Re: Disinfecting and sporocidal composition and process for decontaminating buildin

[Guest guest]

-Thank you branislav.very interesting article.-- In

, " Branislav " <arealis@...> wrote:

>

> I found this formulation on a website called freepatentsonline.com.

I

> guess it means anyone can use it without paying the author. The

> formulation is based on hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide,

> propylene glycol and quaternary ammonium salts. It is argued that it

> can destroy spores of Stachy AND its mycotoxins below 0,1 ppm.

That's

> interesting to say the least.

>

>

> http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6500465.html

>

> Disinfecting and sporocidal composition and process for

> decontaminating buildings

>

> United States Patent 6500465

>

> Abstract: The present invention relates to a volatile, residue free

> peroxide antimicrobial composition, which can be applied as a

> penetrating and durable, fine aerosol, that has superior strength

with

> respect to decontaminating buildings infected with bacteria, fungi,

> virus or fungal or bacterial spores. The present invention is also

> directed to a process for decontaminating large man made structures

> and air contained in these.

>

> Claims:

>

> I claim:

>

> 1. A liquid biocidal, deodorant and mycotoxin and/or endotoxin

> denaturing composition, comprising:

>

> (a) 0.5-60 wt % of hydrogen peroxide;

>

> ( 0.5-60 wt % of t-butyl hydroperoxide;

>

> © 5-90 wt % of a water compatible glycol or glycol ether; and

>

> (d) 0-89 wt % of water.

>

> said composition being characterized by its lack of residue and

being

> convertible, utilizing thermofogging techniques, into a durable,

high

> density, fine aerosol with effective antimicrobial, deodorizing and

> toxin denaturing activity.

>

> 2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio

between

> hydrogen peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide is between 1:10 and 10:1

> and the total peroxide concentration is between 0.5 and 30% by

weight.

>

> 3. A composition according to claim 2, wherein the molar ratio

between

> hydrogen peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide is between 1:3 and 3:1

and

> the total peroxide concentration is between 5 and 20% by weight.

>

> 4. A composition according to claim 1 where the glycol is propylene

> glycol and the total propylene glycol concentration is between 10

and

> 90% by weight.

>

> 5. A composition according to claim 4 where the propylene glycol

> concentration is between 20 and 70% by weight.

>

> 6. A composition according to claim 1, which additionally includes

up

> to 10% by weight of a surfactant.

>

> 7. A composition according to claim 4, wherein the surfactant is a

> quaternary ammonium compound.

>

> 8. A composition according to claim 7, wherein the surfactant is

> didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.

>

> 9. A method of disinfecting and deodorizing and/or denaturing myco-

> and/or endotoxins which comprises applying an antimicrobially

> effective amount of the solution claimed in claim 1 in the form of a

> durable, high density, fine aerosol to a surface, object or air

space

> requiring disinfecting and/or deodorizing and/or myco- and/or

> endotoxin denaturing.

> Description:

>

> TECHNICAL FIELD

>

> The present invention relates to a volatile, residue free peroxide

> antimicrobial composition, which can be applied as a penetrating and

> durable, fine aerosol, that has superior strength with respect to

> decontaminating buildings infected with bacteria, fungi, virus or

> fungal or bacterial spores.

>

> The present invention is also directed to a process for

> decontaminating large man made structures and the air contained in

these.

>

> BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

>

> Disinfecting biologically contaminated large man-made structures--as

> for example shopping malls, sports complexes, high rises, subway

> systems, factories, etc.--as well as the air contained in these

> structures is an extremely challenging undertaking and none of the

> presently available methods are satisfactory.

>

> The most widely used method is fumigation with formaldehyde.

> Formaldehyde is a suspected carcinogenic and a potent allergen

which,

> due to inevitable residues left after a treatment, severely limits

its

> usefulness in structures inhabited by man.

