Cut bowel cancer risk by eating less, better: study

[Guest guest]

Cut bowel cancer risk by eating less, better: study

By E. J. Mundell

NEW ORLEANS, Apr 23 (Reuters Health) - Preliminary studies in mice

suggest that smaller portions and healthier food choices may be key in

keeping the gut and colon cancer-free.

Cancer-prone mice fed either a restricted-calorie diet or a diet rich in

olive oil, fruits and vegetables were up to 60% less likely to develop

pre-cancerous colon polyps compared with mice fed regular diets,

according to investigators at the US National Cancer Institute, in

Bethesda, land.

The findings suggest that individuals who want to prevent intestinal and

colon cancers " avoid overeating and consume a healthier diet rich in

beneficial fatty acids (and) high in fruits and vegetables, " according

to lead researcher Dr. Volker Mai. He presented the findings here

Tuesday at the annual Experimental Biology 2002 conference.

Numerous studies have supported the notion that the simple act of

cutting back on daily calories can bring longer, healthier life. And

nutritionists everywhere agree that diets heavy in fruits, vegetables

and healthy oils work to fight a host of illnesses.

In their study, Mai's team had mice bred with a gene that left them

highly susceptible to intestinal cancers placed on one of five diets.

The mice were fed either a regular diet, a regular diet plus moderate

exercise, a high-fat diet, a calorie-restricted (40% less) diet, or a

diet high in olive oil, fruits and vegetables.

At the end of the study, the researchers examined the number of

polyps--small pre-cancerous growths--in each mouse's gut.

Compared with mice on the regular diet, mice on the olive oil, fruit and

vegetable regimen displayed 40% fewer polyps within the intestines and

colon, while mice on the calorie-restricted meal showed a full 60%

reduction in polyp development.

The combination of a regular diet plus exercise also reduced polyp

development, but only slightly, the researchers add. On the other end of

the scale, mice fed high-fat regimens displayed the most prolific polyp

growth.

In an interview with Reuters Health, Mai said that " mice are obviously

not men, but strong similarities exist between them. " Although the

mechanisms by which various foods affect health remain unclear, Mai

speculated that low-calorie, plant-based diets may alter levels of

hormones in the body that influence cancer development.

Still, firm conclusions as to the benefits of various diets to the human

gastrointestinal tract can only come from clinical trials, he said. The

next step, according to Mai, is to conduct more animal studies to

determine if a combo regimen--calorie-restriction plus fruits and

vegetables--can drive polyp counts down even further. The scientists

also plan to research the potential of such diets in preventing other

cancers, including breast cancer.