Tomatoes best lycopene 4 stress relief

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Is eating tomatoes better than its lycopene for stress relief? The below paper is pdf-availed. Gitenay D, Lyan B, Rambeau M, Mazur A, Rock E. Comparison of lycopene and tomato effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress in vitamin E deficient rats.Eur J Nutr. 2007 Nov 17; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 18026867 Abstract Background Cohort studies suggested that individuals with higher intake of tomatoes and tomato products have a lower risk of degenerative diseases. Lycopene, an antioxidant and antiproliferative carotenoid, has been hypothesized to be responsible for the health benefits of

tomatoes. However, studies demonstrated a higher potential of tomatoes compared to lycopene to reduce oxidative stress or carcinogenesis. Aim of the study Our study aimed at distinguishing lycopene effect from that of tomato on oxidative stress, by using yellow tomato, a tomato variety devoid of lycopene. Methods Effects of feeding with none (control), 16% freeze-dried yellow tomato (YT), 16% freeze-dried red tomato (RT) or 0.05% lycopene beadlets (LB) were compared in a rat model with mild oxidative stress induced by low vitamin E diet (LVED). Four groups of 10 rats were fed ad libitum for 6 weeks. Physiological parameters such as ingesta, body, spleen and liver weights, cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) levels were assessed. Lycopene and vitamin E concentrations and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in the plasma and/or liver and/or heart

tissue of the rats. Results RT, YT, and LB had no effect on rats' ingesta, body and spleen weights. RT, YT and LB had no effect on plasma cholesterol concentration. RT decreased TG level compared to control, YT and LB (P <0.05). Rats fed RT or LB accumulated lycopene in plasma in contrast with rats fed YT. Heart level of thiobarbituric reactive species (TBARS) in rats fed RT or YT was lower than that in the control and the LB fed rats (P <0.05). Despite similar concentrations of lycopene in plasma and liver, rats fed LB showed a significantly higher heart level of TBARS than rats fed tomatoes. RT increased erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (eSOD) activity compared with LB and nitric oxide (NO) level compared with control and LB. LB decreased ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) level compared with control, RT and LB (P <0.05). Conclusion Our study showed for the first time that tomatoes, containing or not containing lycopene, have a higher potential than lycopene to attenuate and or to reverse oxidative stress-related parameters in a mild oxidative stress context. Keywords tomato - lycopene - oxidative stress - vitamin E Table 1. Diet composition (%).=============================== LVED supplemented with Control RT YT LB===============================Casein 15 15 15 15Wheat starch 70.5 54.5 54.5 70.45Groundnut oil 5 5 5 5Mineral mix 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5Full vitamin mix 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3Vitamin mix without vitamin E 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6Cellulose 5 5 5 5Lyophilized tomato 0 16 16 0Lycopene beadlets 0 0 0 0.05=============================== Freeze-dried red tomato (RT) and lycopene beadlets (LB) enriched

diets contain 50 mg of lycopene per kg of diet. Table 2. Carotenoids content of freeze-dried RT and YT used for the supplementation.================================Carotenoids RT YT================================Beta-carotene 31.8±11.2 1.7±0.1Lycopene 312.6±12.7 0Lutein 6.82±8.2 4.6±0.1Zaexanthin 0 1.9±0.2 Table 3. Effects of tomato and lycopene supplementation on rat ingesta, body, spleen and liver weights, and on lipemia.====================================================== LVED supplemented with Control RT YT LB======================================================Ingesta (g/day) 19.2±0.5 22.4±0.3 22.7±0.3 21.7±0.4Rat body weight after 6 weeks of experimentation (g) 402.1±12.2 423.4±9.7 417.1±6.7 426.3±8.8Liver weight (g) 14.1±0.5 13.9±0.6 14.7±0.5 14.3±0.7Spleen

weight (g) 0.95±0.04 0.95±0.04 0.88±0.03 0.98±0.03Plasma Triglycerides (mM) 3.4±0.4b 2.2±0.2a 2.3±0.3b 2.7±0.4bPlasma Cholesterol (mM) 0.74±0.03 0.68±0.04 0.72±0.05 0.67±0.03====================================================== Results are expressed as means±SEM for n = 10 animals per group. Means with different superscript letter (a, are significantly different (P < 0.05). Table 4 Effects of tomato and lycopene supplementation on plasma and hepatic vitamin E and lycopene status.====================================================== LVED supplemented with Control RT YT LB======================================================Plasma Vit E/TG^a (µmol/mol TG) 3.2 5.6 5.8 4.3Hepatic Vit E (nmol/g wet tissue) 48.6±0.9 54.9±8.8 51.6±5.4 50.1±5.2Plasma lycopene^a (nM) 0 25.1 0 32.1Plasma lycopene/TG^a (nmol/mmol

TG) 0 12.4 0 14.5Hepatic lycopene (nmol/g wet tissue) 0 9.8±1.8 0 7.4±1.6====================================================== Results are expressed as means±SEM for n = 10 animals per group. a Rats plasma (n = 6) samples were pooled for HPLC carotenoid and VitE analysis. Table 5. Effect of tomato and lycopene supplementation on oxidative stress parameters.====================================================== LVED supplemented with Control RT YT LB======================================================Cardiac TBARS (nmol/g wet tissue) 168.4±13.1b 105.9±6.7a 105.3±5.8a 158±15.8bHepatic tGSH (lmol/g wet tissue) 3.7±0.7 4.1±0.7 3.6±1 3.5±0.9eSOD activity (U/mg Hb) 2.9±0.5ab 3.3±0.2a 2.4±0.2ab 2.1±0.2bFRAP (µM Fe2+) 263.3±20.1a 285.2±25.6a 280.1±17.6a 236.7±22.3bPlasma nitrite + nitrate (µM) 15.3±0.4b

17.4±0.6a 16.3±0.4ab 15.8±0.3b====================================================== Results are expressed as means±SEM for n = 10 animals per group. Means with different superscript letter (a, are significantly different (P < 0.05). -- Al Pater, alpater@...

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