Fwd: Infection of Human B Lymphocytes with MMR

[Guest guest]

This was on another list. I thought it might be of interest to this list.

It's pretty interesting.

PROVIDED BY: Ray Gallup - Autism Autoimmunity Project

http://www.gti.net/truegrit/ 

This was courtesy of Harold Buttram, MD. The next item, a letter by Rita

Hoffman was included. He said that my eyes would pop out. I wasn't

disappointed, they did. Seven pages to follow with letter by Rita

Hoffman.

Clinical Immunology

Vol. 100, No. 3, September, pp. 355-361, 2001

available online at http://www.idealibrary.com

Infection of Human B Lymphocytes with MMR Vaccine Induces IgE Class

Switching

Farhad Imani and E. Kehoe

Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The

Hopkins University School of Medicine, Asthma and Allerrgy Center,

5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, land 21224

Correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: fimani@...

Circulating immunoglobulin E (IgE) is one of the characteristics of

human allergic diseases including allergic asthma. We recently showed

that infection of human B cells with rhinovirus or measles virus could

lead to the initial steps of IgE class switching. Since many viral

vaccines are live viruses, we speculated that live virus vaccines may

also induce IgE class switching in human B cells. To examine this

possibility, we selected the commonly used live attenuated measles mumps

rubella (MMR) vaccine. Here, we show that infection of a human IgM+ B

cell line with MMR resulted in the expression of germline e transcript.

In addition, infection of freshly prepared human PBLs with this vaccine

resulted in the expression of mature IgE mRNA transcript. Our data

suggest that a potential side effect of vaccination with live

attentuated viruses may be an increase in the expression of IgE.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++

Anaphylaxis Action

                   c/o Rita Hoffman, R. R. #2

                   Stirling, Ontario K0K 3E0 Canada

                   613-478-3236  pancakehill@...

November 6, 2001

Immunization Safety Review Committee

National Academy of Sciences

Institute of Medicine FO 3009

2101 Constitution Avenue NW

Washington, DC 20418

Dear Dr. McCormick, Chair & Committee,

Re: Epidemic of Children with Anaphylaxis

Thank you for the opportunity to submit the following information for

your review of the possible association between multiple immunizations

in newborns and infants and immune system dysfunction. We are writing in

particular about the potentially life threatening allergic response

called anaphylaxis.

The exact numbers of children affected by anaphylaxis are difficult to

pinpoint. A study in Arch Intern Med 2001 Jan 8; 161 (1): 15-2,

Anaphylaxis in the United States: an investigation into its

epidemiology, concluded with " The occurrence of anaphylaxis in the US is

not as rare as is generally believed. On the basis of our figures, the

problem of anaphylaxis may, in fact, affect 1.21% (1.9 million) to

15.04% (40.9 million) of the US population. " PMID 11146694

In June of this year an article by Associated Press Writer Jim

Fitzgerald entitled Peanut Butter Wars Rage in Schools stated " Schools

that haven't had a dangerously allergic pupil can expect one soon. " And

" peanut allergies among schoolchildren were 'barely on the radar' a

decade ago, said Dr. Goldman, a New York allergist and

immunologist who specializes in pediatric cases. " " Now I'm seeing a

tremendous number of cases, " he said. " It seems like the incidence is

really increasing. As to why, I don't think anyone in the world could

tell you for sure. "

In Canada, the Anaphylaxis Canada's Summer 2001 newsletter states

that " 20% of Canadians suffer from some form of allergy and approximately

4% of children and 2% of adults have developed a potentially lethal

allergy to food. "

The cover story in the September 2000 issue of Professionally Speaking,

the magazine of the Ontario College of Teachers is " An Abnormal Response

to Normal Things. " The article begins with " Teachers have to be aware

that allergies can kill. A growing number of children are at risk - and

a well-prepared teacher can make all the difference. " The article

explains that " About a decade ago, the sudden surge in highly allergic

children entering school systems across the province caught many

educators off guard. "

Why the " surge " in anaphylactic children entering school a decade ago?

These children were among the first to receive an additional

vaccination, Hib meningitis. Is it possible that the Pertussis and Hib

vaccine, both shown below to cause allergic responses, are creating a

hypersensitive immune system in some children? Has any study looked into

what happens to atopy incidence and IgE levels when 5 vaccines are given

concurrently in infants?

