Hardened artery risk factors

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Hi All,

See the below pdf-available paper documenting data the risk factors for hardened

arteries. Some were expected and others maybe not.

Uric acid was previously reported for a risk for heart and all-cause mortality

for a

paper without the current Medline citation and may be worth reiteration:

Niskanen LK, Laaksonen DE, Nyyssonen K, Alfthan G, Lakka HM, Lakka TA, Salonen

JT.

Uric acid level as a risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in

middle-aged men: a prospective cohort study.

Arch Intern Med. 2004 Jul 26;164(14):1546-51.

PMID: 15277287

.... In age-adjusted analyses, serum uric acid levels in the upper third were

associated with a greater than 2.5-fold higher risk of death from cardiovascular

disease than levels in the lower third. Taking into account cardiovascular risk

factors and variables commonly associated with gout increased the relative risk

to

3.73. Further adjustment for factors related to the metabolic syndrome

strengthened

the risk to 4.77. Excluding the 53 men using diuretics did not alter the

results. In

age-adjusted analyses, men with serum uric acid levels in the upper third were

1.7-fold more likely to die of any cause than men with levels in the lower

third.

Adjustment for further risk factors strengthened the association somewhat. ...

Here, now, are the current paper excerpts below.

Saijo Y, Utsugi M, Yoshioka E, Horikawa N, Sato T, Gong YY, Kishi R.

Relationships of C-reactive protein, uric acid, and glomerular filtration rate

to

arterial stiffness in Japanese subjects.

J Hum Hypertens. 2005 Aug 4; [Epub ahead of print]

PMID: 16079884

The relationships between C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid (UA), glomerular

filtration rate (GFR), and arterial stiffness have not been fully investigated.

The

aim of this study was to clarify whether CRP, UA, and estimated GFR are related

to

arterial stiffness estimated using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).

The

subjects were local government employees (3412 men and 854 women). baPWV, CRP,

UA,

GFR, and conventional risk factors were evaluated. Multiple linear regression

analyses revealed that CRP and UA were significantly related to an elevation of

PWV

in male and female subjects, and that the estimated GFR was significantly

related to

an elevation of PWV in male subjects. Significant progressive increases in baPWV

were observed across the quartiles of CRP in male subjects and for UA in male

and

female subjects. In female subjects, the relationship of quartile CRP to baPWV

had

marginal significance (P=0.055). But, in male and female subjects, quartile of

estimated GFR had no significant association with PWV. These results suggest

that

CRP and UA are associated with an increase of arterial stiffness in male and

female

subjects, and that estimated GFR is possibly related to arterial stiffness in

male

subjects.

.... Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis with baPWV as the dependent

variable in male and female subjects

=====================

Variables Male (n=3412) Female (n=854)

Beta 95% CI P-value Beta 95% CI P-value

=====================

Age (years) 0.214 0.188, 0.241 <0.0001 0.152 0.086, 0.217 <0.0001

BMI (kg/m2) -0.121 -0.148, -0.094 <0.0001 -0.149 -0.206, -0.092 <0.0001

SBP (mmHg) 0.567 0.541, 0.593 <0.0001 0.621 0.570, 0.672 <0.0001

HR (bpm) 0.162 0.138, 0.185 <0.0001 0.095 0.050, 0.140 <0.0001

TC (mg/dl) -0.006 -0.031, 0.018 0.61 0.070 0.017, 0.124 <0.05

Log TG (mg/dl) 0.051 0.022, 0.080 <0.001 0.011 -0.045, 0.067 0.70

HDL-C (mg/dl) 0.016 -0.012, 0.044 0.27 -0.016 -0.068, 0.037 0.56

Fasting glucose (mg/dl) 0.100 0.073, 0.126 <0.0001 0.104 0.055, 0.154 <0.0001

UA (mg/dl) 0.043 0.020, 0.067 <0.001 0.057 0.009, 0.105 <0.05

WBC (/l) 0.014 -0.012, 0.040 0.29 0.018 -0.029, 0.064 0.45

Log CRP (mg/dl) 0.036 0.011, 0.060 <0.01 0.038 -0.010, 0.085 0.12

Estimated GFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) -0.029 -0.056, -0.001 <0.05 0.003 -0.050,

0.056

0.90

Current smoker (vs ex- or nonsmoker) 0.017 -0.008, 0.041 0.18 0.032 -0.013,

0.078

0.16

Drinker (vs nondrinker) -0.009 -0.032, 0.014 0.43 -0.056 -0.099, -0.012 <0.05

Exercise (1/week vs rarely or never) -0.043 -0.065, -0.021 <0.001 0.001 -0.042,

0.043 0.98

Hypertension 0.049 0.025, 0.072 <0.0001 0.032 -0.013, 0.077 0.16

Hyperlipidemia 0.009 -0.013, 0.031 0.42 0.029 -0.015, 0.073 0.20

Diabetes 0.020 -0.005, 0.045 0.11 -0.028 -0.074, 0.018 0.23

Postmenopausal (vs premenopausal) 0.025 -0.033, 0.083 0.40

=======================

baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity.

BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood

pressure;

HR, heart rate; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density

lipoprotein cholesterol; UA, uric acid; WBC, white blood cell; CRP, C-reactive

protein; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; PWV, pulse wave velocity.

Al Pater, PhD; email: old542000@...

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