>

> Numerous attempts have been made to use oxidizing gases such as

ozone

> or chlorine dioxide for decontaminating large buildings. However,

the

> results have invariably been very disappointing. This is to some

> extent due to the inherent inability of gases to penetrate a porous

> structure within a reasonable time. In fine pores diffusion is the

> only way for a gas to spread, and this process is slow. Mainly,

> though, the failure of ozone and chlorine dioxide in building

> decontamination is due to the instability and extreme reactivity of

> these gases. They are very toxic to man and will also corrode

> virtually any oxidizeable material, (metals, wood, textiles, plants,

> plastics, etc.) Actually the major part of these gases will be

> consumed in unwanted oxidation reactions, that cause collateral

> damage, and for health and safety reasons is basically not possible

to

> apply these gases at the levels required for efficient

decontamination

> to take place.

>

> From a health and environmental point of view disinfecting agents

> based on peroxides, such as hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid and

> like, is much to be preferred. Their oxidizing strength, without

being

> excessive, in principle is adequate for killing virtually all

> microbes. Unfortunately hydrogen peroxide or other peroxides are too

> unstable and hazardous to allow fumigating with their vapors.

>

> High density, fine aerosols (aerosol droplet diameter less than 50

> micron) of aqueous peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide or combinations

> thereof, suitable for disinfecting are only sufficiently stable at

> 100% R.H., and the commercial fog-disinfecting methods using

peroxides

> are only suitable for confined spaces where all materials and

> equipment are corrosion resistant or protected.

>

> SUMMARY DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

>

> The objective of said invention is to provide an antimicrobial

> composition that can be applied at ambient conditions as a high

> density, durable fine aerosol having superior disinfecting strength

> with respect to microbes and spores thereof adhered to inanimate

> surfaces as well as with respect to airborne microbes and microbial

> spores, such an aerosol being imminently suitable for emergency

> decontamination of buildings and spaces infected with hazardous

> microbes or spores thereof.

>

> As a result of extensive research, I have found that a mixture of

> hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide in propylene glycol

or

> other water compatible glycols can be converted to a high density,

> durable fine aerosol, using conventional thermofogging equipment

(see

> below), without appreciable loss of peroxide activity through

thermal

> decomposition, and that such aerosols manifest unexpected high

> disinfecting strength with respect to microorganisms including

fungal

> and bacterial spores without causing staining, corrosion or

irritating

> odors. The use of a combination of hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl

> hydroperoxide for bleaching of pulp has been described in U.S. Pat.

> No. 3,645,840. However, it is by no means obvious how the

disclosures

> of U.S. Pat. No. 3,645,840 can be applied to an aerosol process for

> disinfecting buildings. U.S. Pat. No. 5,147,884 describes

> antimicrobial composition containing tert-butyl hydroperoxide and a

> monophenylglycol ether.

>

> In the disinfecting method according to this invention the peroxide

> antimicrobial agent is converted into a fine aerosol using various

> types of " thermofoggers " , such as for example a pulsejet fogger or

an

> electrical fogger with a flash heating system. Examples of pulsejet

> thermofoggers are " Patriot " and " Black Hawk " manufactured by Curtis

> Dynafog Corporation, Ltd., Indianapolis, and an example of a

suitable

> electrical thermofogger is " Fogmax " manufactured by CITC, Lynnwood,

> Wash. Normally the high temperature in thermofoggers will destroy

any

> peroxide. However, as mentioned above, I have discovered

combinations

> of peroxides and carriers that can resist the high temperatures

> encountered in thermofoggers, making this ideal aerosol technique

> available to generate fine, high density, durable aerosols of

> peroxides. The fine aerosol produced in this manner will spread much

> like a gas, which makes it ideal for decontamination of large

> structures as well as inaccessible areas of buildings. However, in

> contrast to a gaseous agent, once an aerosol according to this

> invention has settled on a surface, it behaves like a liquid, that

is,

> the agent can be transported by capillary action deep into a porous

> material, which is impossible with ozone or chlorine dioxide. The

> peroxide disinfecting method according to this invention kills mold,

> bacteria and fungi as well as spores thereof. The same oxidation

> reaction also degrades it and neutralizes the odor compounds from

> mold, fungi and bacteria (MVOC).