CAN VACCINES CAUSE FOOD ALLERGIES?

JAMA 2001 Apr 4;285(13): 1746-8 Detection of peanut allergens in breast

milk of lactating women states, " Most individuals who react to peanuts

do so on their first known exposure " .........and concluded " Peanut

protein secreted into breast milk of lactating women following maternal

dietary ingestion. Exposure to peanut protein during breastfeeding is a

route of occult exposure that may result in sensitization of at-risk

infants. " PMID 11277829

Women have been ingesting peanut protein while breastfeeding for

decades. What has changed in the last 15 years to cause infants to

develop life-threatening allergies to this legume? One change has been

the vaccination schedule.

The Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1999 Jul, 119(3):205-11 Pertussis adjuvant

prolongs intestinal hypersensitivity concludes: Our findings indicate

nanogram quantities of PT (pertussis toxin), when administered with a

food protein, result in long-term sensitization to the antigen, and

altered intestinal neuroimmune function. These data suggest exposure to

bacterial pathogens may prolong the normally transient immune

responsiveness tio inert food antigens. PMID 10436392

Does this study explain why babies and toddlers react on their first

exposure to the peanuts or other antigens? The babies may have been

sensitized by the vaccines to the proteins through breast milk or

formula ingested at the time of vaccination. This would also explain why

children are anaphylactic to a variety of proteins, such as different

tree nuts, peanuts, eggs, legumes, milk, seeds, etc., depending on what

proteins the mother ate at the time of vaccination.

IS THE INTRODUCTION OF THE HIB VACCINE CONNECTED TO THE INCREASE IN FOOD

ANAPHYLAXIS IN CHILDREN?

Rates of anaphylaxis have increased dramatically since the introduction

of the Hib vaccine.

Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1979 Mar-Apr; 6 (2): 139-49 Comparison of

vaccination of mice and rats with Haemophilus influenzae and Bordetta

pertussis as models of atopy, states " The Haemophilus influenzae

vaccinated experimental animal provides a model that is possibly more

related to human atopy than the Bordetella pertussis vaccinated animal. "

PMID 311260

Ann Allergy 1979 Jan;42(1):36-40 states " To determine whether

Haemophilus influenzae could be a factor in human atopy its effects were

studied on the (para-)Sympathic Cyclic nucleotide-histamine axis in

rats. Haemophilus influenzae vaccination induced changes in the

cholinergic system compatible with higher cyclic GMP levels and enhanced

histamine release. The authors suggest an involvement of the cholinergic

system in Haemophilus influenzae vaccination effects. PMID 216288

Agents Actions 1984 Oct;15(3-4):211-5 entitled Brochial hyperreactivity

to histamine induced by Haemophilus influenzae vaccination states " ......

This suggests hyperreactivity of the parasympathethic, cholinergic

pathways as a result of H influenzae vaccination. " PMID 6335351

Eur J. Pharmacol 1980 Apr 4;62(4):261-8 entitled The effects of

Haemophilus influenzae vaccination on anaphylactic mediator release and

isoprenaline-induced inhibition of mediator release states " These results

indicate an increased sensitivity to antigenic challenge and suggest

that the functioning of beta-adrenoceptors was decreased as a result of

H. Influenzae vaccination. " PMID 6154589

DOES THE PERTUSSIS VACCINE CAUSE ASTHMA, ALLERGIES AND ANAPHYLAXIS?

Pediatrics 1988 Jun (81) Supplement - Report on the Task Force on

Pertussis and Pertussis Immunization - extract states, For more than 25

years, it has been known that pertussis vaccine is a reliable adjuvant

for the production of experimental allergic encephalitis.

Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1987;23 Suppl 10:111s-113s A model for

experimental asthma provocation in guinea-pigs immunized with Bordetella

pertussis states, " Guinea-pigs were sensitized with killed Bordetella

pertussis....the presence of the immediate type of immune response was

verified by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis....B. pertussis not only

