Death from colon cancer 48% less with high vitamin D levels

[Guest guest]

http://health.usnews.com/articles/health/healthday/2008/06/19/vitamin-d-may-promote-colon-cancer-survival.htm?loomia_ow=t0:a41:g12:r2:c0.435747:b21357641Vitamin D May Promote Colon Cancer Survival

But debate continues on whether the nutrient should be recommended for patients

Posted June 19, 2008

By ReinbergHealthDay ReporterTHURSDAY,

June 19 (HealthDay News) -- Colon cancer patients with high blood

levels of vitamin D boost their survival odds by 48 percent, a new

study suggests.

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Previous studies have indicated that high levels of vitamin D may

reduce the risk of getting colon cancer by 51 percent, although other

studies dispute that claim. But until now, no studies have looked at

whether vitamin D could improve survival among people who already had

the disease. "Vitamin D has been studied for many years, and

there is a lot of data that it could be implicated in cancer

pathogenesis," explained lead researcher Dr. Kimmie Ng, from the

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. "Vitamin D is involved a lot of

things that can go wrong in cancer," she noted. According to

Ng, the vitamin may improve survival in colon cancer patients by

slowing the growth of tumor cells. It may also be involved in killing

cancer cells and inhibiting the growth of blood vessels in tumors. The report is published in the June 20 edition of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.In

the study, Ng's team collected data on 304 patients diagnosed with

colon cancer between 1991 and 2002. These patients participated in

either the Nurses Health Study or the Health Professionals Follow-Up

Study. All those in the study had their vitamin D levels measured at least two years before being diagnosed with colon cancer. The

patients' health was tracked until they died, or until 2005, whichever

came first. During the follow-up period, 123 patients died, 96 of them

from colon or rectal cancer, the researchers report.The team

found that patients with the highest levels of vitamin D were 48

percent less likely to die from colon cancer or any other cause,

compared with those with the lowest levels. For colon cancer

alone, those with the highest vitamin D levels were 39 percent less

likely to die, compared with those with the lowest levels of vitamin D,

Ng's group found.Ng doesn't yet advocate vitamin D supplements

as a means of preventing or treating cancer, however. "Definitive

evidence that our results are due to vitamin D would require a

randomized clinical trial," Ng said. Clinical trials are

planned to determine if adding vitamin D to chemotherapy after surgery

improves colon cancer survival, the researcher said. However,

Ng believes that most people are probably not getting enough vitamin D

anyway. "Patients should talk with their physician about whether

vitamin D supplementation would be good for their health overall," Ng

said. Despite these and other findings, experts continue to debate the role of vitamin D in cancer treatment and prevention. Dr.

F. Holick, a professor in the department of medicine's

Endocrine Laboratory at Boston University, is convinced that high doses

of vitamin D can reduce the risk of malignancy and aid in cancer

treatment. "This finding is outstanding," Holick said. "It is

consistent with dozens and dozens of observations that have been made

in the past decade," he said. Holick believes that most people

do not get enough vitamin D. "Vitamin D deficiency is the most common

medical condition worldwide," he said. "Everyone, children and adults,

should be on at least 1,000 International Units (IU) of vitamin D a

day." That level is far above current recommendations, Holick

said. "Everybody now agrees that those recommendations need to be

markedly increased," he said. The recommended daily doses of

vitamin D supplements range from 200 IU a day for those under 50 to 400

IU for those 50 to 70 and 600 IU for people over 70. For

clinical trials to really determine whether vitamin D is effective as a

cancer preventative or treatment, the dose of vitamin D needs to be

very high, Holick said. Sunlight is a major source of vitamin

D, since the skin naturally produces the nutrient after sun exposure.

However, many people are now avoiding sun exposure (due to skin cancer

risk), so their levels of vitamin D have dropped significantly. "It has

placed the entire world population at risk for vitamin D deficiency,"

Holick said. "We really need more research on health behaviors

of cancer survivors," added Neli Ulrich, a molecular and nutritional

epidemiology, folate, and pharmacogenetics researcher at the Fred

Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, and the author of an

accompanying journal editorial. Whether vitamin D actually

prolongs patient survival isn't clear, Ulrich said. "It's an

association at this point. We cannot tell for sure until it has been

replicated and eventually a randomized trial has been done," she said. Ulrich

noted that the while many cancer patients take vitamin supplements,

whether they are of benefit or are harmful isn't yet known. "We know

that vitamin D has some toxicity," she noted.