Re: Transfer Factor: antipathogenic and antiinflammatory effects

[Guest guest]

These are all specially prepared bovine transfer factor preparations

aren't they? that is they have been modified to respond/deal with the

specific virus -- herpes etc. The general BTF (not specially prepared)

used in one experiment was ineffective. That suggests that the BTF

generally on sale would also be ineffective? Unless by chance the cow

had had the same virus as the purchaser was trying to treat

Sally

natasa778 wrote:

>

> Presse Med. 1984 Mar 3;13(9):537-40.

>

> [Treatment of herpes infections with transfer factor]

>

> [Article in French] Rosenfeld F, Viza D, J, Vich JM,

> Binet O, Aron-Brunetire R.

>

> Twelve patients suffering from recurrent herpetic infections

> resistant to several current therapies were treated for a 3 to 10 months

> period with a bovine transfer factor specific to Herpes simplex virus of

> type 1 and 2. The results obtained showed that this treatment was

> capable of dramatically reducing the intensity, duration and frequency

> of the relapses. This preliminary clinical trial suggests that specific

> transfer factor administered orally could be an effective treatment of

> herpes infections.

>

> Publication Types: * Clinical Trial * English Abstract

> * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> PMID: 6230646 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

>

> Lancet. 1981 Jul 18;2(8238):122-4.

>

> Treatment of childhood combined Epstein-Barr virus/cytomegalovirus

> infection with oral bovine transfer factor.

>

> JF, Minnich LL, Jeter WS, Pritchett RF, Fulginiti VA, Wedgwood

> RJ.

>

> An illness lasting for two years, with recurrent fever, rash,

> abdominal pain, and arthralgia, developed in a four year old boy. He was

> found to have a combined Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus (CMV)

> infection. His symptoms, CMV in his urine, and an absent in vitro

> lymphocyte response to CMV antigen persisted for two years. After

> treatment with orally administered bovine transfer factor clinical

> symptoms and viruria disappeared and specific immunity to CMV developed.

> Evaluation of this treatment in chronic virus infections is warranted.

>

> Publication Types: * Case Reports * Research Support,

> Non-U.S. Gov't * Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

>

> PMID: 6113484 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

>

> Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2006;28(3):471-83.

>

> In vitro antibacterial activity of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract.

>

> Armides Franco-Molina M, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Castillo-Tello P,

> Tamez-Guerra RS, Villarreal-Trevi–o L, Tijerina-Menchaca R,

> Castillo-Le—n L, Zapata-Benavides P, Rodr'guez-Padilla C.

> Departamento de Microbiolog'a e Inmunolog'a, Laboratorio de

> Inmunolog'a y Virolog'a, Facultad de Ciencias Biol—gicas,

> Universidad Aut—noma de Nuevo Le—n, Nuevo Le—n, MŽxico.

>

> The rapidly developing resistance of many infectious pathogenic

> organisms to modern drugs has spurred scientists to search for new

> sources of antibacterial compounds. One potential candidate, bDLE

> (dialysis at 10 to 12 kDa cut-off) and its fractions ( " S " and " L " by 3.5

> kDa cut-off and I, II, III, and IV by molecular exclusion

> chromatography), was evaluated for antibacterial activity against

> pathogenic bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus

> pyogenes, Lysteria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas

> aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi) using standard antimicrobial assays. A

> minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bDLE and its fractions was

> determined by agar and broth dilutions methods. Only bDLE and its " S "

> fraction had an effect upon all bacteria evaluated (MIC ranging from

> 0.29 to 0.62 U/ml), and the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects

> (evaluated by MTT assay) were bacterial species-dependent. These results

> showed a remarkable in vitro antibacterial property of bDLE against

> several pathogenic bacteria.

>

> Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> PMID: 16997795 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

>

> 3: Int Immunopharmacol. 2004 Dec 15;4(13):1577-86.

>

> Bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract protects against LPS-induced, murine

> endotoxic shock.

>

> Franco-Molina MA, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Castillo-Le—n L,

> Tamez-Guerra RS, Rodr'guez-Padilla C. Laboratorio de

> Inmunolog'a y Virolog'a, Departamento de Microbiolog'a e

> Inmunolog'a, Facultad de Ciencias Biol—gicas, Universidad

> Aut—noma de Nuevo Le—n, Apartado Postal 46 F, San Nicol‡s de

> los Garza, N.L., MŽxico.

>

> The pathophysiology of endotoxic shock is characterized by the

> activation of multiple pro-inflammatory genes and their products which

> initiate the inflammatory process. Endotoxic shock is a serious

> condition with high mortality. Bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract

> (bDLE) is a dialyzate of a heterogeneous mixture of low molecular weight

> substances released from disintegrated leukocytes of the blood or

> lymphoid tissue obtained from homogenized bovine spleen. bDLE is

> clinically effective for a broad spectrum of diseases. To determine

> whether bDLE improves survival and modulates the expression of

> pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in LPS-induced, murine endotoxic shock,

> Balb/C mice were treated with bDLE (1 U) after pretreatment with LPS (17

> mg/kg). The bDLE improved survival (90%), suppressed IL-10 and IL-6, and

> decreased IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-12p40 mRNA expression; and

> decreased the production of IL-10 (P<0.01), TNF-alpha (P<0.01), and IL-6

> (P<0.01) in LPS-induced, murine endotoxic shock. Our results demonstrate

> that bDLE leads to improved survival in LPS-induced endotoxic shock in

> mice, modulating the pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression,

> suggesting that bDLE is an effective therapeutic agent for inflammatory

> illnesses associated with an unbalanced expression of pro-inflammatory

> cytokine genes such as in endotoxic shock, rheumatic arthritis and other

> diseases.

>

> Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> PMID: 15454111 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

>

> Cytotherapy. 2007;9(4):379-85.

>

> Bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract modulates cytokines and nitric oxide

> production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human blood cells.

>

> Franco-Molina MA, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Castillo-Tello P, Isaza-Brando

> CE, Garc'a ME, Castillo-Le—n L, Tamez-Guerra RS,

> Rodr'guez-Padilla C. Departamento de Inmunolog'a y

> Virolog'a, Universidad Aut—noma de Nuevo Le—n, San

> Nicol‡s de los Garza, Nuevo Le—n, MŽxico.