alters adrenergic function but provocation in B. pertussis-sensitized

guinea-pigs seems to be a good model for bronchial asthma. PMID 2889487

Pediatr Res 1987 Sep; 22(3): 262-7 Murine responses to immunizations

with pertussis toxin and bovine serum albumin: I. Mortality observed

after bovine albumin challenge is due to an anaphylactic

reaction......the results of our experiments have established that the

disease induced by coimmunizing mice with Ptx and BSA is due to an

immediate type hypersensitivity    PMID 3309858

Infect Immun 1987 Apr.; 55(4):1004-8 Anaphylaxis or so-called

encephalopathy in mice sensitized to an antigen with the aid of

pertussigen (pertussis toxin), states, Sensitization of mice with 1 mg

of bovine serum albumin (BSA) or chicken egg albumin (EA)...induced a

high degree of anaphylactic sensitivity when the mice were challenged

i.v. with 1 mg of antigen 14 days later.   PMID 3557617

JAMA 1994 Aug 24-31;272(8):592-3 Pertussis vaccination and asthma: is

there a link? A study of 450 children, 11% of the children who had

recived the pertussis vaccination suffered from asthma, as compared with

only 2% of the children who had not been vaccinated.  PMID 8057511

Allergy 1983 May; 38(4):261-71

The non-specific enhancement of allergy. III. Precipitation of bronchial

anaphylactic reactivity in primed rats by injection of alum or B.

pertussis vaccine: relation of response capacity to IgE and IgG2a

antibody levels....These results show that injection of alum or B.

pertussis without antigen can precipitate/enhance anaphylactic response

capacity and production of specific and non-specific IgE and IgG2a.

PMID 6307077

CAN VACCINE ADJUVANTS CAUSE ALLERGIES AND ANAPHYLAXIS?

Requests for information on the types of adjuvants used in human

vaccines have not been answered to date. We did find that adjuvants are

used to create allergic animals for scientific study and also that

peanut oil has been used as an adjuvant. Peanut is by far the most

common food to cause anaphylaxis in young children. Is peanut oil, or a

similar protein or portion of a protein used in human vaccines as an

adjuvant or " protein coat " in the Hib vaccine?? Aluminum has also been

used as an adjuvant and is known to cause allergies according to the

studies below. Could the adjuvants used in vaccines over the last 15

years be creating anaphylactic and allergic children?

J allerhy Clin Immunol 2001 Apr.;107(4):693-702 Murine model of atopic

dermatitis associated with food hypersensitivity states, " Female C3H/HeJ

mice were sensitized orally to cow's milk or peanut with a cholera toxin

adjuvant and then subjected to low-grade allergen exposure.....An

eczematous eruption developed in approximately one third of mice after

low-grade exposure to milk or peanut proteins......This eczematous

eruption resembles AD (atopic dermatitis) in human subjects and should

provide a useful model for studying immunopathogenic mechanisms of food

hypersensitivity in AD. " PMID 11295660

Allergy 1980 Jan;35(1):65-71 Antigen-induced bronchial anaphylaxis in

actively sensitized guinea-pigs. Pattern of response in relation to

immunization regimen....guinea-pigs sensitized with small amounts of

antigen with alum produced IgE and IgG1 antibodies. PMID 11295660

Allergy 1978 Jun:33(3):155-9 Aluminum phosphate but not calcium

phosphate stimulates the specific IgE response in guinea-pigs to tetanus

toxoid. It is hypothesized that the regular application of aluminum

compound-containing vaccines on the entire population could be one of

the factors leading to the observed increase of allergic diseases. PMID

707792

Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1994 May;5(2):118-23 Immunoglobulin E and G

responses to pertussis toxin after booster immunization in relation to

atopy, local reactions and aluminum content of the vaccines. The role of

aluminum for IgG and IgE responses to pertussis toxin (PT), as well as

for side effects, was investigated in 49 children with known atopy

status.....the addition of aluminum to the pertussis vaccine was, thus,

associated with a stronger IgG antibody response, but tended also to

induce a stronger IgE antibody response. The correlation between total

IgE and PT-IgE, which was most prominent in children with atopy,

indicates that the role of immunization for the development of allergy

merits further studies. PMID 8087191

Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1998 Jul 6;32(3):155-172 entitled Aluminum compounds

as vaccine adjuvants stated, " Limitations of aluminum adjuvants include

local reactions, augmentation of IgE antibody responses, ineffectiveness

for some antigens and inability to augment cell-mediated immune

responses, especially cytotoxic T-Cell responses. PMID 10837642

ls of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Vol. 85, Number 1, July 2000

article T-cell subsets (Th1 versus Th2) includes figure 7 on page 15 -

" Factors responsible for the imbalance of the Th1/Th2 responses which is

partly responsible for the increased prevalence of allergy in Western

countries. Risk for atopy - Th2, increased exposure to some allergens

and Th2-biasing vaccines (alum as adjuvant). "

