Guest guest Posted February 13, 2002 Report Share Posted February 13, 2002 , I'm strongly inclined not to trust their product based on one thing: it appears to me that they called " Giardia " " Guardian " in their literature. I have a hard time trusting their knowledge of what they're doing when they can't spell one of the most common biological contaminants in water. Maybe I'm a snob, but it would bother me even if it was just a typo; if they don't have sufficient attention to detail in something like their own product literature, what level of attention to detail do they use in researching, developing, manufacturing and testing their product? Minneapolis -----Original Message----- From: [mailto:jlclaire@...] Sent: Wednesday, February 13, 2002 1:43 PM Subject: Crystal Quest Water Filter Hi all, Has anyone tried the Crystal Quest counter top filter? Right now I'm using a Brita (I know, I know...I'm new, ok!) but I'm going to buy something better soon. I can't afford a RO system. This is how Crystal Quest works (according to their website www.cqwater.com): FIRST, water passes through two one - micron filtration pad, small enough to remove all visible particles as well as GUARDIAN, CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and other microbiological CYSTS. SECOND, Our systems contain a patented media, KDF®(U.S. Patent 4,642,192), which has been tested to drastically reduce or effectively remove: Chlorine, Lead, Arsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Selenium, Mercury, Iron and other metals that may be present in the water. KDF® is listed under NSF standard 61 (health effects) for water treatment plant applications. THIRD, The Coconut Shell Granular Activated Carbon is used to improve the taste and odor and to remove: Chlorine, THMs, PCBs and hundreds of other organic contaminants that may be present in the water. The Coconut Shell GAC listed under NSF standard 42. FOURTH, water flows through another two one - micron filtration pad for further reduction of undesirable particles. The end result is total elimination or great reduction of a wide variety of contaminants. You can buy a deluxe model that has an additional filter that removes 100% of the flouride. It costs $139 for a filter that processes 30,000 gallons--pretty cheap!!! But maybe not very good? Any opinions would be greatly appreciated. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted February 14, 2002 Report Share Posted February 14, 2002 >It costs $139 for a filter that processes 30,000 gallons--pretty >cheap!!! But maybe not very good? Any opinions would be greatly >appreciated. Boy, I don't know what to make of that! I'm skeptical due to the poor quality of their site, but OTOH, it almost seems too promising not to try at that price. I couldn't find any kind of review, consumer or otherwise, on the web, though. - Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted February 14, 2002 Report Share Posted February 14, 2002 Greetings, I don't like knocking other systems out there. It's false claims that bother me. These folks have a couple 1 micron filters, then KDF, then granulated carbon (ie Brita), then 1 micron post filters. 1 micron is not very small really - a heck of a lot gets through that. I don't know if folks on this list realize what KDF is, but it is not designed to remove -anything- from water. It is actually used most effectively in shower filters, where you have a high flow rate and need to convert reactive chlorine into an inert compound so that it won't be a nasty free radical on your skin and lungs. It does this by creating an electric current between two metals as the water flows through, and these metals help convert the reactive compounds by donating electrons and molecules. So they use KDF to neutralize the chlorine and other free radicals so that their granulated carbon can absorb them better I would guess. A good strategy basically for getting the chlorine and a few other things out, though I would rather see them use a really good solid carbon block instead of granular (much more effective and lasts way longer). But then they need to keep the price down to next to nothing.... Then the water goes through another micron filter. Whether this unit is better than a Multi-Pure or a Doulton (which are good for what they try to do), I would have to see water samples to tell. I doubt it though. In their water contamination section they list all kinds of problems with our water, including leaching from underground gasoline tanks, heavy metals, viruses, and asbestos. Notice they don't say that their unit removes all these things. It is implied though and that is misleading bec. their unit would not even hardly touch these toxins. In their comparison