>

> Another advantage of the disinfecting method according to this

> invention is that airborne microbes are disinfected with the same

> efficiency as those adhered to surfaces. Furthermore airborne

> particulate matter is removed from treated air spaces through

> agglomeration with the aerosol droplets, leaving the treated air

> virtually free from microbes and their spores.

>

> The present invention provides a safe and effective method of

> sanitizing surfaces and ambient air by removing, reducing or

retarding

> the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and molds without the use of

> substances that are toxic to humans and without leaving any

permanent

> residue.

>

> BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

>

> As the peroxide used as component (A) of said invention,

commercially

> available hydrogen peroxide aqueous solutions can be used favorably.

>

> Next, the volatile, organic peroxide used as component (, is

> commercially available t-butyl hydroperoxide.

>

> The content of the hydrogen peroxide used as component (A) in the

> biocidal composition is generally 0.5-60 wt %, preferably 0.5-30 wt

%,

> and more preferably 0.5-20 wt %. For practicality, 3-20 wt % is most

> favorable. The content of t-butyl hydroperoxide, which is component

> (, is 0.5-60 wt %, preferably 0.5-30 wt %, and more preferably

> 0.5-10 wt %. For practicality, 3-10 wt % is most favorable.

>

> If component (A) or ( is lower than said range, the disinfecting

> action is low, when component (A) or ( is greater than said range,

> the product becomes difficult to handle as a biocidal composition.

>

> The solvent carrier © of the biocidal composition in said

invention

> is important for thermal stability, for aerosol forming properties

as

> well as for obtaining high disinfecting strength. After extensive

> research I have found that mixtures of water and a low volatile,

water

> compatible glycol or glycol ether are preferable, and most

preferable

> are mixtures of propylene glycol and water where the content of

> propylene glycol in water is 10-90 wt %.

>

> The biocidal composition of the present invention is normally

> manufactured by dissolving hydrogen peroxide (A) and t-butyl

> hydroperoxide ( in a mixture of water and propylene glycol ©.

The

> content of propylene glycol © used in the biocidal composition in

> said invention is selected from a range of 5-99 wt %, preferably 50-

95

> wt %, and more preferably 60-90 wt %.

>

> In the biocidal composition of the present invention, it is

preferable

> to add a surfactant. As the surfactant, cationic surfactants such as

> aryl-alkyl or dialkyl dimethyl ammonium halides, nonionic surfactant

> such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid

> esters, amine oxides, etc., and anionic surfactants such as soaps,

> alkyl sulfates, and alkylbenzenesulfonates, etc., can be utilized.

It

> is preferable for the quantity of the surfactant added to be 0.1-10

wt

> % in the biocidal composition. By the addition of a surfactant, it

is

> possible to assist in the penetration of the biocidal composition

with

> respect to the bacterial bio-film, mold or spore coating and to

> enhance the biocidal effect.

>

> The biocidal composition of the present invention is applied as a

fine

> aerosol using thermofogging equipment described above, and it is

> possible to disinfect spores, bacterial bio-films or molds

effectively

> by contacting with said fine aerosol.

>

> By thermal fogging, the biocidal composition of this invention is

> dispersed in 10-20 micron particle sizes and the treated building is

> kept closed for a minimum of twenty-four (24) hours for treatment to

> occur.

>

> No rinsing of treated surfaces is required after or prior to

> application of the disinfecting aerosol according to this invention.

