Japanese alcohol U-curved mortality

[Guest guest]

Hi All,

CRers may look to Japanese for the benefits of various agents for health. The

below

excerpted pdf-available paper indicates that survival even for cancer is inverse

U-curved in incidence in the association.

Lin Y, Kikuchi S, Tamakoshi A, Wakai K, Kawamura T, Iso H, Ogimoto I, Yagyu K,

Obata

Y, Ishibashi T; The JACC Study Group.

Alcohol consumption and mortality among middle-aged and elderly Japanese men and

women.

Ann Epidemiol. 2005 Sep;15(8):590-7. Epub 2005 Jan 23.

PMID: 16118003

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=pubmed & dopt=Abstra\

ct & list_uids=16118003 & query_hl=35

¡­ prospective cohort study ¡­ At baseline (1988-1990), a total of 110,792

Japanese

men and women aged 40 to 79 years ¡­ were followed up for all-cause mortality

through December 31, 1999. ¡­ The risk of all-cause mortality was lowest among

current drinkers with an alcohol intake of 0.1 to 22.9 g/d (RR, 0.80; 95% CI,

0.72-0.88 for men; and RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77-1.00 for women). Excessive

mortality

associated with heavy drinking (> or = 69 g/d) was observed for cancer,

cardiovascular disease and injuries and other external causes in men, while

significantly reduced mortality with light drinking was seen for cancer in men

and

CVD in women. For men, the benefit associated with light alcohol consumption (<

23

g/d) was more apparent among nonsmokers than among smokers. ¡­ 23 g/d of alcohol

(approximately 2 drinks) ¡­

Table 2.

Relative risks of death according to cause and alcohol intake among men in the

JACC

study

===============

Nondrinkers Ex-drinkers Current drinkers (alcohol intake: g/day) P-value for

trend

0.1¨C22.9 23.0¨C45.9 46.0¨C68.9 ¡Ý 69.0

==============

Person-years 75352 20847 59708 77757 68622 32076

Death from all causes

No. of deaths 1281 719 616 998 765 440

Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.70 (1.55¨C1.86) 0.78 (0.71¨C0.86) 0.91

(0.83¨C0.99)

0.98 (0.89¨C1.07) 1.43 (1.28¨C1.60) <0.001

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.58 (1.44¨C1.74) 0.80 (0.72¨C0.88) 0.90

(0.82¨C0.98)

0.95 (0.86¨C1.04) 1.32 (1.18¨C1.48) <0.001

Death from cancer

No. of deaths 498 253 251 422 351 185

Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.56 (1.34¨C1.81) 0.79 (0.68¨C0.92) 0.96

(0.85¨C1.10)

1.09 (0.95¨C1.25) 1.43 (1.20¨C1.70) <0.001

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.50 (1.29¨C1.75) 0.82 (0.70¨C0.95) 0.96

(0.84¨C1.10)

1.05 (0.91¨C1.20) 1.31 (1.10¨C1.56) 0.001

Death from cardiovascular disease

No. of deaths 329 216 171 256 224 105

Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.95 (1.65¨C2.32) 0.86 (0.72¨C1.04) 0.92

(0.78¨C1.09)

1.18 (0.99¨C1.40) 1.45 (1.16¨C1.81) <0.001

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.79 (1.51¨C2.14) 0.86 (0.73¨C1.06) 0.89

(0.75¨C1.05)

1.09 (0.92¨C1.30) 1.28 (1.02¨C1.61) 0.01

Death from injuries and external causes

No. of deaths 30 17 28 35 25 18

Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.70 (0.94¨C3.08) 1.35 (0.81¨C2.27) 1.23

(0.76¨C2.01)

1.11 (0.65¨C1.90) 1.88 (1.04¨C3.40) 0.17

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.69 (0.92¨C3.08) 1.52 (0.90¨C2.58) 1.37

(0.83¨C2.26)

1.23 (0.71¨C2.13) 1.99 (1.09¨C3.64) 0.11

================

RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval.

Multivariate RR: adjusted for age, body mass index, education, cigarette

smoking,

exercise, and history of diabetes and hypertension.

P for trend among current drinkers.

Table 3. Relative risks of death according to cause and alcohol intake among

women

in the JACC study

===============

Nondrinkers Ex-drinkers Current drinkers (alcohol intake: g/day) P-value for

trend

0.1¨C22.9 23.0¨C45.9 ¡Ý 46.0

===============

Person-years 406599 8448 57611 9948 3211

Death from all causes

No. of deaths 2912 92 252 52 18

Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.49 (1.21¨C1.83) 0.84 (0.74¨C0.95) 0.98

(0.74¨C1.29)

1.39 (0.88¨C2.21) 0.52

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.27 (1.03¨C1.57) 0.88 (0.77¨C1.00) 0.93

(0.70¨C1.22)

1.22 (0.76¨C1.95) 0.47

Death from cancer

No. of deaths 1054 30 119 26 6

Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.35 (0.94¨C1.94) 1.00 (0.83¨C1.21) 1.26

