Perhaps, for example, the childs.

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Wach study: Study on specific caregiver behaviors and competence of toddlers

(pp. 43-44).

Quasi-experiment: “Quasi-experiment is the study in which the assignment of

participants to experimental groups is determined by their natural experiences.

Results of quasi-experimental designs must be interpreted with causation” (pp.

51-52).

(1). et al on quasi-experiment: “In quasi-experiments, random assignment

of the participants is not done; thus, the groups are probably nonequivalent,

and they are usually alternative interpretations of the results that make it

definite conclusions difficult . . . Weak QED – this design occurs when trying

to evaluate situations in which participation is voluntary.