>

> BACKGROUND: In the current study, we determined whether bovine

> dialyzable leukocyte extract (bDLE) modulates lipopolysaccharide

> (LPS)-induced nitric oxide and cytokine overproduction. METHODS: Human

> whole blood cells were treated with LPS (50 ng) + bDLE (1 U). RESULTS:

> The bDLE treatment decreased nitric oxide as well as TNF-alpha, IL-6 and

> IL-10 (P <0.01) cytokine production. In addition, it decreased

> TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA expression and suppressed IL-10 and

> IL-12p40 mRNA expression, but did not modulate IL-8 mRNA expression in

> LPS-stimulated human blood cells. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that

> bDLE may effectively modulate the fatal symptoms of hypotensive shock

> associated with endotoxin (LPS)-induced nitric oxide and cytokine

> production, and this may offer therapeutic potential for the treatment

> of endotoxic shock.

>

> Publication Types: * Research Support, Non.S. Gov't

> PMID: 17573613 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

>

> Biotherapy. 1996;9(1-3):67-72.

>

> Orally administered HSV-specific transfer factor (TF) prevents

> genital or labial herpes relapses.

>

> Pizza G, Viza D, De Vinci C, Palareti A, Cuzzocrea D, Fornarola V,

> Baricordi R. Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy Unit, 1st-Division of

> Urology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.

>

> Forty-four patients suffering from genital (22) and labial (22)

> herpes were orally treated with HSV-1/2-specific transfer factor (TF).

> TF was obtained by in vitro replication of a HSV-1/2-specific bovine

> dialysable lymphocyte extract. Treatment was administered bi-weekly the

> first 2 weeks, and then weekly for 6 months, most patients received 2-3

> courses. The total observation period for all patients before treatment

> was 26,660 days, with 544 relapses, and a relapse index of 61.2, whereas

> the cumulative observation period during and after treatment was 16,945

> days, with a total of 121 relapsing episodes and a cumulative RI of 21.4

> (P < 0.0001). Results were equally significant when the 2 groups of

> patients (labial and genital) were considered separately. These

> observations confirm previous results obtained with bovine HSV-specific

> TF, and warrant further studies to establish HSV-specific TF as a choice

> of treatment for preventing herpes recurrences.

>

> Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> PMID: 8993760 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

>

> 5: Biotherapy. 1996;9(1-3):61-6.

>

> Efficacy of transfer factor in treating patients with recurrent

> ocular herpes infections.

>

> Meduri R, Campos E, Scorolli L, De Vinci C, Pizza G, Viza D. Eye

> Physiopathology Clinical Service, University of Bologna, Italy.

>

> Recurrent ocular herpes is an insoluble problem for the clinician.

> As cellular immunity plays an important role in controlling herpes

> relapses, and other studies have shown the efficacy of HSV-specific

> transfer factor (TF) for the treatment of herpes patients, an open

> clinical trial was undertaken in 134 patients (71 keratitis, 29

> kerato-uveitis, 34 uveitis) suffering from recurrent ocular herpetic

> infections. The mean duration of the treatment was 358 days, and the

> entire follow-up period 189,121 before, and 64,062 days after TF

> treatment. The cell-mediated immune response to the viral antigens,

> evaluated by the lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) and the leucocyte

> migration test (LMT) (P < 0.001), was significantly increased by the TF

> treatment. The total number of relapses was decreased significantly

> during/after TF treatment, dropping from 832 before, to 89 after

> treatment, whereas the cumulative relapse index (RI) dropped, during the

> same period, from 13.2 to 4.17 (P < 0.0001). No side effects were

> observed. It is concluded that patients with relapsing ocular herpes can

> benefit from treatment with HSV-specific TF.

>

> Publication Types: * Clinical Trial

> PMID: 8993759 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

>

> 6: J Infect Dis. 1990 Jan;161(1):108-12.

>

> A controlled trial of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract for

> cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.

>

> McMeeking A, Borkowsky W, Klesius PH, Bonk S, Holzman RS, Lawrence

> HS. Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, NY

> 10016.

>

> Cryptosporidial infection causes severe diarrheal disease in

> patients with AIDS. Fourteen patients with AIDS and symptomatic

> cryptosporidiosis were treated with a specific bovine dialyzable

> leukocyte extract (immune DLE) prepared from lymph node lymphocytes of

> calves immunized with cryptosporidia or a nonspecific (nonimmune) DLE

> prepared from nonimmunized calves. Six of 7 patients given immune DLE

> gained weight and had a decrease in bowel movement frequency, with

> eradication of oocysts from stool in 5 patients. Six of 7 patients given

> nonimmune DLE showed no decrease in bowel movement and 4, no clearing of

> oocytes from stool; 5 continued to lose weight. Subsequently, 5 of these

> 7 were treated with immune DLE; 4 had a decrease in bowel movement

> frequency and significant weight gain, with eradication of oocytes from

> stool in 2 patients. Immune DLE produces sustained symptomatic

> improvement in patients with AIDS and active cryptosporidiosis, but lack

> of an appropriate cryptosporidial antigen allows only postulation that

> an augmentation of cellular immunity to Cryptosporidium parvum induced

> by immune DLE resulted in the microbiologic and clinical improvement

> observed.

>

> Publication Types: * Clinical Trial * Controlled

> Clinical Trial * Randomized Controlled Trial * Research

> Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

> PMID: 2404072 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

>

> 7: Acta Virol. 1988 Jan;32(1):6-18.

>

> De novo initiation of specific cell-mediated immune responsiveness

> in chickens by transfer factor (specific immunity inducer) obtained from

> bovine colostrum and milk.

>

> GB, Poindexter C, Fort JD, Ludden KD. Amtron, Inc.,

> ton, South Carolina.

>

> Transfer factors (TF) were prepared from colostrum and milk of

> bovines previously immunized with antigens obtained from Coccidioides

> immitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, or from the viral

> agents responsible for avian Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis

> disease or infectious bursal disease. The ability of bovine TF to

> transfer specific cell-mediated immune responsiveness to a markedly

> xenogenic species was studied using specific pathogen free (SPF) and

> standard commercial (SC) chickens as model recipients. Cell-mediated

> immune responsiveness was documented using one or more of the following

> for each antigen (organism) studied: (a) an in vitro chicken leukocyte

> (heterophil) migration inhibition assay; ( delayed-wattle reactivity;

> or © protection from clinical disease. Chicken TFs obtained from

> spleens of immune donors were evaluated in parallel to bovine TF's in

> selected comparative studies. Bovine TF also referred to as specific

> immunity inducer (SII), and chicken TF were found to initiate

> antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity de novo in previously non-immune

> SPF chickens as well as in SC chickens despite the presence of

> maternally acquired humoral antibody which may serve as a " barrier " to

> immunization of SC chickens when commercially available vaccines are

> administered by parenteral routes. Bovine TF's specific for

> laryngotracheitis virus or infectious bursal disease virus afforded

> protection equal to that found for commercially available vaccines.

> Bovine TF's action was rapid (less than a day) and of relatively long

> duration at least 35 days.

>

> PMID: 2897772 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

>

> 8: Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1987 Sep;44(3):329-34.