>

> Typical bacteria which can be disinfected with the composition of

this

> invention include: staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus pyogenes,

> streptococcus hemolyticus, streptococcus dysgalactiae, mycobacterium

> tuberculosis, salmonella typhosa, salmonella typhimurium, salmonella

> pullorum, hemophilus parasuis, clostridium perfringens, mycoplasma

> synoviae, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, pasteurella multocida,

klebsiella

> pneumoniae, staphylococcus epidermis, streptococcus agalactiae,

> streptococcus fecalis, listeria monocytogenis, mycobacterium

> tuberculosis, salmonella choleraesuis, salmonella enteritidis,

> pseudomonas aeruginosa, clostridium tetani, diplococcus pneumoniae,

> mycoplasma gallisepticum, escherichia coli, pasteurella hemolytica,

> alcaligenes faecalis, salmonella gallinarum, salmonella arizonae,

> salmonella schotimuelleri, staphylococcus hyicus, streptococcus

> pyogenes, haemophilus parasuis; and, bordetella bronchiseptica.

>

> Fungus types, which may be disinfected by the composition of this

> invention, include: aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus glacus,

> aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger,

fusarium

> solani; and penicillium variable.

>

> Spore types, which may be disinfected by the composition of this

> invention, include: Bacillus anthracis, B., and (bacterial spores)

and

> Stachybotrys, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma and Alternaria

> spp. (fungal spores).

>

> Viruses which are disinfected by this composition include:

> Adenoviridae (Egg Drop Syndrome), Herpetoviridae (Infectious

Bovine),

> Rhinotracheitis (Aujeszky's Disease), Feline Herpes, Iridoviridae

> (African Swine Fever), Parvoviridae, (Canine Parvovirus), Poxviridae

> Pseudo (Cowpox), Coronaviridae (Transmissible Gastro-Enteritis),

Avian

> Infectious Bronchitis, Canine Coronavirus, Orthomyxoviridae (Avian

> Influenza), Paramyxoviridae (Newcastle Disease), Distemper,

> Picornaviridae (Swine Vesicular Disease), Foot & Mouth Disease,

> Reoviridae Gumboro (IBD), Retroviridae (Maedi & Visna), AIDS.

>

> TABLE 1

> THERMOFOGGING STABILITY OF PEROXIDE

> FORMULATIONS

> 14% FORMULATION 17%

> FORMULTION

> 10% FORMULTION

> COMPONENT 1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9

> 10 11 12 13 14

> HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, wt % 14 0 7 7 11 3

17 0

> 10

> 10 10 0 6 6

> t-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE, wt % 0 14 7 7 3 11

0 17 7

> 7 0 10 4 4

> PROPYLENE GLYCOL, wt % 70 70 70 70 70 70 70

> 70 70

> 70 70 70 70 70

> DIDECYL DIMETHYL AMMONIUM Cl 0 0 0 1 0 0

0 0 0

> 1 0 0 0 1

> WATER, wt % 16 16 16 15 16 16 13

> 13 13

> 12 20 20 20 19

> % RELATIVE LOSS OF PEROXIDE 50 0 6 4 20 0

59 0 8

> 6 43 0 3 1

> BY THERMOFOGGING

R R

> R

>

>

>

> EVALUATION OF THERMOFOGGING STABILITY OF VARIOUS PEROXIDE

FORMULATIONS

>

> The stability of the peroxide disinfectants according to this

> invention were determined in the following manner:

>

> Absolute measurement of the peroxide degradition in the

thermofogging

> process is very difficult due to the uncontrolled

> evaporation/condensation processes taking place during and after

> aerosolization. For our purpose a relative measurement is

suffucient.

> Three series of measurements were carried out with varying total

> amount of peroxide (14%, 17% and 10% ) and constant amount of

> propylene glycol carrier (Table 1). The formulation Examples of

Table

> 1 were loaded into the chemical tank of a pulsejet thermofogger

> (Patriot from Curtis Dynafog Corp.) and dispensed as a fine aerosol

> (10-20 micron droplet size) into a 15 m.sup.3 cylindrical (diameter

2

> m and length 5 m) test chamber in which 3 clean, tared glass petri

> dishes (diameter 20 cm) had been placed on the bottom. An amount of

> aerosol corresponding to approximately 2 g of peroxide per m.sup.2

was

> dispensed. The aerosol was allowed to settle for 30 minutes before

the

> petri dished were taken out of the chamber. Each dish was weighed

and

> then rinsed with a total of 50 ml of destined water and the peroxide

> content in this extract was determined by titration with

thiosulfate.

