Glycation and Fructation to dietary AGEs and effects

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Searching pubmed:

First select PMC at "search" top left

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez

set the limits at:

glycation[All Fields] AND ("1800/01/01"[PubDate] : "1990/01/01"[PubDate])

That gives you access to the earliest articles in full text pdfs.

Adding fructose to the search: I got an interesting article:

The use of the words glycation and fructose in:

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez & artid=1135388 & blobtype=pdf

is endogenous in diabetes mellitus.

Has a diagram from an article in 1984.

This one:

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez & artid=1219847 & blobtype=pdf

gives the indication that fructated lysine has a radically different immunoreactivity from glycated lysine.

"Thus the glycation reaction with fructose was found to proceed for at least 2 weeks in the presence of a large excess of fructose. However, a marked difference was observed in Fluorescence intensities, corresponding to levels of AGEs, between samples incubated with fructose and glucose. The formation of AGEs in fructated BSA was much faster than that in glucated BSA, as reported previously [12].

Not sure what this means but it is different.

Here:

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez & artid=408396 & blobtype=pdf

Implicating sites of inflammation.

Forcing the search to dietary AGEs:

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez & artid=1899464

So the risk is real for mice.

And human diabetics: Finally some numbers.

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez & artid=21074

{DIET coke has more!}

Table 4

AGE content of commonbeverages

Beverage

Content, g/cup*

AGE, units/cup

Protein

Carbohydrate

Fat

Sprite (soda)

0

26

0

475

Orange juice

<1

23

0

600

Tea

0

0

0

2,025

Coffee

0

0

0

2,200

Classic Coca-Cola (soda)

0

27

0

8,500

Diet Coke (soda)

0

0

0

9,500

*250 ml = 1 cup.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 June 10; 94(12): 6474–6479.

Copyright © 1997, The National Academy of Sciences of the USA

{But not near that of:

Duck skin (roasted) = 6,259,000

Or even granola = 193,400}

"In conclusion, diet-derived AGEs that are absorbed into the bloodstream may represent a major source of chemically and biologically active toxins. These glycotoxins are only partially eliminated in the urine and may exert significant reactivity in the body. Diabetic renal impairment severely impedes the timely elimination of dietary AGEs, potentially compounding the injury inflicted by these agents. On the basis of the data presented, appropriate measures to limit AGE intake, such as eliminating those foods or modes of cooking associated with the highest AGE content, may greatly reduce the already heavy burden of these toxins in the diabetic patient."

{And the big answer:}

"Generally, based on the formula: serum AUC × plasma volume, the total amount of orally absorbed AGEs found in blood was equal to ≈10% of that estimated to be present in the ingested meal. Of that, only 30% was excreted in the urine of persons with normal renal function over the subsequent 48 hr, and it decreased proportionately to as low as <5% in those with severe renal disease (Fig. 3B)."

{The half life of a roasted duck meal might be 3 days. (WAG)}

And the comparisons of the omnivore and vegetarian diets in Slovaks is as Jeff said, too small to worry.

Regards