>

> Treatment of cryptosporidiosis with oral bovine transfer factor.

>

> Louie E, Borkowsky W, Klesius PH, Haynes TB, Gordon S, Bonk S,

> Lawrence HS.

>

> Cryptosporidia are intestinal protozoans long known to cause

> diarrhea in humans, especially those with acquired immune deficiency

> syndrome (AIDS). When transfer factor prepared from calves which

> possessed delayed-type hypersensitivity to Eimeria bovis was given to

> nonimmune calves and mice it conferred protection against clinical

> infection (coccidiosis). Recent studies with oral bovine transfer factor

> have shown that it can confer cell-mediated immunity to humans. Based on

> these findings we decided to treat eight AIDS patients suffering from

> Cryptosporidium-associated diarrhea with transfer factor prepared from

> calves immune to Cryptosporidium. Prior to treatment with transfer

> factor, three patients had been treated with spiramycin, one patient

> with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), and one patient with

> furazolidone for greater than 1 month without clinical or laboratory

> improvement. Following administration of transfer factor, five or eight

> patients exhibited a decrease in the number of bowel movements and the

> development of formed stools. Cryptosporidium was eradicated from the

> stools of four patients but two of these patients subsequently relapsed

> and one patient continued to have diarrhea despite the absence of

> Cryptosporidium in the stool. One patient has been free of diarrhea and

> Cryptosporidium for 2 years after discontinuation of transfer factor

> therapy.

>

> PMID: 3621678 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

>

> 9: Cell Immunol. 1986 Jul;100(2):555-62.

>

> Specific transfer factor protects mice against lethal challenge with

> herpes simplex virus.

>

> Viza D, Vich JM, J, Rosenfeld F, Davies DA.

>

> Bovine transfer factor (TFd) specific to herpes simplex virus (HSV)1

> or to HSV2 was prepared by immunizing calves with the corresponding

> virus. The TFd preparations were then injected into Swiss mice in an

> attempt to protect them against a subsequent lethal challenge with HSV1

> or HSV2 virus. It was thus shown that injection of anti-HSV TFd protects

> the mice against the corresponding HSV virus, whereas the injection of a

> nonspecific TFd (anti-CMV) fails to protect against a challenge with

> HSV1. Furthermore, a dose-response effect was observed, since potent TFd

> preparations were ineffective when they were used at one-fifth of the

> original concentration. It seems, therefore, that animal models may be

> used to assay the potency of TFd preparations specific for herpes

> viruses.

>

> Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> PMID: 3019568 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

>

>

> ------------------------------------------------------------------------

>

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> Checked by AVG Free Edition.

> Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: 269.17.13/1213 - Release Date: 07/01/2008

09:14

>

[Guest guest]

No, I don't think all of these studies used pathogen-specific BTF.

The CMV child case study does not mention any specific preparation,

neither do LPS-challenge in vitro studies...

btw we saw very good results with 'general' BTF.

(pathogen-specific ones are also available at the time but for us far

too expensive. also tests too expensive so chose to try the broad

spectrum one)

The human tf used in autism study was not specific either...

nx

> >

> > Presse Med. 1984 Mar 3;13(9):537-40.

> >

> > [Treatment of herpes infections with transfer factor]

> >

> > [Article in French] Rosenfeld F, Viza D, J, Vich JM,

> > Binet O, Aron-Brunetire R.

> >

> > Twelve patients suffering from recurrent herpetic infections

> > resistant to several current therapies were treated for a 3 to 10

months

> > period with a bovine transfer factor specific to Herpes simplex

virus of

> > type 1 and 2. The results obtained showed that this treatment was

> > capable of dramatically reducing the intensity, duration and

frequency

> > of the relapses. This preliminary clinical trial suggests that

specific

> > transfer factor administered orally could be an effective treatment

of

> > herpes infections.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Clinical Trial * English Abstract

> > * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> > PMID: 6230646 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> > Lancet. 1981 Jul 18;2(8238):122-4.

> >

> > Treatment of childhood combined Epstein-Barr virus/cytomegalovirus

> > infection with oral bovine transfer factor.

> >

> > JF, Minnich LL, Jeter WS, Pritchett RF, Fulginiti VA, Wedgwood

> > RJ.

> >

> > An illness lasting for two years, with recurrent fever, rash,

> > abdominal pain, and arthralgia, developed in a four year old boy. He

was

> > found to have a combined Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus

(CMV)

> > infection. His symptoms, CMV in his urine, and an absent in vitro

> > lymphocyte response to CMV antigen persisted for two years. After

> > treatment with orally administered bovine transfer factor clinical

> > symptoms and viruria disappeared and specific immunity to CMV

developed.

> > Evaluation of this treatment in chronic virus infections is

warranted.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Case Reports * Research Support,

> > Non-U.S. Gov't * Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

> >

> > PMID: 6113484 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> > Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2006;28(3):471-83.

> >

> > In vitro antibacterial activity of bovine dialyzable leukocyte

extract.

> >

> > Armides Franco-Molina M, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Castillo-Tello P,

> > Tamez-Guerra RS, Villarreal-Trevi–o L, Tijerina-Menchaca R,

> > Castillo-Le—n L, Zapata-Benavides P, Rodr'guez-Padilla C.

> > Departamento de Microbiolog'a e Inmunolog'a, Laboratorio de

> > Inmunolog'a y Virolog'a, Facultad de Ciencias Biol—gicas,

> > Universidad Aut—noma de Nuevo Le—n, Nuevo Le—n,

MŽxico.

> >

> > The rapidly developing resistance of many infectious pathogenic

> > organisms to modern drugs has spurred scientists to search for new

> > sources of antibacterial compounds. One potential candidate, bDLE

> > (dialysis at 10 to 12 kDa cut-off) and its fractions ( " S " and " L " by

3.5

> > kDa cut-off and I, II, III, and IV by molecular exclusion

> > chromatography), was evaluated for antibacterial activity against

> > pathogenic bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus

> > pyogenes, Lysteria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas

> > aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi) using standard antimicrobial

assays. A

> > minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bDLE and its fractions was

> > determined by agar and broth dilutions methods. Only bDLE and its

" S "

> > fraction had an effect upon all bacteria evaluated (MIC ranging from

> > 0.29 to 0.62 U/ml), and the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects

> > (evaluated by MTT assay) were bacterial species-dependent. These

results

> > showed a remarkable in vitro antibacterial property of bDLE against

> > several pathogenic bacteria.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> > PMID: 16997795 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> > 3: Int Immunopharmacol. 2004 Dec 15;4(13):1577-86.

> >

> > Bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract protects against LPS-induced,

murine

> > endotoxic shock.

