Negative Thoughts Increase Pain Perception: Study

March 8, 2002

Thu Mar 7, 5:27 PM ET

By Kathleen Doheny

SAN DIEGO (Reuters Health) - If you arrive at the dentist's office angry--or

fearful or sad, for that matter--take a moment to get in a neutral state of

mind. That way, the drilling, poking and prodding will seem to hurt less,

according to a Canadian researcher who has studied how emotions modulate the

pain experience.

" Negative emotions affected the perception of pain more than positive emotions

in our experiment, " said Quoc Viet Huynh Bao, a dental student at the University

of Montreal, who will present his findings Saturday in San Diego at the annual

meeting of the International Association for Dental Research.

In the study, Huynh Bao asked 26 men and women in their 20s and 30s to immerse

one hand in hot water, at about 113 to 122 degrees Fahrenheit (45 to 50 degrees

Celsius). The temperatures were individually adjusted so that each person could

tolerate the water for a minute without too much pain, he told Reuters Health.

Next, the investigators used hypnotic suggestion to induce a range of emotions

during each one-minute immersion: relaxation, depression, anger, fear,

anticipation of relief, and satisfaction. As the hand was immersed, the

researchers would induce emotion with statements such as " You feel angry " or

" You want to escape, but cannot. " Then the study participants reported how much

pain they felt and how unpleasant it was.

Study participants felt the pain was more unpleasant when they were experiencing

fear, depression or anger, Huynh Bao reported. " With positive emotions there was

a reduction in pain, but it was not significant, " he added.

Previous studies, he said, have found the opposite: that fear and anger, such as

experienced by soldiers at war, reduce pain. But this study found the negative

emotions worsened pain perception. " Negative emotion states make pain feel

worse, " he explained.

The more susceptible study participants were to hypnosis, the stronger emotions

they felt and the more their emotions influenced their pain perception, Huynh

Bao noted.

For dentists, he added, the message is to try to help their patients get into at

least a neutral state of mind before beginning treatment. Patients who arrive at

the dentist's office feeling negatively should take a few moments to relax,

listen to a joke or take other measures to banish negative emotions, he

suggested.

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