> In each series the value measured for the formulation based on

> tert-butyl hydroperoxide alone was taken as the relative value of 0%

> degradation of peroxide ®. As can be seen from Table 1, t-butyl

> hydroperoxide substantially reduces the thermal decomposition of

> hydrogen peroxide in the thermofogging process. This stabilizing

> effect of t-butyl hydroperoxide on hydrogen peroxide is even more

> pronounced when an electrical fogger is used for aerosol generation.

>

> TABLE 2

> APPLICATION EXAMPLES

> EXAMPLE No.

> COMPONENT, WT% 1 2 3 4

> HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 14 0 7 7

> t-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE 0 14 7 7

> PROPYLENE GLYCOL 70 70 70 70

> DIDECYL DIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 0 0 0 1

> WATER 16 16 16 15

>

>

>

> Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy

>

> The exemplary formulations described in Table 2 above were evaluated

> for their antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

(ATCC

> 15442), Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536), Staphylococcus aureus

> (gram-positive type pathogenic bacteria) (ATCC 6538), Enterococcus

> hirae (ATCC 10541), Salmonella typhimurium (gram-negative type

> pathogenic bacteria) (ATCC 13311), Aureobasidium pullulans (black

> mold) in the following manner:

>

> Culture Method:

>

> The test organisms described above were transplanted individually to

> suitable agar culture media and incubated (at 30-35.degree. C. and

24

> hours for the bacteria cultures and 28-30.degree. C. and 20 days for

> the mold culture) to develop confluent growth, and the bacterical

> (mold) colonies forming units (cfu) was determined (no treatment

level).

>

> Treatment Method:

>

> Two Petri dishes of each culture were placed in a chamber with

> controlled temperature (25.degree. C.) and humidity (85% R.H.). The

> chamber was filled with an aerosol (average droplet size 10 micron)

of

> the exemplary formulation (Table 2) to be tested using a pulse-jet

> fogger (Curtis Dynafog model Patriot). The amount of formulation

> applied in all cases corresponded to approximately 20 g of

formulation

> per square meter culture medium. The chamber was kept closed for 24

> hours and the bacterial and mold cfu were determined.

>

> Method for Evaluation of the Biocidal Activity:

>

> The test method for evaluation of the bactericidal activity of a

> composition on clean surfaces described in European Standard, EN

> 1276:1997 issued by the European committee for standardization,

> Brussels, was adapted to this test.

>

> European Standard, EN 1276:1997, specifies a test method and

> requirements for the minimum bactericidal activity of a disinfecting

> composition. The test is passed if the bacterial colonies forming

> units (cfu) are reduced from a 10.sup.7 cfu (initial level) to a

> 10.sup.2 cfu (final level after contact with the disinfecting

> product), i.e. a 10.sup.5 reduction of the viability is necessary.

The

> results obtained for the exemplary compositions in Table 2 are shown

> in Table 3. " + " indicates at least a 5 log reduction in cfu and " - "

> indicates less than a 5 log reduction in cfu

>

> TABLE 3

> EVALUATION OF BIOCIDAL EFFICACY

> EXAMPLE

> BIOCIDAL EFFICACY

> TEST ORGANISM 1 2 3 4

> Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) + - + +

> Salmonella cholerasuis (ATCC 10708) + - + +

> Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442) - - + +

> Aureobasidium pullulans - - + +

> Aspergillus flavus - - + +

> Penicillium sp. - - + +

>

>

>

> Evaluation of Sporocidal Efficacy

>

> The exemplary formulations described in Table 2 above were evaluated

> for their sporocidal efficacy against Bacillus globigii, B.

> licheniformis and B. subtilis spores (bacterial spores) and against

> spores of Aspergillus and Penicillium spp.