> >

> > Franco-Molina MA, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Castillo-Le—n L,

> > Tamez-Guerra RS, Rodr'guez-Padilla C. Laboratorio de

> > Inmunolog'a y Virolog'a, Departamento de Microbiolog'a e

> > Inmunolog'a, Facultad de Ciencias Biol—gicas, Universidad

> > Aut—noma de Nuevo Le—n, Apartado Postal 46 F, San

Nicol‡s de

> > los Garza, N.L., MŽxico.

> >

> > The pathophysiology of endotoxic shock is characterized by the

> > activation of multiple pro-inflammatory genes and their products

which

> > initiate the inflammatory process. Endotoxic shock is a serious

> > condition with high mortality. Bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract

> > (bDLE) is a dialyzate of a heterogeneous mixture of low molecular

weight

> > substances released from disintegrated leukocytes of the blood or

> > lymphoid tissue obtained from homogenized bovine spleen. bDLE is

> > clinically effective for a broad spectrum of diseases. To determine

> > whether bDLE improves survival and modulates the expression of

> > pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in LPS-induced, murine endotoxic

shock,

> > Balb/C mice were treated with bDLE (1 U) after pretreatment with LPS

(17

> > mg/kg). The bDLE improved survival (90%), suppressed IL-10 and IL-6,

and

> > decreased IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-12p40 mRNA expression; and

> > decreased the production of IL-10 (P<0.01), TNF-alpha (P<0.01), and

IL-6

> > (P<0.01) in LPS-induced, murine endotoxic shock. Our results

demonstrate

> > that bDLE leads to improved survival in LPS-induced endotoxic shock

in

> > mice, modulating the pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression,

> > suggesting that bDLE is an effective therapeutic agent for

inflammatory

> > illnesses associated with an unbalanced expression of

pro-inflammatory

> > cytokine genes such as in endotoxic shock, rheumatic arthritis and

other

> > diseases.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> > PMID: 15454111 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> > Cytotherapy. 2007;9(4):379-85.

> >

> > Bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract modulates cytokines and nitric

oxide

> > production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human blood cells.

> >

> > Franco-Molina MA, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Castillo-Tello P, Isaza-Brando

> > CE, Garc'a ME, Castillo-Le—n L, Tamez-Guerra RS,

> > Rodr'guez-Padilla C. Departamento de Inmunolog'a y

> > Virolog'a, Universidad Aut—noma de Nuevo Le—n, San

> > Nicol‡s de los Garza, Nuevo Le—n, MŽxico.

> >

> > BACKGROUND: In the current study, we determined whether bovine

> > dialyzable leukocyte extract (bDLE) modulates lipopolysaccharide

> > (LPS)-induced nitric oxide and cytokine overproduction. METHODS:

Human

> > whole blood cells were treated with LPS (50 ng) + bDLE (1 U).

RESULTS:

> > The bDLE treatment decreased nitric oxide as well as TNF-alpha, IL-6

and

> > IL-10 (P <0.01) cytokine production. In addition, it decreased

> > TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA expression and suppressed IL-10

and

> > IL-12p40 mRNA expression, but did not modulate IL-8 mRNA expression

in

> > LPS-stimulated human blood cells. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest

that

> > bDLE may effectively modulate the fatal symptoms of hypotensive

shock

> > associated with endotoxin (LPS)-induced nitric oxide and cytokine

> > production, and this may offer therapeutic potential for the

treatment

> > of endotoxic shock.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Research Support, Non.S. Gov't

> > PMID: 17573613 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> > Biotherapy. 1996;9(1-3):67-72.

> >

> > Orally administered HSV-specific transfer factor (TF) prevents

> > genital or labial herpes relapses.

> >

> > Pizza G, Viza D, De Vinci C, Palareti A, Cuzzocrea D, Fornarola V,

> > Baricordi R. Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy Unit, 1st-Division of

> > Urology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.

> >

> > Forty-four patients suffering from genital (22) and labial (22)

> > herpes were orally treated with HSV-1/2-specific transfer factor

(TF).

> > TF was obtained by in vitro replication of a HSV-1/2-specific bovine

> > dialysable lymphocyte extract. Treatment was administered bi-weekly

the

> > first 2 weeks, and then weekly for 6 months, most patients received

2-3

> > courses. The total observation period for all patients before

treatment

> > was 26,660 days, with 544 relapses, and a relapse index of 61.2,

whereas

> > the cumulative observation period during and after treatment was

16,945

> > days, with a total of 121 relapsing episodes and a cumulative RI of

21.4

> > (P < 0.0001). Results were equally significant when the 2 groups of

> > patients (labial and genital) were considered separately. These

> > observations confirm previous results obtained with bovine

HSV-specific

> > TF, and warrant further studies to establish HSV-specific TF as a

choice

> > of treatment for preventing herpes recurrences.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> > PMID: 8993760 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> > 5: Biotherapy. 1996;9(1-3):61-6.

> >

> > Efficacy of transfer factor in treating patients with recurrent

> > ocular herpes infections.

> >

> > Meduri R, Campos E, Scorolli L, De Vinci C, Pizza G, Viza D. Eye

> > Physiopathology Clinical Service, University of Bologna, Italy.

> >

> > Recurrent ocular herpes is an insoluble problem for the clinician.

> > As cellular immunity plays an important role in controlling herpes

> > relapses, and other studies have shown the efficacy of HSV-specific

> > transfer factor (TF) for the treatment of herpes patients, an open

> > clinical trial was undertaken in 134 patients (71 keratitis, 29

> > kerato-uveitis, 34 uveitis) suffering from recurrent ocular herpetic

> > infections. The mean duration of the treatment was 358 days, and the

> > entire follow-up period 189,121 before, and 64,062 days after TF

> > treatment. The cell-mediated immune response to the viral antigens,

> > evaluated by the lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) and the leucocyte

> > migration test (LMT) (P < 0.001), was significantly increased by the

TF

> > treatment. The total number of relapses was decreased significantly

> > during/after TF treatment, dropping from 832 before, to 89 after

> > treatment, whereas the cumulative relapse index (RI) dropped, during

the

> > same period, from 13.2 to 4.17 (P < 0.0001). No side effects were

> > observed. It is concluded that patients with relapsing ocular herpes

can

> > benefit from treatment with HSV-specific TF.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Clinical Trial

> > PMID: 8993759 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> > 6: J Infect Dis. 1990 Jan;161(1):108-12.

> >

> > A controlled trial of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract for

> > cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.

> >

> > McMeeking A, Borkowsky W, Klesius PH, Bonk S, Holzman RS, Lawrence

> > HS. Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, NY

> > 10016.

