+1 For Beans, -1 For GI/GL

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1) Consumption of legumes, soybeans in particular, was inversely associated with the risk type 2 DM.2) These findings do not support a relation between dietary GI or GL and the risk of type 2 diabetes in older adults.the risk of type 2 diabetes in older adults.1)Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jan;87(1):162-7.Legume and soy food intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes inthe Shanghai Women's Health Study.Villegas R, Gao YT, Yang G, Li HL, Elasy TA, Zheng W, Shu XO.Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center andVanderbilt Ingram-Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Nashville, TN.BACKGROUND: It has been postulated that a diet high in legumes maybe beneficial for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2DM). However, data linking type 2 DM risk and legume intake are limited.OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to examine the associationbetween legume and soy food consumption and self-reported type 2 DM.DESIGN: The study was conducted in a population-based prospective cohortof middle-aged Chinese women. We followed 64 227 women with no historyof type 2 DM, cancer, or cardiovascular disease at study recruitment foran average of 4.6 y. Participants completed in-person interviews thatcollected information on diabetes risk factors, including dietary intakeand physical activity in adulthood. Anthropometric measurements weretaken. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food-frequencyquestionnaire at the baseline survey and at the first follow-up surveyadministered 2-3 y after study recruitment. RESULTS: We observed aninverse association between quintiles of total legume intake and 3mutually exclusive legume groups (peanuts, soybeans, and other legumes)and type 2 DM incidence. The multivariate-adjusted relative risk of type2 DM for the upper quintile compared with the lower quintile was 0.62(95% CI: 0.51, 0.74) for total legumes and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.62) forsoybeans. The association between soy products (other than soy milk) andsoy protein consumption (protein derived from soy beans and theirproducts) with type 2 DM was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Consumptionof legumes, soybeans in particular, was inversely associated with therisk type 2 DM.2) Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jan;87(1):126-31.Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load and the risk of type 2diabetes in older adults.Sahyoun NR, AL, Tylavsky FA, Lee JS, Sellmeyer DE, TB; for the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study.Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of land,College Park, MD.BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether immediate dietary effects on bloodglucose influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE: Theobjective of this study was to examine whether the dietary glycemicindex (GI) and glycemic load (GL) were associated with the risk of type2 diabetes in older adults. DESIGN: The Health, Aging, and BodyComposition Study is a prospective cohort study of 3075 adults who were70-79 y old at baseline (n = 1898 for this analysis). The intakes ofspecific nutrients and food groups and the risk of type 2 diabetes overa 4-y period were examined according to dietary GI and GL. RESULTS:Dietary GI was positively associated with dietary carbohydrate andnegatively associated with the intakes of protein, total fat, saturatedfat, alcohol, vegetables, and fruit. Dietary GL was positivelyassociated with dietary carbohydrate, fruit, and fiber and negativelyassociated with the intakes of protein, total fat, saturated fat, andalcohol. Persons in the higher quintiles of dietary GI or GL did nothave a significantly greater incidence of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS:These findings do not support a relation between dietary GI or GL andthe risk of type 2 diabetes in older adults. Because dietary GI and GLshow strong nutritional correlates, the overall dietary pattern shouldbe considered.