Vaccine 1992;10(10):714-20 Parameters affecting the immunogenicity of

microencapsulated tetanus toxoid states " As expected, incomplete

Freund's adjuvant (IFA) proved to be a more potent adjuvant than peanut

oil....... " PMID 1523381

Can J Comp Med 1985 Apr;49(2):149-51 compared 6 different adjuvants in

swine including four mineral oil compounds, one peanut oil compond and

aluminum hydroxide.   PMID 4016580

C R Acad Sci Hebd ces Acad Sci D 1975 Apr 7;280(13):1629-32

states....a stable water in oil emulsion can be produced by using

metabolizable peanut oil with arlacel. When mycobacteria are added, a

potent emulsified oil adjuvant is obtained which increases the immune

response to BSA and to influenzae vaccine. PMID 811378

ARE MULTIPLE VACCINES CAUSING OUR IMMUNE SYSTEMS TO FAIL?

Immunology Today, March 1998, Volume 19, p. 113-116 states, " Modern

vaccinations, fear of germs and obsession with hygiene are depriving the

immune system of information input upon which it is dependent. This

fails to maintain the correct cytokine balance and fine-tune T-cell

regulation, and may lead to increased incidences of allergies and

autoimmune diseases. "

>From the journal Allergy 1999, 54, 398-399, Multiple Vaccinations effect

on atopy, " An increase in the incidence of childhood atopic diseases may

be expected as a result of concurrent vaccination strategies that induce

a Th2-biased immune response. What should be discussed is whether the

prize of a reduction of common infectious diseases through a policy of

mass vaccinations from birth is worth the price of a higher prevalence

of atopy. "

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, Feb

2000;23(2):81-90, Effects of diptheria-tetanus-pertussis or tetanus

vaccination on allergies and allergy-related respiratory symptoms among

children and adolescents in the United States, " The odds of having a

history of asthma was twice as great among vaccinated subjects than

among unvaccinated subjects. The odds of having any allergy-related

respiratory symptom in the past 12 months was 63% greater among

vaccinated subjects than unvaccinated subjects. "   PMID 10714532

Thorax 1998 Nov;53(11):927-32 Early childhood infection and atopic

disorder, stated " Interpretation of the prediction of atopic disorders

by immunization with wholecell pertussis vaccine and treatment with oral

antibotics needs to be very cautious because of the possibilities of

confounding effects and reverse causation. However, plausible immune

mechanisms are identifiable for the promotion of atopic disorders by

both factors and further investigation of these association is

warranted. "   PMID 10193389

Epidemiology 1997 Nov;8(6):678-80 Is infant immunization a risk factor

for childhood asthma or allergy? This study followed 1,265 children born

in 1977. The 23 children who received no DPT and polio immunizations had

no recorded asthma episodes or consultations for asthma or other

allergic illness before age 10 years;inthe immunized children, 23.1% had

asthma episodes, 22.5% asthma consultations, and 30% consultations for

other allergic illness. Similar differences were observed at ages 5 and

16 years.  PMID 9345669

Arerugi 2000 Jul;49(7):585-92, The Effect of DPT and BCG vaccinations on

atopic disorders findings include, " From these results we conclude that

DPT vaccination has some effect in the promotion of atopic

disorders..... " PMID 10944825

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 121;1:2000,2-9, Genetic

and environmental factors contributing to the onset of allergic

disorders. " The increasing prevalence of allergy in developed countries

suggests that environmental factors acting either before or after birth

also contribute to regulate the development of Th2 cells and/or their

function. The reduction of infectious diseases in early klife due to

increasing vaccinations, antimicrobial treatments as well as changed

lifestyle are certainly important in influencing the individual outcome

in the Th response to ubiquitous allergens.

In conclusion, living with anaphylaxis is to be continually on guard for

minute quantities of everyday food or other substances that may cause

death. Keeping anaphylactic children safe involves the whole community

including the child, parents, teachers, bus drivers, caregivers, friends

and family.

It is our hope that the Committee will investigate the questions we have

raised and will recommend further investigation into the connection

between vaccines and this most distressing allergic disease called

anaphylaxis.

Your time is greatly appreciated.

Respectfully yours,

Rita Hoffman