section they discuss probs. with other methods of filtration/purification, (and they include many inaccuracies) implying that therefore theirs is the best. Dangerously misleading because people could get this system thinking they are getting the best deal on pure water around, but actually they are just getting the best price around. It's kind of funny too when they say " No replacement cartridges needed " because it appears this is because you have to replace the whole unit! This is not really made clear though. Anyway once you understand the capabilities of the various water filter/purification technologies out there, it is hard to be fooled by companies that throw a few terms like " KDF " and " 1 micron " at you and imply that they have figured out a way to " Create pure water for less than a per gallon instantly. " I wish creating pure water was a cheap process. But given what our society has done to our water supply, it is not. An enlightened society would not have done this in the first place, but if it had, it would at least take a few billion that it applies to other pursuits, and put it toward making sure that everyone in America had access to truly pure water, which is so critical to good health. Until that happens, it is up to each of us to do the research and to some extent to become a water expert enough to make the best decisions for ourselves and our families. The long-term solution in my opinion is to create sustainable economies and " wisdom cultures " to replace our unsustainable economy and " profit culture. " But that is another email.... Cheers, > [Original Message] > From: Idol <Idol@...> > < > > Date: 2/14/2002 1:31:25 AM > Subject: Re: Crystal Quest Water Filter > > > >It costs $139 for a filter that processes 30,000 gallons--pretty > >cheap!!! But maybe not very good? Any opinions would be greatly > >appreciated. > > Boy, I don't know what to make of that! I'm skeptical due to the poor > quality of their site, but OTOH, it almost seems too promising not to try > at that price. I couldn't find any kind of review, consumer or otherwise, > on the web, though. > > > > - > > >It costs $139 for a filter that processes 30,000 gallons--pretty > >cheap!!! But maybe not very good? Any opinions would be greatly > >appreciated. > > Boy, I don't know what to make of that! I'm skeptical due to the poor > quality of their site, but OTOH, it almost seems too promising not to try > at that price. I couldn't find any kind of review, consumer or otherwise, > on the web, though. > > > > - Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted February 14, 2002 Report Share Posted February 14, 2002 >Anyway once you understand the capabilities of the various water >filter/purification technologies out there, it is hard to be fooled >by companies that throw a few terms like " KDF " and " 1 micron " at you >and imply that they have figured out a way to " Create pure water for >less than a per gallon instantly. " I certainly didn't have the impression that their system is _good_ in any absolute sense, but if it's substantially better than what I have (a Brita pitcher) and allows me to remove the flouride, or even most of the flouride, then maybe it's the best thing I can afford. OTOH, maybe it's just as much a waste of money as the Pur and Brita crap I've been flushing money down the tubes with. Heck if I know. - Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted March 13, 2011 Report Share Posted March 13, 2011 , What Method does crystal quest use to remove fluoride Sent from my iPhone 4On Mar 11, 2011, at 11:36 AM, Baker <vbaker@...> wrote: We do allow discussion of water filters on this list because clean water is essential to the protocol and to good health. Considerations of which I am aware with water filters are: 1. effectiveness 2. cost of unit 3. cost of replacement filters, frequency of replacement 4. stability of the company: will they be there to buy replacement filters from in the future? I've been using water filters since the early 1980s. I know that Dr Brownstein recommends a whole-house RO system (Steph can provide the link). I have sent an email to that company asking them about water pressure, but never received an answer. I used Multi-Pure filters for many many years. I was satisfied with their effectiveness (look at their stats on this). However, their filters don't remove fluoride and I moved to a city with fluoridation, AND, last I knew they don't have a whole-house filter, they are just countertop or undersink, single-point filters. The company I am currently using is Crystal Quest because they have countertop, undersink, and whole-house filtration that removes fluoride, yet is not RO. Their overall pricing is excellent