Re: Re: Need Advice on Stabilizing Weight (Optimum BMI for longevity)

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Hi Antony, Do you forget your sending the below paper? Fontana L, Klein S.Aging, adiposity, and calorie restriction.JAMA. 2007 Mar 7;297(9):986-94. Review. PMID: 17341713 ABSTRACT Context Excessive calorie intake and subsequent obesity increases the risk of developing chronic disease and decreases life expectancy. In rodent models, calorie restriction with adequate nutrient intake decreases the risk of developing chronic disease and extends maximum life span. Objective To evaluate the physiological and clinical implications of calorie restriction with adequate nutrient intake. Evidence Acquisition Search of PubMed (1966-December 2006) using terms encompassing various aspects of calorie restriction, dietary restriction, aging, longevity, life span, adiposity, and obesity; hand search of journals that focus on

obesity, geriatrics, or aging; and search of reference lists of pertinent research and review articles and books. Reviewed reports (both basic science and clinical) included epidemiologic studies, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials, with quality of data assessed by taking into account publication in a peer-reviewed journal, number of animals or individuals studied, objectivity of measurements, and techniques used to minimize bias. Evidence Synthesis It is not known whether calorie restriction extends maximum life span or life expectancy in lean humans. However, calorie restriction in adult men and women causes many of the same metabolic adaptations that occur in calorie-restricted rodents and monkeys, including decreased metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory risk factors for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and possibly cancer. Excessive calorie restriction causes malnutrition and has adverse clinical effects. Conclusions Calorie restriction in adult men and women causes beneficial metabolic, hormonal, and functional changes, but the precise amount of calorie intake or body fat mass associated with optimal health and maximum longevity in humans is not known. In addition, it is possible that even moderate calorie restriction may be harmful in specific patient populations, such as lean persons who have minimal amounts of body fat. Cheers, Al.citpeks <citpeks@...> wrote: The notion

of having as much fat as possible while eating as little aspossible for longevity seems contradictory. Dr. Walford thought thatyou needed to have a BMI of less than 20 (BT120YD, p.228) to livelong. However, the following study of over 1 million people foundthat a BMI of around 23 was associated with the greatest longevity(PMID: 10511607). Needless to say, when this paper was discussed inthe CRS group last year, there was much skepticism. Even Delaney expressed his doubts. However, facts are hard to ignore. Even though we know that lowerBMIs are associated with less diabetes and cancer, and that lower BMIsrequire fewer calories, it was not the low BMI people who lived thelongest. Go figure.Tony ZamoraCalle EE, Thun MJ, Petrelli JM, C, Heath CW Jr. Body-massindex and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl JMed. 1999 Oct 7;341(15):1097-105. PMID: 10511607In a

prospective study of more than 1 million adults in the UnitedStates (457,785 men and 588,369 women), 201,622 deaths occurred during14 years of follow-up.In healthy people who had never smoked, the nadir of the curve forbody-mass index and mortality was found at a body-mass index of 23.5to 24.9 in men and 22.0 to 23.4 in women.> > > > >> > > > > Hi folks:> > > > > > > > > > Remember Warren 's post here several years ago to the > > > effect > > > > > that: "Among the life-extended CR mice, the ones that lived > > the > > > > > absolute longest were those with the highest

body fat." > They > > > were > > > > > all fed identically of course.> > > > > > > > > > The question is: "What can we do to effectively implement > what > > > the > > > > > mice were up to in our own lives?"> > > > > > > > > > Any ideas? > > > > > > > > > > Rodney.> >>

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> Fontana's paper, which was posted by Al, seems to

> say that if you are

> thin, you may not be able to benefit much from CR.

but you may be able to benefit from ON.

I also think that these comments in the article are in

reference to the Minnesota experiment, which was

conducted on men who were already thin and lean, but

the percent restriction, and resulting BMI, were much

less than anyone here is recommending. I dont know of

another example of CR on humans that Fontana could

have been referring to.

Also, I posted these comments back in March on this

issue in this paper...

>> " In addition, it is possible that even moderate

calorie restriction

may be harmful in specific patient populations, such

as lean persons

who have minimal amounts of body fat. "

I thought this statement was kind of ironic.

If someone is " lean " and has a " minimal " amount of

body fat, they had to accomlish that one of two

ways...

1) practice some form of CR

2) enage in excessive amounts of exercise.

If it is number 1), then they are already practicing

CR and I think the caution is appropriate to not go to

far, or to an extreme for them. For them, I also

think making sure their intake is not only CR but also

ON, while maintaining their weight, would be a more

appropriate recommendation.

If it is number 2), then that may have its own issues

above and beyond extreme CR.

I think the caution to not go below 18.5 is fair.

Regards

Jeff