>

> Contamination Simulation Method:

>

> A glass contamination chamber with a floor surface area of 0.215

> m.sup.2 was placed into a fume hood and outfitted with a HEPA-

filtered

> ventilation port to relieve excess air during the contamination

> process. An aerosol nebulizer was mounted on the interior cover at

one

> end of the chamber. Various pieces of optical scanning equipment and

> several control petri dishes were placed onto the floor of the

> chamber. Two milliliters of a 3.0.times.10.sup.9 CFU/mL spore

> preparation diluted with 3 mL of sterile ddH.sub.2 O were added to

the

> reservoir of the aerosol nebulizer. The chamber was sealed and

> compressed air was fed into the nebulizer to begin the contamination

> process, which lasted approximately 15 minutes. Once the contents of

> the reservoir were completely disseminated, a small amount of clean

> air was allowed to vent through the nebulizer and into the chamber

> overnight to remove excess moisture. The next morning, half of the

> petri dishes were removed to serve as controls for the determination

> of contamination density. Additionally, selected areas of the test

> equipment that were fully exposed to the

> Bacillus/Aspergillus/Penicillium dissemination were swabbed to

collect

> and measure viable spores. The equipment and the remaining petri

> dishes were then transferred into the large (8 m.sup.3) chamber and

> placed onto a table in the same orientation as used in the

> contamination chamber.

>

> Decontamination Method:

>

> Immediately following transfer of the test samples, the chamber was

> filled with an aerosol (average droplet size 15 micron) of the

> exemplary formulation (Table 2) to be tested using a pulse-jet

fogger

> (Curtis Dynafog model Patriot). The amount of formulation applied in

> all cases corresponded to approximately 20 g of formulation per

square

> meter of test surface. The chamber was kept closed for 24 hours

> whereafter the remaining control petri dishes were removed and the

> surfaces of the test equipment were swabbed. All samples were

prepared

> and cultured to determine the number of surviving spores.

>

> Analysis/Method for Evaluation of the Sporocidal Activity:Spores

were

> extracted from the control samples by adding 5 mL of sterile

ddH.sub.2

> O to each plate and thoroughly swabbing the plate with a cotton swab

> to release the adsorbed spores. Serial dilutions were performed on

> each extract from the control plates to achieve 1:1000, 1:10,000 and

> 1:100,000 dilutions respectively. A 100 mL aliquot of each control

> plate dilution (10.sup.-3, 10.sup.-4, and 10.sup.-5) was plated in

> triplicate on tryptic soy agar. For the test equipment samples, each

> swab was wetted in 100 mL of ddH.sub.2 O and used to swab the

selected

> surface(s). The swab tips were clipped into centrifuge tubes where

an

> additional 1.0 mL of ddH.sub.2 O was added. These extracts were

> serially diluted to yield 10.sup.-2, 10.sup.-3, and 10.sup.-4

> dilutions respectively. A 100 mL aliquot of each dilution level was

> plated in triplicate and incubated overnight at 37.degree. C.

>

> The control petri dishes were extracted and plated in triplicate to

> generate data using the standard test procedure.

>

> The test is passed if the bacterial colonies forming units (cfu) are

> reduced from a 10.sup.6 cfu/cm.sup.2 (initial level) to a 10.sup.1

> cfu/cm.sup.2 (final level after contact with the disinfecting

> product), i.e. a 10.sup.5 reduction of the viability is necessary.

The

> results obtained for the exemplary compositions in Table 2 are shown

> in Table 4. " + " indicates at least a 5 log reduction in viable spore

> cfu and " - " indicates less than a 5 log reduction in cfu

>

> TABLE 4

> EVALUATION OF SPOROCIDAL EFFICACY

> EXAMPLE/BIOCIDAL EFFICACY

> TEST ORGANISM 1 2 3 4

> Bacillus globigii spores - - + +

> Bacillus licheniformis spores - - + +

> Bacillus subtilis spores - - + +

> Aspergilius spp. spores - - + +

> Penicillium spp. spores - - + +

>

>

>

> Evaluation of Odor Removal Efficacy

>

> Odor Testing Method

>

> 10 panelists smelled the odor of the various culture dishes

described

> above before and after the treatment with the compositions of Table

2.

