{: Caloric restriction, metabolic rate, and entropy

[Guest guest]

Hi All,

A paper on " Caloric restriction, metabolic rate, and entropy " was previously

presented and discussed in the forum.

A definition of entropy is, " The amount of disorder in a system. "

Disorder may be an appropriate term for opinion on the relevance of CR for

humans.

A message on Sat, 9 Oct 2004 07:24 was:

http://lists.calorierestriction.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0410 & L=crsociety & P=R13629 & D\

=0 & X=410B8B6E827C696F90 & Y=old542000

A message on Sat, 9 Oct 2004 11:26 was:

http://lists.calorierestriction.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0410 & L=crsociety & P=R13564 & D\

=0 & X=71DE0F320F9622959C & Y=old542000

Further details are in the pdf-available below, for:

Demetrius L.

Caloric restriction, metabolic rate, and entropy.

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004 Sep;59(9):B902-15.

PMID: 15472153

The postulates for the thesis that primates will benefit little from CR were:

I(a) In species subject to similar ecological constraints

and having equivalent body size, longer life span is

associated with a correspondingly higher standard

metabolic rate.

I( Prolongation of life span by regimes such as caloric

restriction is associated with an increase in metabolic

stability.

I© The effect of CR on life span is constrained by the

life history or the demographic entropy of the species. In

high entropy species—organisms characterized by late

age of sexual maturity, broad reproductive span, and

small litter size—the effect of caloric restriction on life

span will be negligible; whereas in low entropy species—

organisms described by early age of sexual maturity,

narrow reproductive span, and large litter size—the effect

of caloric restriction on life span will be large.

II(a) Longer life span in species with equivalent body

size is associated with a correspondingly lower standard

metabolic rate.

II( Prolongation of life span by regimes such as caloric

restriction is associated with a reduction in mass-specific

metabolic rate.

A(1) In populations subject to bounded growth con-

straints, evolution is described by a unidirectional in-

crease in entropy.

A(2) In large populations subject to unbounded growth

constraints, evolution is described by a unidirectional

decrease in entropy.

A(3) In small populations subject to unbounded growth

constraints, evolution is described by random, non-

directional changes in entropy.

B(1) In populations subject to bounded growth con-straints,

evolution will be described by a unidirectional

increase in metabolic stability.

B(2) In large populations subject to unbounded growth

constraints, evolution will be described by a unidirectional

decrease in metabolic stability.

B(3) In small populations subject to unbounded growth

constraints, evolution will be described by random,

nondirectional changes in metabolic stability.

C(1) Species with large demographic entropy will be

characterized by a relatively weak response of life span to

caloric restriction.

C(2) Species defined by small demographic entropy will

be characterized by a comparatively large response of life

span to caloric restriction.

[in the below, " The parameter theta.—The mean value theta depends on the

intensity of caloric restriction, q, and the metabolic stability Q. " ]

C(i) In high entropy populations, the changes in theta

induced by CR will be small.

C(ii) In low entropy populations, the changes in theta

induced by CR will be large.

D(i) Species with large values for the entropy S, that is,

species with life history described by late sexual maturity,

long reproductive span and small litter size, will be

characterized by a small life-table entropy.

D(ii) Species with small values for the entropy S, that is,

species with life history described by early sexual

maturity, narrow reproductive span and large litter size,

will be characterized by a large life-table entropy.

Table 1. Human Life History Traits Compared to Laboratory Mice and Rats

................................

Trait Mice Rats Humans

................................

Age at first reproduction 35–50 days 35–50 days 13 years

Litter size 4–8 8–10 1

Maximum longevity (y) 4 4 120

Metabolic rate (KJ/day) 16 104 7,200

Life table entropy 0.25 0.25 0.12

Al Pater, PhD; email: old542000@...

__________________________________________________

[Guest guest]

Hi All,

A paper on " Caloric restriction, metabolic rate, and entropy " was previously

presented and discussed in the forum.

A definition of entropy is, " The amount of disorder in a system. "

Disorder may be an appropriate term for opinion on the relevance of CR for

humans.

A message on Sat, 9 Oct 2004 07:24 was:

http://lists.calorierestriction.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0410 & L=crsociety & P=R13629 & D\

=0 & X=410B8B6E827C696F90 & Y=old542000

A message on Sat, 9 Oct 2004 11:26 was:

http://lists.calorierestriction.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0410 & L=crsociety & P=R13564 & D\

=0 & X=71DE0F320F9622959C & Y=old542000

Further details are in the pdf-available below, for:

Demetrius L.

Caloric restriction, metabolic rate, and entropy.

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004 Sep;59(9):B902-15.

PMID: 15472153

The postulates for the thesis that primates will benefit little from CR were:

I(a) In species subject to similar ecological constraints

and having equivalent body size, longer life span is

associated with a correspondingly higher standard

metabolic rate.

I( Prolongation of life span by regimes such as caloric

restriction is associated with an increase in metabolic

stability.

I© The effect of CR on life span is constrained by the

life history or the demographic entropy of the species. In

high entropy species—organisms characterized by late

age of sexual maturity, broad reproductive span, and

small litter size—the effect of caloric restriction on life

span will be negligible; whereas in low entropy species—

organisms described by early age of sexual maturity,

narrow reproductive span, and large litter size—the effect

of caloric restriction on life span will be large.

II(a) Longer life span in species with equivalent body

size is associated with a correspondingly lower standard

metabolic rate.

II( Prolongation of life span by regimes such as caloric

restriction is associated with a reduction in mass-specific

metabolic rate.

A(1) In populations subject to bounded growth con-

straints, evolution is described by a unidirectional in-

crease in entropy.

A(2) In large populations subject to unbounded growth

constraints, evolution is described by a unidirectional

decrease in entropy.

A(3) In small populations subject to unbounded growth

constraints, evolution is described by random, non-

directional changes in entropy.

B(1) In populations subject to bounded growth con-straints,

evolution will be described by a unidirectional

increase in metabolic stability.

B(2) In large populations subject to unbounded growth

constraints, evolution will be described by a unidirectional

decrease in metabolic stability.

B(3) In small populations subject to unbounded growth

constraints, evolution will be described by random,

nondirectional changes in metabolic stability.

C(1) Species with large demographic entropy will be

characterized by a relatively weak response of life span to

caloric restriction.

C(2) Species defined by small demographic entropy will

be characterized by a comparatively large response of life

span to caloric restriction.

[in the below, " The parameter theta.—The mean value theta depends on the

intensity of caloric restriction, q, and the metabolic stability Q. " ]

C(i) In high entropy populations, the changes in theta

induced by CR will be small.

C(ii) In low entropy populations, the changes in theta

induced by CR will be large.

D(i) Species with large values for the entropy S, that is,

species with life history described by late sexual maturity,

long reproductive span and small litter size, will be

characterized by a small life-table entropy.

D(ii) Species with small values for the entropy S, that is,

species with life history described by early sexual

maturity, narrow reproductive span and large litter size,

will be characterized by a large life-table entropy.

Table 1. Human Life History Traits Compared to Laboratory Mice and Rats

................................

Trait Mice Rats Humans

................................

Age at first reproduction 35–50 days 35–50 days 13 years

Litter size 4–8 8–10 1

Maximum longevity (y) 4 4 120

Metabolic rate (KJ/day) 16 104 7,200

Life table entropy 0.25 0.25 0.12

Al Pater, PhD; email: old542000@...

__________________________________________________