> >

> > Cryptosporidial infection causes severe diarrheal disease in

> > patients with AIDS. Fourteen patients with AIDS and symptomatic

> > cryptosporidiosis were treated with a specific bovine dialyzable

> > leukocyte extract (immune DLE) prepared from lymph node lymphocytes

of

> > calves immunized with cryptosporidia or a nonspecific (nonimmune)

DLE

> > prepared from nonimmunized calves. Six of 7 patients given immune

DLE

> > gained weight and had a decrease in bowel movement frequency, with

> > eradication of oocysts from stool in 5 patients. Six of 7 patients

given

> > nonimmune DLE showed no decrease in bowel movement and 4, no

clearing of

> > oocytes from stool; 5 continued to lose weight. Subsequently, 5 of

these

> > 7 were treated with immune DLE; 4 had a decrease in bowel movement

> > frequency and significant weight gain, with eradication of oocytes

from

> > stool in 2 patients. Immune DLE produces sustained symptomatic

> > improvement in patients with AIDS and active cryptosporidiosis, but

lack

> > of an appropriate cryptosporidial antigen allows only postulation

that

> > an augmentation of cellular immunity to Cryptosporidium parvum

induced

> > by immune DLE resulted in the microbiologic and clinical improvement

> > observed.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Clinical Trial * Controlled

> > Clinical Trial * Randomized Controlled Trial * Research

> > Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

> > PMID: 2404072 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> > 7: Acta Virol. 1988 Jan;32(1):6-18.

> >

> > De novo initiation of specific cell-mediated immune responsiveness

> > in chickens by transfer factor (specific immunity inducer) obtained

from

> > bovine colostrum and milk.

> >

> > GB, Poindexter C, Fort JD, Ludden KD. Amtron, Inc.,

> > ton, South Carolina.

> >

> > Transfer factors (TF) were prepared from colostrum and milk of

> > bovines previously immunized with antigens obtained from

Coccidioides

> > immitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, or from the viral

> > agents responsible for avian Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis

> > disease or infectious bursal disease. The ability of bovine TF to

> > transfer specific cell-mediated immune responsiveness to a markedly

> > xenogenic species was studied using specific pathogen free (SPF) and

> > standard commercial (SC) chickens as model recipients. Cell-mediated

> > immune responsiveness was documented using one or more of the

following

> > for each antigen (organism) studied: (a) an in vitro chicken

leukocyte

> > (heterophil) migration inhibition assay; ( delayed-wattle

reactivity;

> > or © protection from clinical disease. Chicken TFs obtained from

> > spleens of immune donors were evaluated in parallel to bovine TF's

in

> > selected comparative studies. Bovine TF also referred to as specific

> > immunity inducer (SII), and chicken TF were found to initiate

> > antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity de novo in previously

non-immune

> > SPF chickens as well as in SC chickens despite the presence of

> > maternally acquired humoral antibody which may serve as a " barrier "

to

> > immunization of SC chickens when commercially available vaccines are

> > administered by parenteral routes. Bovine TF's specific for

> > laryngotracheitis virus or infectious bursal disease virus afforded

> > protection equal to that found for commercially available vaccines.

> > Bovine TF's action was rapid (less than a day) and of relatively

long

> > duration at least 35 days.

> >

> > PMID: 2897772 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> > 8: Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1987 Sep;44(3):329-34.

> >

> > Treatment of cryptosporidiosis with oral bovine transfer factor.

> >

> > Louie E, Borkowsky W, Klesius PH, Haynes TB, Gordon S, Bonk S,

> > Lawrence HS.

> >

> > Cryptosporidia are intestinal protozoans long known to cause

> > diarrhea in humans, especially those with acquired immune deficiency

> > syndrome (AIDS). When transfer factor prepared from calves which

> > possessed delayed-type hypersensitivity to Eimeria bovis was given

to

> > nonimmune calves and mice it conferred protection against clinical

> > infection (coccidiosis). Recent studies with oral bovine transfer

factor

> > have shown that it can confer cell-mediated immunity to humans.

Based on

> > these findings we decided to treat eight AIDS patients suffering

from

> > Cryptosporidium-associated diarrhea with transfer factor prepared

from

> > calves immune to Cryptosporidium. Prior to treatment with transfer

> > factor, three patients had been treated with spiramycin, one patient

> > with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), and one patient with

> > furazolidone for greater than 1 month without clinical or laboratory

> > improvement. Following administration of transfer factor, five or

eight

> > patients exhibited a decrease in the number of bowel movements and

the

> > development of formed stools. Cryptosporidium was eradicated from

the

> > stools of four patients but two of these patients subsequently

relapsed

> > and one patient continued to have diarrhea despite the absence of

> > Cryptosporidium in the stool. One patient has been free of diarrhea

and

> > Cryptosporidium for 2 years after discontinuation of transfer factor

> > therapy.

> >

> > PMID: 3621678 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> > 9: Cell Immunol. 1986 Jul;100(2):555-62.

> >

> > Specific transfer factor protects mice against lethal challenge with

> > herpes simplex virus.

> >

> > Viza D, Vich JM, J, Rosenfeld F, Davies DA.

> >

> > Bovine transfer factor (TFd) specific to herpes simplex virus (HSV)1

> > or to HSV2 was prepared by immunizing calves with the corresponding

> > virus. The TFd preparations were then injected into Swiss mice in an

> > attempt to protect them against a subsequent lethal challenge with

HSV1

> > or HSV2 virus. It was thus shown that injection of anti-HSV TFd

protects

> > the mice against the corresponding HSV virus, whereas the injection

of a

> > nonspecific TFd (anti-CMV) fails to protect against a challenge with

> > HSV1. Furthermore, a dose-response effect was observed, since potent

TFd

> > preparations were ineffective when they were used at one-fifth of

the

> > original concentration. It seems, therefore, that animal models may

be

> > used to assay the potency of TFd preparations specific for herpes

> > viruses.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> > PMID: 3019568 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> >

> >

------------------------------------------------------------------------

> >

> > No virus found in this incoming message.

> > Checked by AVG Free Edition.

> > Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: 269.17.13/1213 - Release Date:

07/01/2008 09:14

> >

>

[Guest guest]

Biotherapy. 1996;9(1-3):143-7.

Dialysable lymphocyte extract (DLyE) in infantile onset autism: a

pilot study.

Fudenberg HH. Neurolmmuno Therapeutics Research Foundation

Spartanburg, S.C., USA.