and they are a stable company. I've been very happy with my investment and have recommended them to others who have also been happy. In terms of how effective it needs to be: You want it to remove not just chlorine but chloramines, and also VOCs (vaporous chemicals), heavy metals, pesticides, and particulates. That's what I can think of right now. -- >We're moving back to the city after living in rural area with a well. What >should I look for when shopping for a water filter for my drinking water >and for bath/shower as well? > >I want to remove chlorine. No fluoride to worry about. > > > >------------------------------------ > >All off topic posts should go to the IodineOT >group IodineOT/ > > >Commonly asked questions: http://tinyurl.com/yhnds5e Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted March 13, 2011 Report Share Posted March 13, 2011 It is an adsorption method. Here is their site you can research: http://www.crystalquest.com/ -- At 01:04 PM 3/13/2011, you wrote: >, > What Method does crystal quest use to remove fluoride > > > >Sent from my iPhone 4 > > >On Mar 11, 2011, at 11:36 AM, Baker ><<mailto:vbaker@...>vbaker@...> wrote: > >> >> >>We do allow discussion of water filters on this list because clean water is >>essential to the protocol and to good health. >> >>Considerations of which I am aware with water filters are: >> >>1. effectiveness >>2. cost of unit >>3. cost of replacement filters, frequency of replacement >>4. stability of the company: will they be there to buy replacement >>filters from in the future? >> >>I've been using water filters since the early 1980s. I know that Dr >>Brownstein recommends a whole-house RO system (Steph can provide the >>link). I have sent an email to that company asking them about water >>pressure, but never received an answer. >> >>I used Multi-Pure filters for many many years. I was satisfied with their >>effectiveness (look at their stats on this). However, their filters don't >>remove fluoride and I moved to a city with fluoridation, AND, last I knew >>they don't have a whole-house filter, they are just countertop or >>undersink, single-point filters. >> >>The company I am currently using is Crystal Quest because they have >>countertop, undersink, and whole-house filtration that removes fluoride, >>yet is not RO. Their overall pricing is excellent and they are a stable >>company. I've been very happy with my investment and have recommended them >>to others who have also been happy. >> >>In terms of how effective it needs to be: >>You want it to remove not just chlorine but chloramines, and also VOCs >>(vaporous chemicals), heavy metals, pesticides, and particulates. >> >>That's what I can think of right now. >> >>-- >> >> >We're moving back to the city after living in rural area with a well. What >> >should I look for when shopping for a water filter for my drinking water >> >and for bath/shower as well? >> > >> >I want to remove chlorine. No fluoride to worry about. >> > >> > >> > >> >------------------------------------ >> > >> >All off topic posts should go to the IodineOT >> >group >> <IodineOT/>http://health./g\ roup/IodineOT/ >> > >> > >> >Commonly asked questions: >> <http://tinyurl.com/yhnds5e>http://tinyurl.com/yhnds5e Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted March 13, 2011 Report Share Posted March 13, 2011 Assuming I wish to continue this conversation; if I select the "off topic" link at the bottom of this email, how would anyone else, to include , be aware of this conversation. I only ask because I have never seen an off topic email come into my inbox. Sent from my iPhone 4On Mar 13, 2011, at 2:21 PM, Baker <vbaker@...> wrote: It is an adsorption method. Here is their site you can research: http://www.crystalquest.com/ -- At 01:04 PM 3/13/2011, you wrote: >, > What Method does crystal quest use to remove fluoride > > > >Sent from my iPhone 4 > > >On Mar 11, 2011, at 11:36 AM, Baker ><<mailto:vbaker@...>vbaker@...> wrote: > >> >> >>We do allow discussion of water filters on this list because clean water is >>essential to the protocol and to good health. >> >>Considerations of which I am aware with water filters are: >> >>1. effectiveness >>2. cost of unit >>3. cost of replacement filters, frequency of replacement >>4. stability of the company: will they be there to buy replacement >>filters from in the future? >> >>I've been using water filters since the early 1980s. I know that Dr >>Brownstein recommends a whole-house RO system (Steph can provide the >>link). I have sent an email to that company asking them about water >>pressure, but never received an answer. >> >>I used Multi-Pure filters for many many years. I was satisfied with their >>effectiveness (look at their