>

> The odor was evaluated as follows:

>

> +: Most or all panelists do not sense an irritating or bad odor.

>

> 0: About half of the panelists sense an irritating or bad odor.

>

> -: Most or all panelists sense an irritating or bad odor.

>

> TABLE 5

> EVALUATION OF ODOR REMOVAL EFFICACY.

> EXAMPLE/ODOR

> REMOVAL EFFICACY

> TEST ORGANISM 1 2 3 4

> Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) + + + +

> Salmonella cholerasuis (ATCC 10708) + 0 + +

> Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442) + + + +

> Aureobasidium pullulans 0 - + +

> Aspergilius flavus 0 0 + +

> Penicillium sp. 0 0 + +

>

>

>

> Evaluation of Mycotoxin Denaturing Efficacy

>

> This evaluation was carried out using pieces of gypsum board from a

> water damaged home infested with Stachybotrys chartarum. This

species

> of mold produces macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins such as

> Verrucarin, Roridin and Satratoxin. Some symptoms germane to

exposure

> to this mold include: cold/flu symptoms, nose bleeds, burning

> sensation, coughing or difficulty breathing, sore throat, diarrhea,

> headaches, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, and rash at the point of

> contact--especially in areas of heavy perspiration. These mycotoxins

> can also affect the appetite center of the brain, often reducing the

> appetite of exposed individuals. The presence of trichothecene

> mycotoxins was established using a so called Enzyme Linked

> Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA, based on a coupling reaction between a

> specific mycotoxin and antibodies specific for those mycotoxin). No

> attempts were made to make a quantitative determination. A positive

> assay indicates a mycotoxin level above 100 parts per billion (0.1

ppm).

>

> Two pieces (100 cm2 each) of mold infested gypsum board was treated

> each of the exemplary compositions of Table 2 in the manner

described

> under " Treatment Method " above. The results are shown in Table

6. " + "

> indicates no detection of mycotoxins, and " - " that presence of

> mycotoxins was detected.

>

> TABLE 6

> EVALUATION OF MYCOTOXIN DENATURING EFFICACY

> EXAMPLE/MYCOTOXIN

> DENATURING EFFICACY

> TEST ORGANISM 1 2 3 4

> Stachybotrys chartarum - - + +

>

>

>

> Tests have been carried out to establish the virucidal activity of

two

> of the above composition (3 and 4 in Table 2) in accordance with the

> standard test procedures. These tests have shown the effectiveness

of

> the composition against the following broad spectrum of viruses and

> viral infections when applied as described under " Treatment Method "

> above, which gave a 4 log reduction in virus titre:

>

> Adenoviridae (Egg Drop Syndrome), Herpetoviridae (Infectious

Bovine),

> Rhinotracheitis (Aujeszky's Disease), Feline Herpes, Iridoviridae

> (African Swine Fever), Parvoviridae, (Canine Parvovirus), Poxviridae

> Pseudo (Cowpox), Coronaviridae (Transmissible Gastro-Enteritis),

Avian

> Infectious Bronchitis, Canine Coronavirus, Orthomyxoviridae (Avian

> Influenza), Paramyxoviridae (Newcastle Disease), Distemper,

> Picornaviridae (Swine Vesicular Disease), Foot & Mouth Disease,

> Reoviridae Gumboro (IBD), Retroviridae (Maedi & Visna), AIDS.

>

> From the foregoing, it is to be understood that the compositions

> according to the invention provide excellent and surprising

> disinfecting and deodorant benefits to hard surfaces. Such

> compositions in accordance with the present inventive teaching are

> particularly advantageously used against known pathogenic/nuisance

> microorganisms commonly found in indoor environments.

>

> While the invention is susceptible of various modifications and

> alternative forms, it is to be understood that specific embodiments

> thereof have been shown by way of examples which however are not

> intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed;

on

> the contrary the intention is to cover all modifications,

equivalents

> and alternatives falling within the scope and spirit of the

invention

> as expressed in the appended claims.

>