40 infantile autistic patients were studied. They ranged from 6

years to 15 years of age at entry. 22 were cases of classical infantile

autism; whereas 18 lacked one or more clinical defects associated with

infantile autism ( " pseudo-autism " ). Of the 22 with classic autism, 21

responded to transfer factor (TF) treatment by gaining at least 2 points

in symptoms severity score average (SSSA); and 10 became normal in that

they were main-streamed in school and clinical characteristics were

fully normalized. Of the 18 remaining, 4 responded to TF, some to other

therapies. After cessation of TF therapy, 5 in the autistic group and 3

of the pseudo-autistic group regressed, but they did not drop as low as

baseline levels.

Publication Types: * Clinical Trial

PMID: 8993773 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

4: J Autism Dev Disord. 1980 Dec;10(4):451-8.

Transfer factor immunotherapy of an autistic child with congenital

cytomegalovirus.

Stubbs EG, Budden SS, Burger DR, Vandenbark AA. Publication

Types: * Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. *

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

PMID: 6100889 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> > > >

> > > > Presse Med. 1984 Mar 3;13(9):537-40.

> > > >

> > > > [Treatment of herpes infections with transfer factor]

> > > >

> > > > [Article in French] Rosenfeld F, Viza D, J, Vich JM,

> > > > Binet O, Aron-Brunetire R.

> > > >

> > > > Twelve patients suffering from recurrent herpetic infections

> > > > resistant to several current therapies were treated for a 3 to

10

> > months

> > > > period with a bovine transfer factor specific to Herpes simplex

> > virus of

> > > > type 1 and 2. The results obtained showed that this treatment

was

> > > > capable of dramatically reducing the intensity, duration and

> > frequency

> > > > of the relapses. This preliminary clinical trial suggests that

> > specific

> > > > transfer factor administered orally could be an effective

treatment

> > of

> > > > herpes infections.

> > > >

> > > > Publication Types: * Clinical Trial * English Abstract

> > > > * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> > > > PMID: 6230646 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> > > >

> > > > Lancet. 1981 Jul 18;2(8238):122-4.

> > > >

> > > > Treatment of childhood combined Epstein-Barr

virus/cytomegalovirus

> > > > infection with oral bovine transfer factor.

> > > >

> > > > JF, Minnich LL, Jeter WS, Pritchett RF, Fulginiti VA,

Wedgwood

> > > > RJ.

> > > >

> > > > An illness lasting for two years, with recurrent fever, rash,

> > > > abdominal pain, and arthralgia, developed in a four year old

boy. He

> > was

> > > > found to have a combined Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus

> > (CMV)

> > > > infection. His symptoms, CMV in his urine, and an absent in

vitro

> > > > lymphocyte response to CMV antigen persisted for two years.

After

> > > > treatment with orally administered bovine transfer factor

clinical

> > > > symptoms and viruria disappeared and specific immunity to CMV

> > developed.

> > > > Evaluation of this treatment in chronic virus infections is

> > warranted.

> > > >

> > > > Publication Types: * Case Reports * Research Support,

> > > > Non-U.S. Gov't * Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

> > > >

> > > > PMID: 6113484 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> > > >

> > > > Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2006;28(3):471-83.

> > > >

> > > > In vitro antibacterial activity of bovine dialyzable leukocyte

> > extract.

> > > >

> > > > Armides Franco-Molina M, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Castillo-Tello P,

> > > > Tamez-Guerra RS, Villarreal-Trevi–o L, Tijerina-Menchaca R,

> > > > Castillo-Le—n L, Zapata-Benavides P, Rodr'guez-Padilla C.

> > > > Departamento de Microbiolog'a e Inmunolog'a, Laboratorio de

> > > > Inmunolog'a y Virolog'a, Facultad de Ciencias Biol—gicas,

> > > > Universidad Aut—noma de Nuevo Le—n, Nuevo Le—n,

> > MŽxico.

> > > >

> > > > The rapidly developing resistance of many infectious pathogenic

> > > > organisms to modern drugs has spurred scientists to search for

new

> > > > sources of antibacterial compounds. One potential candidate,

bDLE

> > > > (dialysis at 10 to 12 kDa cut-off) and its fractions ( " S " and

" L " by

> > 3.5

> > > > kDa cut-off and I, II, III, and IV by molecular exclusion

> > > > chromatography), was evaluated for antibacterial activity

against

> > > > pathogenic bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus,

Streptococcus

> > > > pyogenes, Lysteria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas

> > > > aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi) using standard antimicrobial

> > assays. A

> > > > minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bDLE and its fractions

was

> > > > determined by agar and broth dilutions methods. Only bDLE and

its

> > " S "

> > > > fraction had an effect upon all bacteria evaluated (MIC ranging

from

> > > > 0.29 to 0.62 U/ml), and the bactericidal and bacteriostatic

effects

> > > > (evaluated by MTT assay) were bacterial species-dependent. These

> > results

> > > > showed a remarkable in vitro antibacterial property of bDLE

against

> > > > several pathogenic bacteria.

> > > >

> > > > Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> > > > PMID: 16997795 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> > > >

> > > > 3: Int Immunopharmacol. 2004 Dec 15;4(13):1577-86.

> > > >

> > > > Bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract protects against

LPS-induced,

> > murine

> > > > endotoxic shock.

> > > >

> > > > Franco-Molina MA, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Castillo-Le—n L,

> > > > Tamez-Guerra RS, Rodr'guez-Padilla C. Laboratorio de

> > > > Inmunolog'a y Virolog'a, Departamento de Microbiolog'a e

> > > > Inmunolog'a, Facultad de Ciencias Biol—gicas, Universidad

> > > > Aut—noma de Nuevo Le—n, Apartado Postal 46 F, San

> > Nicol‡s de

> > > > los Garza, N.L., MŽxico.

> > > >

> > > > The pathophysiology of endotoxic shock is characterized by the

> > > > activation of multiple pro-inflammatory genes and their products

> > which

> > > > initiate the inflammatory process. Endotoxic shock is a serious

> > > > condition with high mortality. Bovine dialyzable leukocyte

extract

> > > > (bDLE) is a dialyzate of a heterogeneous mixture of low

molecular

> > weight

> > > > substances released from disintegrated leukocytes of the blood

or

> > > > lymphoid tissue obtained from homogenized bovine spleen. bDLE is

> > > > clinically effective for a broad spectrum of diseases. To

determine

> > > > whether bDLE improves survival and modulates the expression of

> > > > pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in LPS-induced, murine endotoxic

> > shock,

> > > > Balb/C mice were treated with bDLE (1 U) after pretreatment with

LPS

> > (17

> > > > mg/kg). The bDLE improved survival (90%), suppressed IL-10 and

IL-6,

> > and

> > > > decreased IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-12p40 mRNA expression; and

> > > > decreased the production of IL-10 (P<0.01), TNF-alpha (P<0.01),

and

> > IL-6

> > > > (P<0.01) in LPS-induced, murine endotoxic shock. Our results

> > demonstrate

> > > > that bDLE leads to improved survival in LPS-induced endotoxic

shock

> > in

> > > > mice, modulating the pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression,

> > > > suggesting that bDLE is an effective therapeutic agent for

> > inflammatory

> > > > illnesses associated with an unbalanced expression of

> > pro-inflammatory

> > > > cytokine genes such as in endotoxic shock, rheumatic arthritis

and

> > other

> > > > diseases.