stats on this). However, their filters don't >>remove fluoride and I moved to a city with fluoridation, AND, last I knew >>they don't have a whole-house filter, they are just countertop or >>undersink, single-point filters. >> >>The company I am currently using is Crystal Quest because they have >>countertop, undersink, and whole-house filtration that removes fluoride, >>yet is not RO. Their overall pricing is excellent and they are a stable >>company. I've been very happy with my investment and have recommended them >>to others who have also been happy. >> >>In terms of how effective it needs to be: >>You want it to remove not just chlorine but chloramines, and also VOCs >>(vaporous chemicals), heavy metals, pesticides, and particulates. >> >>That's what I can think of right now. >> >>-- >> >> >We're moving back to the city after living in rural area with a well. What >> >should I look for when shopping for a water filter for my drinking water >> >and for bath/shower as well? >> > >> >I want to remove chlorine. No fluoride to worry about. >> > >> > >> > >> >------------------------------------ >> > >> >All off topic posts should go to the IodineOT >> >group >> <IodineOT/>IodineOT/ >> > >> > >> >Commonly asked questions: >> <http://tinyurl.com/yhnds5e>http://tinyurl.com/yhnds5e Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted March 13, 2011 Report Share Posted March 13, 2011 The off-topic group is a separate list you have to sign up for. You only get those emails if you have signed up for it, & they only go out to other people who have signed up for it.AnneOn Mar 13, 2011, at 4:47 PM, Coyle wrote: Assuming I wish to continue this conversation; if I select the "off topic" link at the bottom of this email, how would anyone else, to include , be aware of this conversation. I only ask because I have never seen an off topic email come into my inbox. Sent from my iPhone 4On Mar 13, 2011, at 2:21 PM, Baker <vbaker@...> wrote: It is an adsorption method. Here is their site you can research: http://www.crystalquest.com/ -- At 01:04 PM 3/13/2011, you wrote: >, > What Method does crystal quest use to remove fluoride > > > >Sent from my iPhone 4 > > >On Mar 11, 2011, at 11:36 AM, Baker ><<mailto:vbaker@...>vbaker@...> wrote: > >> >> >>We do allow discussion of water filters on this list because clean water is >>essential to the protocol and to good health. >> >>Considerations of which I am aware with water filters are: >> >>1. effectiveness >>2. cost of unit >>3. cost of replacement filters, frequency of replacement >>4. stability of the company: will they be there to buy replacement >>filters from in the future? >> >>I've been using water filters since the early 1980s. I know that Dr >>Brownstein recommends a whole-house RO system (Steph can provide the >>link). I have sent an email to that company asking them about water >>pressure, but never received an answer. >> >>I used Multi-Pure filters for many many years. I was satisfied with their >>effectiveness (look at their stats on this). However, their filters don't >>remove fluoride and I moved to a city with fluoridation, AND, last I knew >>they don't have a whole-house filter, they are just countertop or >>undersink, single-point filters. >> >>The company I am currently using is Crystal Quest because they have >>countertop, undersink, and whole-house filtration that removes fluoride, >>yet is not RO. Their overall pricing is excellent and they are a stable >>company. I've been very happy with my investment and have recommended them >>to others who have also been happy. >> >>In terms of how effective it needs to be: >>You want it to remove not just chlorine but chloramines, and also VOCs >>(vaporous chemicals), heavy metals, pesticides, and particulates. >> >>That's what I can think of right now. >> >>-- >> >> >We're moving back to the city after living in rural area with a well. What >> >should I look for when shopping for a water filter for my drinking water >> >and for bath/shower as well? >> > >> >I want to remove chlorine. No fluoride to worry about. >> > >> > >> > >> >------------------------------------ >> > >> >All off topic posts should go to the IodineOT >> >group >> <IodineOT/>IodineOT/ >> > >> > >> >Commonly asked questions: >> <http://tinyurl.com/yhnds5e>http://tinyurl.com/yhnds5e Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted March 13, 2011 Report Share Posted March 13, 2011 , I'm not on the offtopic group (a separate group that people sign up for). However as I said, we do discuss water filtration here because clean water is so important to the success of the protocol and to good health. -- At 06:47 PM 3/13/2011, you wrote: >Assuming I wish to continue this conversation; if I select the " off topic " >link at the bottom of this email, how would anyone else, to include >, be aware of this conversation. I only ask because I have never >seen an off topic email come into my inbox. > > > >Sent from my iPhone 4 > > >On Mar 13, 2011, at 2:21 PM, Baker ><<mailto:vbaker@...