Hormonefound to help people with autism

[Guest guest]

By Rob Stein

Washington Post Staff Writer

Tuesday, February 16, 2010

A nasal spray containing a hormone that is known to make women more maternal

and men less shy apparently can help those with autism make eye contact and

interact better with others, according to a provocative study released

Monday.

The study, involving 13 adults with either a high-functioning form of autism

or Asperger syndrome, a mild form of the disorder, found that when the

subjects inhaled the hormone oxytocin, they scored significantly better on a

test that involved recognizing faces and performed much better in a game

that involved tossing a ball with others.

Although more research is needed to confirm and explore the findings, the

results are the latest in a growing body of evidence indicating that the

hormone could lead to ways to help people with the often devastating brain

disorder function better.

" This is the first study that looked at whether oxytocin has an effect on

social behavior, which is a major deficit in autism, " said Sirigu,

who directs the National Center for Scientific Research in France and led

the study, published online by the Proceedings of the National Academy of

Sciences. " It looks like it could be very helpful. "

Researchers who were not involved in the study praised the work, saying the

findings were promising and could lead to the first effective treatment for

the central problems affecting people with autism.

" I think it's going to be a very exciting finding for a lot of people, " said

, chief of cognitive neuropsychology at the National Institute of

Mental Health.

Because oxytocin does not last long in the body and produces its effects for

a relatively brief period, some experts said the findings were more likely

to encourage drug companies to develop alternative substances that had the

same benefits.

" This paper suggests that's worth doing, " said R. Insel, director of

the institute. " It adds another brick in the wall that suggests there may be

an opportunity to develop treatment for one of the core symptoms of autism.

That's been the brass ring. "

But Sirigu was among those who said the finding should encourage more

research on the potential benefits of oxytocin itself, especially for

children. Administering the hormone soon after a child's autism is diagnosed

might help him or her develop more normally, she said.

" It's possible it can become a cure, if it's given early when the problems

are detected in the little kids, " Sirigu said. " We can change the way these

patients interact with people from childhood. "

Because previous research has indicated that some people with autism might

have abnormally low levels of oxytocin, conducting tests to identify those

people and administering them the hormone might help as well, said

, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Stanford University School

of Medicine.

" If you can find someone who appears to have deficits in oxytocin biology,

giving them what you might argue would be replacement oxytocin may be

helpful, " said.

Autism is a baffling disorder that can cause a variety of symptoms,

including speech and learning problems and profound, disabling difficulties

understanding emotions and social cues when interacting with people. The

number of children found to have autism has been increasing for reasons that

remain mysterious.

Oxytocin is produced naturally in the bodies of humans and animals. It plays

a key role in social interaction, promoting maternal behavior and monogamy

in animals. The hormone also heightens social sensitivity, social awareness,

generosity and trust in people.

Previous U.S. studies found that people with autism who received the hormone

intravenously were less likely to engage in repetitive behavior that is

another hallmark of autism and were more likely to be able to identify

emotions in voices. Another study being published in the journal Biological

Psychiatry found that 16 autistic males in Australia ages 12 to 19 who

received the hormone through a nasal spray were better able to recognize

other people's facial expressions.

" All the data seem to suggest that manipulating the oxytocin system has a

powerful effect on the core symptoms of autism, " said Hollander,

director of the compulsive, impulsive and autism spectrum disorders program

at the Montefiore Medical Center in New York.

While cautioning that more research is needed on children and additional

patients to make sure oxytocin is safe and effective, advocates for families

with children with autism welcomed the findings. Oxytocin has been in use

for several years as an " alternative " therapy for autism.

" Many families are using it with success and reporting improvement, " said

Fournier, president of the National Autism Association. " Getting

double-blind clinical studies like this one published helps to bring

credibility to parental reports. "

" We need to be mindful of the fact that the majority of human studies of

oxytocin have been conducted using adults, including this study, and only

one paper has included individuals between the ages of 12 and 18. We have to

be careful about the safety and efficacy of oxytocin on pediatric

populations, " said Clara Lajonchere, vice president of clinical programs for

Autism Speaks.