> > > >

> > > > Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> > > > PMID: 15454111 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> > > >

> > > > Cytotherapy. 2007;9(4):379-85.

> > > >

> > > > Bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract modulates cytokines and

nitric

> > oxide

> > > > production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human blood cells.

> > > >

> > > > Franco-Molina MA, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Castillo-Tello P,

Isaza-Brando

> > > > CE, Garc'a ME, Castillo-Le—n L, Tamez-Guerra RS,

> > > > Rodr'guez-Padilla C. Departamento de Inmunolog'a y

> > > > Virolog'a, Universidad Aut—noma de Nuevo Le—n, San

> > > > Nicol‡s de los Garza, Nuevo Le—n, MŽxico.

> > > >

> > > > BACKGROUND: In the current study, we determined whether bovine

> > > > dialyzable leukocyte extract (bDLE) modulates lipopolysaccharide

> > > > (LPS)-induced nitric oxide and cytokine overproduction. METHODS:

> > Human

> > > > whole blood cells were treated with LPS (50 ng) + bDLE (1 U).

> > RESULTS:

> > > > The bDLE treatment decreased nitric oxide as well as TNF-alpha,

IL-6

> > and

> > > > IL-10 (P <0.01) cytokine production. In addition, it decreased

> > > > TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA expression and suppressed

IL-10

> > and

> > > > IL-12p40 mRNA expression, but did not modulate IL-8 mRNA

expression

> > in

> > > > LPS-stimulated human blood cells. DISCUSSION: Our results

suggest

> > that

> > > > bDLE may effectively modulate the fatal symptoms of hypotensive

> > shock

> > > > associated with endotoxin (LPS)-induced nitric oxide and

cytokine

> > > > production, and this may offer therapeutic potential for the

> > treatment

> > > > of endotoxic shock.

> > > >

> > > > Publication Types: * Research Support, Non.S. Gov't

> > > > PMID: 17573613 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> > > >

> > > > Biotherapy. 1996;9(1-3):67-72.

> > > >

> > > > Orally administered HSV-specific transfer factor (TF) prevents

> > > > genital or labial herpes relapses.

> > > >

> > > > Pizza G, Viza D, De Vinci C, Palareti A, Cuzzocrea D, Fornarola

V,

> > > > Baricordi R. Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy Unit,

1st-Division of

> > > > Urology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.

> > > >

> > > > Forty-four patients suffering from genital (22) and labial (22)

> > > > herpes were orally treated with HSV-1/2-specific transfer factor

> > (TF).

> > > > TF was obtained by in vitro replication of a HSV-1/2-specific

bovine

> > > > dialysable lymphocyte extract. Treatment was administered

bi-weekly

> > the

> > > > first 2 weeks, and then weekly for 6 months, most patients

received

> > 2-3

> > > > courses. The total observation period for all patients before

> > treatment

> > > > was 26,660 days, with 544 relapses, and a relapse index of 61.2,

> > whereas

> > > > the cumulative observation period during and after treatment was

> > 16,945

> > > > days, with a total of 121 relapsing episodes and a cumulative RI

of

> > 21.4

> > > > (P < 0.0001). Results were equally significant when the 2 groups

of

> > > > patients (labial and genital) were considered separately. These

> > > > observations confirm previous results obtained with bovine

> > HSV-specific

> > > > TF, and warrant further studies to establish HSV-specific TF as

a

> > choice

> > > > of treatment for preventing herpes recurrences.

> > > >

> > > > Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> > > > PMID: 8993760 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> > > >

> > > > 5: Biotherapy. 1996;9(1-3):61-6.

> > > >

> > > > Efficacy of transfer factor in treating patients with recurrent

> > > > ocular herpes infections.

> > > >

> > > > Meduri R, Campos E, Scorolli L, De Vinci C, Pizza G, Viza D. Eye

> > > > Physiopathology Clinical Service, University of Bologna, Italy.

> > > >

> > > > Recurrent ocular herpes is an insoluble problem for the

clinician.

> > > > As cellular immunity plays an important role in controlling

herpes

> > > > relapses, and other studies have shown the efficacy of

HSV-specific

> > > > transfer factor (TF) for the treatment of herpes patients, an

open

> > > > clinical trial was undertaken in 134 patients (71 keratitis, 29

> > > > kerato-uveitis, 34 uveitis) suffering from recurrent ocular

herpetic

> > > > infections. The mean duration of the treatment was 358 days, and

the

> > > > entire follow-up period 189,121 before, and 64,062 days after TF

> > > > treatment. The cell-mediated immune response to the viral

antigens,

> > > > evaluated by the lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) and the

leucocyte

> > > > migration test (LMT) (P < 0.001), was significantly increased by

the

> > TF

> > > > treatment. The total number of relapses was decreased

significantly

> > > > during/after TF treatment, dropping from 832 before, to 89 after

> > > > treatment, whereas the cumulative relapse index (RI) dropped,

during

> > the

> > > > same period, from 13.2 to 4.17 (P < 0.0001). No side effects

were

> > > > observed. It is concluded that patients with relapsing ocular

herpes

> > can

> > > > benefit from treatment with HSV-specific TF.

> > > >

> > > > Publication Types: * Clinical Trial

> > > > PMID: 8993759 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> > > >

> > > > 6: J Infect Dis. 1990 Jan;161(1):108-12.

> > > >

> > > > A controlled trial of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract for

> > > > cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.

> > > >

> > > > McMeeking A, Borkowsky W, Klesius PH, Bonk S, Holzman RS,

Lawrence

> > > > HS. Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center,

NY

> > > > 10016.

> > > >

> > > > Cryptosporidial infection causes severe diarrheal disease in

> > > > patients with AIDS. Fourteen patients with AIDS and symptomatic

> > > > cryptosporidiosis were treated with a specific bovine dialyzable

> > > > leukocyte extract (immune DLE) prepared from lymph node

lymphocytes

> > of

> > > > calves immunized with cryptosporidia or a nonspecific

(nonimmune)

> > DLE

> > > > prepared from nonimmunized calves. Six of 7 patients given

immune

> > DLE

> > > > gained weight and had a decrease in bowel movement frequency,

with

> > > > eradication of oocysts from stool in 5 patients. Six of 7

patients

> > given

> > > > nonimmune DLE showed no decrease in bowel movement and 4, no

> > clearing of

> > > > oocytes from stool; 5 continued to lose weight. Subsequently, 5

of

> > these

> > > > 7 were treated with immune DLE; 4 had a decrease in bowel

movement

> > > > frequency and significant weight gain, with eradication of

oocytes

> > from

> > > > stool in 2 patients. Immune DLE produces sustained symptomatic

> > > > improvement in patients with AIDS and active cryptosporidiosis,

but

> > lack

> > > > of an appropriate cryptosporidial antigen allows only

postulation

> > that

> > > > an augmentation of cellular immunity to Cryptosporidium parvum

> > induced

> > > > by immune DLE resulted in the microbiologic and clinical

improvement

> > > > observed.