>vbaker@...> wrote: > >> >> >> >>It is an adsorption method. Here is their site you can research: >><http://www.crystalquest.com/>http://www.crystalquest.com/ >> >>-- >> >>At 01:04 PM 3/13/2011, you wrote: >> >> >, >> > What Method does crystal quest use to remove fluoride >> > >> > >> > >> >Sent from my iPhone 4 >> > >> > >> >On Mar 11, 2011, at 11:36 AM, Baker >> ><<mailto:vbaker@...><mailto:vbaker@...>vbaker@...> wrote: >> > >> >> >> >> >> >>We do allow discussion of water filters on this list because clean >> water is >> >>essential to the protocol and to good health. >> >> >> >>Considerations of which I am aware with water filters are: >> >> >> >>1. effectiveness >> >>2. cost of unit >> >>3. cost of replacement filters, frequency of replacement >> >>4. stability of the company: will they be there to buy replacement >> >>filters from in the future? >> >> >> >>I've been using water filters since the early 1980s. I know that Dr >> >>Brownstein recommends a whole-house RO system (Steph can provide the >> >>link). I have sent an email to that company asking them about water >> >>pressure, but never received an answer. >> >> >> >>I used Multi-Pure filters for many many years. I was satisfied with their >> >>effectiveness (look at their stats on this). However, their filters don't >> >>remove fluoride and I moved to a city with fluoridation, AND, last I knew >> >>they don't have a whole-house filter, they are just countertop or >> >>undersink, single-point filters. >> >> >> >>The company I am currently using is Crystal Quest because they have >> >>countertop, undersink, and whole-house filtration that removes fluoride, >> >>yet is not RO. Their overall pricing is excellent and they are a stable >> >>company. I've been very happy with my investment and have recommended them >> >>to others who have also been happy. >> >> >> >>In terms of how effective it needs to be: >> >>You want it to remove not just chlorine but chloramines, and also VOCs >> >>(vaporous chemicals), heavy metals, pesticides, and particulates. >> >> >> >>That's what I can think of right now. >> >> >> >>-- >> >> >> >> >We're moving back to the city after living in rural area with a >> well. What >> >> >should I look for when shopping for a water filter for my drinking water >> >> >and for bath/shower as well? >> >> > >> >> >I want to remove chlorine. No fluoride to worry about. >> >> > >> >> > >> >> > >> >> >------------------------------------ >> >> > >> >> >All off topic posts should go to the IodineOT >> >> >group >> >> >> <<IodineOT/>http://health./\ group/IodineOT/>IodineOT/ >> >> > >> >> > >> >> >Commonly asked questions: >> >> >> <<http://tinyurl.com/yhnds5e>http://tinyurl.com/yhnds5e>http://tinyurl.com/yhnds\ 5e >> Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted March 14, 2011 Report Share Posted March 14, 2011 Sweet. How do I sign up for the off topic list? I am assuming that it is only people from the iodine group?Sent from my iPhone 4On Mar 13, 2011, at 8:36 PM, Anne Seals <anneseals@...> wrote: The off-topic group is a separate list you have to sign up for. You only get those emails if you have signed up for it, & they only go out to other people who have signed up for it.AnneOn Mar 13, 2011, at 4:47 PM, Coyle wrote: Assuming I wish to continue this conversation; if I select the "off topic" link at the bottom of this email, how would anyone else, to include , be aware of this conversation. I only ask because I have never seen an off topic email come into my inbox. Sent from my iPhone 4On Mar 13, 2011, at 2:21 PM, Baker <vbaker@...> wrote: It is an adsorption method. Here is their site you can research: http://www.crystalquest.com/ -- At 01:04 PM 3/13/2011, you wrote: >, > What Method does crystal quest use to remove fluoride > > > >Sent from my iPhone 4 > > >On Mar 11, 2011, at 11:36 AM, Baker ><<mailto:vbaker@...>vbaker@...