(0.86¨C1.86)

1.09 (0.49¨C2.43) 0.42

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.21 (0.83¨C1.74) 1.03 (0.85¨C1.25) 1.20

(0.81¨C1.77)

1.04 (0.46¨C2.33) 0.53

Death from cardiovascular disease

No. of deaths 975 20 62 12 6

Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) 1.00 0.96 (0.61¨C1.49) 0.66 (0.51¨C0.85) 0.71

(0.40¨C1.25)

1.62 (0.72¨C3.61) 0.09

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 0.79 (0.50¨C1.23) 0.69 (0.53¨C0.90) 0.65

(0.37¨C1.15)

1.22 (0.54¨C2.76) 0.06

Death from injuries and external causes

No. of deaths 67 2 13 2

Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.39 (0.34¨C5.69) 1.60 (0.88¨C2.91) 1.42

(0.36¨C5.79)

¨C 0.50

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.69 (0.41¨C7.02) 2.11 (1.14¨C3.89) 2.01

(0.49¨C8.32)

¨C 0.17

================

RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval.

Multivariate RR: adjusted for age, body mass index, education, cigarette

smoking,

exercise, and history of diabetes and hypertension, and P for trend among

current

drinkers.

Table 4. Relative risks of death from all causes according to age, smoking, and

alcohol intake among men in the JACC study

===============

Nondrinkers Ex-drinkers Current drinkers (alcohol intake: g/day)

0.1¨C22.9 23.0¨C45.9 46.0¨C68.9 ¡Ý 69.0

===============

Ages 40¨C59 years

No. of deaths 190 137 150 204 240 176

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 2.77 (2.21¨C3.46) 0.98 (0.79¨C1.22) 1.02

(0.83¨C1.25)

1.14 (0.94¨C1.39) 1.57 (1.27¨C1.94)

Ages 60¨C79 years

No. of deaths 1091 582 466 794 525 264

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.43 (1.29¨C1.58) 0.77 (0.69¨C0.86) 0.88

(0.80¨C0.97)

0.92 (0.83¨C1.02) 1.29 (1.12¨C1.48)

Nonsmokers

No. of deaths 308 93 78 131 81 47

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.61 (1.27¨C2.04) 0.50 (0.39¨C0.65) 0.86

(0.70¨C1.07)

0.97 (0.75¨C1.25) 1.52 (1.11¨C2.07)

Ever smokers

No. of deaths 911 584 509 829 656 372

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.56 (1.41¨C1.73) 0.85 (0.77¨C0.95) 0.90

(0.82¨C0.99)

0.96 (0.86¨C1.06) 1.34 (1.18¨C1.51)

Excluding deaths within the first 2 years of follow-up

No. of deaths 1117 613 547 903 708 398

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.58 (1.43¨C1.75) 0.82 (0.74¨C0.91) 0.93

(0.85¨C1.02)

1.00 (0.91¨C1.11) 1.38 (1.22¨C1.55)

===============

RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval.

Multivariate RR: adjusted for age, body mass index, education, cigarette

smoking,

exercise, and history of diabetes and hypertension.

Table 5. Relative risks of death from all causes according to age, smoking, and

alcohol intake among women in the JACC Study

===============

Nondrinkers Ex-drinkers Current drinkers (alcohol intake: g/day)

0.1¨C22.9 23.0¨C45.9 ¡Ý 46.0

===============

Ages 40¨C59 years

No. of deaths 551 20 77 18 8

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.36 (0.86¨C2.15) 0.89 (0.70¨C1.13) 1.10

(0.68¨C1.77)

1.40 (0.68¨C2.87)

Ages 60¨C79 years

No. of deaths 2748 100 204 40 13

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.37 (1.12¨C1.68) 0.82 (0.71¨C0.95) 0.76

(0.56¨C1.04)

1.18 (0.68¨C2.04)

Nonsmokers

No. of deaths 2823 58 215 22 10

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.37 (1.05¨C1.77) 0.86 (0.75¨C1.00) 0.59

(0.39¨C0.90)

1.22 (0.66¨C2.27)

Ever smokers

No. of deaths 246 46 44 23 11

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.47 (1.07¨C2.02) 0.77 (0.55¨C1.07) 0.92

(0.60¨C1.42)

1.54 (0.83¨C2.85)

Excluding deaths within the first 2 years of follow-up

No. of deaths 2979 104 259 55 19

Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.00 1.30 (1.07¨C1.59) 0.86 (0.75¨C0.98) 0.89

(0.68¨C1.17)

1.25 (0.79¨C1.98)

===============

RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval.

Multivariate RR: adjusted for age, body mass index, education, cigarette

smoking,

exercise, and history of diabetes and hypertension.

For both men and women, the estimates remained unchanged after excluding those

who

had died within the first 2 years of follow-up. Additional adjustment for

consumption of green leafy vegetables and female reproductive factors did not

materially alter the results.

Al Pater, PhD; email: old542000@...

__________________________________

Start your day with - Make it your home page!

http://www./r/hs