> > > >

> > > > Publication Types: * Clinical Trial * Controlled

> > > > Clinical Trial * Randomized Controlled Trial * Research

> > > > Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

> > > > PMID: 2404072 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> > > >

> > > > 7: Acta Virol. 1988 Jan;32(1):6-18.

> > > >

> > > > De novo initiation of specific cell-mediated immune

responsiveness

> > > > in chickens by transfer factor (specific immunity inducer)

obtained

> > from

> > > > bovine colostrum and milk.

> > > >

> > > > GB, Poindexter C, Fort JD, Ludden KD. Amtron, Inc.,

> > > > ton, South Carolina.

> > > >

> > > > Transfer factors (TF) were prepared from colostrum and milk of

> > > > bovines previously immunized with antigens obtained from

> > Coccidioides

> > > > immitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, or from the

viral

> > > > agents responsible for avian Newcastle disease,

laryngotracheitis

> > > > disease or infectious bursal disease. The ability of bovine TF

to

> > > > transfer specific cell-mediated immune responsiveness to a

markedly

> > > > xenogenic species was studied using specific pathogen free (SPF)

and

> > > > standard commercial (SC) chickens as model recipients.

Cell-mediated

> > > > immune responsiveness was documented using one or more of the

> > following

> > > > for each antigen (organism) studied: (a) an in vitro chicken

> > leukocyte

> > > > (heterophil) migration inhibition assay; ( delayed-wattle

> > reactivity;

> > > > or © protection from clinical disease. Chicken TFs obtained

from

> > > > spleens of immune donors were evaluated in parallel to bovine

TF's

> > in

> > > > selected comparative studies. Bovine TF also referred to as

specific

> > > > immunity inducer (SII), and chicken TF were found to initiate

> > > > antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity de novo in previously

> > non-immune

> > > > SPF chickens as well as in SC chickens despite the presence of

> > > > maternally acquired humoral antibody which may serve as a

" barrier "

> > to

> > > > immunization of SC chickens when commercially available vaccines

are

> > > > administered by parenteral routes. Bovine TF's specific for

> > > > laryngotracheitis virus or infectious bursal disease virus

afforded

> > > > protection equal to that found for commercially available

vaccines.

> > > > Bovine TF's action was rapid (less than a day) and of relatively

> > long

> > > > duration at least 35 days.

> > > >

> > > > PMID: 2897772 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> > > >

> > > > 8: Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1987 Sep;44(3):329-34.

> > > >

> > > > Treatment of cryptosporidiosis with oral bovine transfer factor.

> > > >

> > > > Louie E, Borkowsky W, Klesius PH, Haynes TB, Gordon S, Bonk S,

> > > > Lawrence HS.

> > > >

> > > > Cryptosporidia are intestinal protozoans long known to cause

> > > > diarrhea in humans, especially those with acquired immune

deficiency

> > > > syndrome (AIDS). When transfer factor prepared from calves which

> > > > possessed delayed-type hypersensitivity to Eimeria bovis was

given

> > to

> > > > nonimmune calves and mice it conferred protection against

clinical

> > > > infection (coccidiosis). Recent studies with oral bovine

transfer

> > factor

> > > > have shown that it can confer cell-mediated immunity to humans.

> > Based on

> > > > these findings we decided to treat eight AIDS patients suffering

> > from

> > > > Cryptosporidium-associated diarrhea with transfer factor

prepared

> > from

> > > > calves immune to Cryptosporidium. Prior to treatment with

transfer

> > > > factor, three patients had been treated with spiramycin, one

patient

> > > > with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), and one patient with

> > > > furazolidone for greater than 1 month without clinical or

laboratory

> > > > improvement. Following administration of transfer factor, five

or

> > eight

> > > > patients exhibited a decrease in the number of bowel movements

and

> > the

> > > > development of formed stools. Cryptosporidium was eradicated

from

> > the

> > > > stools of four patients but two of these patients subsequently

> > relapsed

> > > > and one patient continued to have diarrhea despite the absence

of

> > > > Cryptosporidium in the stool. One patient has been free of

diarrhea

> > and

> > > > Cryptosporidium for 2 years after discontinuation of transfer

factor

> > > > therapy.

> > > >

> > > > PMID: 3621678 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> > > >

> > > > 9: Cell Immunol. 1986 Jul;100(2):555-62.

> > > >

> > > > Specific transfer factor protects mice against lethal challenge

with

> > > > herpes simplex virus.

> > > >

> > > > Viza D, Vich JM, J, Rosenfeld F, Davies DA.

> > > >

> > > > Bovine transfer factor (TFd) specific to herpes simplex virus

(HSV)1

> > > > or to HSV2 was prepared by immunizing calves with the

corresponding

> > > > virus. The TFd preparations were then injected into Swiss mice

in an

> > > > attempt to protect them against a subsequent lethal challenge

with

> > HSV1

> > > > or HSV2 virus. It was thus shown that injection of anti-HSV TFd

> > protects

> > > > the mice against the corresponding HSV virus, whereas the

injection

> > of a

> > > > nonspecific TFd (anti-CMV) fails to protect against a challenge

with

> > > > HSV1. Furthermore, a dose-response effect was observed, since

potent

> > TFd

> > > > preparations were ineffective when they were used at one-fifth

of

> > the

> > > > original concentration. It seems, therefore, that animal models

may

> > be

> > > > used to assay the potency of TFd preparations specific for

herpes

> > > > viruses.

> > > >

> > > > Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> > > > PMID: 3019568 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> > > >

> > > >

> > > >

> > ----------------------------------------------------------

> > > >

> > > > No virus found in this incoming message.

> > > > Checked by AVG Free Edition.

> > > > Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: 269.17.13/1213 - Release

Date:

> > 07/01/2008 09:14

> > > >

> > >

> >

> >

> >

------------------------------------------------------------------------

> >

> > No virus found in this incoming message.

> > Checked by AVG Free Edition.

> > Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: 269.17.13/1213 - Release Date:

07/01/2008 09:14

> >

>