> wrote: > >> >> >>We do allow discussion of water filters on this list because clean water is >>essential to the protocol and to good health. >> >>Considerations of which I am aware with water filters are: >> >>1. effectiveness >>2. cost of unit >>3. cost of replacement filters, frequency of replacement >>4. stability of the company: will they be there to buy replacement >>filters from in the future? >> >>I've been using water filters since the early 1980s. I know that Dr >>Brownstein recommends a whole-house RO system (Steph can provide the >>link). I have sent an email to that company asking them about water >>pressure, but never received an answer. >> >>I used Multi-Pure filters for many many years. I was satisfied with their >>effectiveness (look at their stats on this). However, their filters don't >>remove fluoride and I moved to a city with fluoridation, AND, last I knew >>they don't have a whole-house filter, they are just countertop or >>undersink, single-point filters. >> >>The company I am currently using is Crystal Quest because they have >>countertop, undersink, and whole-house filtration that removes fluoride, >>yet is not RO. Their overall pricing is excellent and they are a stable >>company. I've been very happy with my investment and have recommended them >>to others who have also been happy. >> >>In terms of how effective it needs to be: >>You want it to remove not just chlorine but chloramines, and also VOCs >>(vaporous chemicals), heavy metals, pesticides, and particulates. >> >>That's what I can think of right now. >> >>-- >> >> >We're moving back to the city after living in rural area with a well. What >> >should I look for when shopping for a water filter for my drinking water >> >and for bath/shower as well? >> > >> >I want to remove chlorine. No fluoride to worry about. >> > >> > >> > >> >------------------------------------ >> > >> >All off topic posts should go to the IodineOT >> >group >> <IodineOT/>IodineOT/ >> > >> > >> >Commonly asked questions: >> <http://tinyurl.com/yhnds5e>http://tinyurl.com/yhnds5e Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted March 14, 2011 Report Share Posted March 14, 2011 There are quite a few members there. 5 e-mails were posted on Saturday. You do need to sign up for the OT group also. Donna in IL From: iodine [mailto:iodine ] On Behalf Of CoyleSent: Sunday, March 13, 2011 6:48 PMiodine Subject: Re: Crystal Quest water filter Assuming I wish to continue this conversation; if I select the " off topic " link at the bottom of this email, how would anyone else, to include , be aware of this conversation. I only ask because I have never seen an off topic email come into my inbox. Sent from my iPhone 4 On Mar 13, 2011, at 2:21 PM, Baker <vbaker@...> wrote: It is an adsorption method. Here is their site you can research:http://www.crystalquest.com/--At 01:04 PM 3/13/2011, you wrote:>,> What Method does crystal quest use to remove fluoride>> >>Sent from my iPhone 4>>>On Mar 11, 2011, at 11:36 AM, Baker ><<mailto:vbaker@...>vbaker@...> wrote:>>>>>>>We do allow discussion of water filters on this list because clean water is>>essential to the protocol and to good health.>>>>Considerations of which I am aware with water filters are:>>>>1. effectiveness>>2. cost of unit>>3. cost of replacement filters, frequency of replacement>>4. stability of the company: will they be there to buy replacement>>filters from in the future?>>>>I've been using water filters since the early 1980s. I know that Dr>>Brownstein recommends a whole-house RO system (Steph can provide the>>link). I have sent an email to that company asking them about water>>pressure, but never received an answer.>>>>I used Multi-Pure filters for many many years. I was satisfied with their>>effectiveness (look at their stats on this). However, their filters don't>>remove fluoride and I moved to a city with fluoridation, AND, last I knew>>they don't have a whole-house filter, they are just countertop or>>undersink, single-point filters.>>>>The company I am currently using is Crystal Quest because they have>>countertop, undersink, and whole-house filtration that removes fluoride,>>yet is not RO. Their overall pricing is excellent and they are a stable>>company. I've been very happy with my investment and have recommended them>>to others who have also been happy.>>>>In terms of how effective it needs to be:>>You want it to remove not just chlorine but chloramines, and also VOCs>>(vaporous chemicals), heavy metals, pesticides, and particulates.>>>>That's what I can think of right now.>>>>-->>>> >We're moving back to the city after living in rural area with a well. What>> >should I look for when shopping for a water filter for my drinking water>> >and for bath/shower as well?>> >>> >I want to remove chlorine. No fluoride to worry about.>> >>> >>> >>> >------------------------------------>> >>> >All off topic posts should go to the IodineOT>> >group >> <IodineOT/>IodineOT/>> >>> >>> >Commonly asked questions: >> <http://tinyurl.com/yhnds5e>http://tinyurl.com/yhnds5e Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Recommended Posts
Join the conversation
You are posting as a guest. If you have an account, sign in now to post with your account.
Note: Your post will require moderator approval before it will be visible.