Low-fat milk for blood pressure

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Hi All,

Go for low-fat dairy for lower risk of higher blood pressure, may suggest the

pdf-available not in Medline paper below. This was a prospective study.

Alvaro Alonso, José Beunza, Delgado-Rodríguez, J Alfredo Martínez,

and

Angel Martínez-González

Low-fat dairy consumption and reduced risk of hypertension: the Seguimiento

Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort

Am J Clin Nutr 2005 82: 972-979.

ABSTRACT

Background: Some observational studies have shown a beneficial effect of dairy

consumption on blood pressure, especially in overweight and relatively young

(<40 y)

persons. However, no results from prospective studies conducted in a free-living

population exist that show this association in middle-aged adults.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess whether total, low-fat,

and

whole-fat dairy consumption was associated prospectively with the risk of

hypertension.

Design: This was a prospective study conducted in 5880 university graduates in

Spain, aged >20 y in 2000 (age: 37 y), free of hypertension and cardiovascular

disease at baseline, and followed-up with mailed questionnaires for a median of

27

mo. Dairy consumption was assessed with a previously validated semiquantitative

food-frequency questionnaire.

Results: One hundred eighty new cases of hypertension were identified. The

hazard

ratio of hypertension between extreme quintiles of low-fat dairy product

consumption

was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.84; P for trend = 0.02) after adjustment for the main

known risk factors for hypertension and several dietary factors. No significant

association between whole-fat dairy products or total calcium intake and

incident

hypertension was seen.

Conclusion: In this Mediterranean cohort, low-fat dairy consumption, but not

whole-fat dairy consumption, was associated with a lower risk of incident

hypertension.

TABLE 3 Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of hypertension according to quintiles

of

dairy product consumption in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra cohort

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Quintile 1 2 3 4 5 P for trend

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total dairy consumption

Multivariate 2 HR (95% CI)2 1 0.84 (0.54, 1.29) 0.85 (0.54, 1.32) 0.57

(0.34,

0.95) 0.75 (0.45, 1.27) 0.12

Low-fat dairy consumption

Multivariate 2 HR (95% CI)2 1 0.77 (0.47, 1.27) 0.65 (0.40, 1.06) 0.77

(0.46,

1.28) 0.46 (0.26, 0.84) 0.02

Whole-fat dairy consumption

Multivariate 2 HR (95% CI)2 1 1.02 (0.58, 1.77) 1.98 (1.20, 3.25) 1.48

(0.88,

2.51) 1.37 (0.77, 2.42) 0.44

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

regression model adjusted for age (continuous variable), sex, BMI (lineal

and

quadratic term), physical activity, alcohol consumption, sodium intake, total

energy

intake, smoking (never, former, or current), and hypercholesterolemia (yes or

no).

2 regression model with additional adjustment for quintiles of fruit,

vegetable,

fiber, caffeine, magnesium, potassium, monosaturated fatty acid, and saturated

fatty

acid intakes.

TABLE 4 Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of hypertension according to quintiles

of

calcium intake in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra cohort

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Quintile 1 2 3 4 5 P for trend

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total calcium intake

Multivariate 2 HR (95% CI)2 1 0.99 (0.62, 1.59) 0.83 (0.51, 1.36) 0.69

(0.40,

1.18) 0.99 (0.57, 1.73) 0.71

Calcium from low-fat dairy products

Multivariate 2 HR (95% CI)2 1 0.77 (0.47, 1.26) 0.61 (0.37, 1.00) 0.76

(0.46,

1.26) 0.46 (0.25, 0.82) 0.02

Calcium from other dietary sources

Multivariate 2 HR (95% CI)2 1 0.82 (0.49, 1.39) 1.09 (0.65, 1.83) 1.11

(0.66,

1.87) 1.34 (0.77, 2.32) 0.16

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 regression model adjusted for age (continuous variable), sex, BMI (lineal

and

quadratic term), physical activity, alcohol consumption, sodium intake, total

energy

intake, smoking (never, former, or current), and hypercholesterolemia (yes or

no).

2 regression model with additional adjustment for quintiles of fruit,

vegetable,

fiber, caffeine, magnesium, potassium, monosaturated fatty acid, and saturated

fatty

acid intakes.

Al Pater, PhD; email: old542000@...

__________________________________

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