Five mistakes that will land you in medical debt

[Guest guest]

Five mistakes that will land you in medical debt

By Cohen CNN Medical Correspondent

http://www.cnn.com/2008/HEALTH/08/28/ep.medical.debt/index.html

It took the Trim family of Arlington, Texas, three hours to go

$15,000 into debt.

One evening last spring, Trim was knocked unconscious when a car

hit his bike and he slammed into the windshield. Three hours, many

stitches and seven CT scans later, was discharged in pretty good

shape.

About a month later, the bill arrived in the mail. " I didn't have a

clue you could go into $15,000 debt in one night, " said 's

father, Callvin Trim. " When I saw that bill, I was just kind of numb. "

That didn't even count bills from the doctors and the ambulance

service. Plus, Trim, who has insurance, owed more than $1,100 in

copayments from when he'd had kidney stones earlier in the year.

His son did not have insurance. Trim said it was " very expensive " to

add him to his own policy at the private school where he's an IT

director. His wife, Gayle, had just started a job as an executive

assistant at a commercial real estate company and wasn't yet eligible

for insurance.

A report out last month from the Commonwealth Fund found that 28

percent of the population said they were paying off medical debt in

2007, up from 21 percent in 2005.

" Two-thirds of the people who go into medical debt have insurance, "

said Mark Rukavina, executive director of the Access Project. " When

medical debt hits, it hits very quickly. It's a jolt, and it's

generally not very predictable. "

" These are all honest, hardworking people, " added Jessie Maurer, a

medical billing advocate in West Des Moines, Iowa, who helped the

Trims. " This could happen to just about anybody. "

By avoiding the mistakes below, the Trims managed to get their debt

under control. Here's how they did it.

Mistake No. 1: You ignore your bills

" The most dangerous thing people do when they get into debt is ignore

the statements and notices, " said Geroulo, a former

hospital administrator and now a partner at and Stimmel, a

health care law firm in Dallas, Texas.

" They think doctors and hospitals won't send them to collection

agencies, but they absolutely will, " she added.

As soon as he received the whopping bill from the hospital, the Trims

contacted Maurer, the medical billing advocate. To find an advocate,

visit the Medical Billing Advocates of America. The Fairness

Foundation and the National Foundation for Credit Counseling also

offer help to those in debt.

Mistake No. 2: You don't look for errors in your bills

" I had a client once who was charged for a surgery she never had, "

said Nora , vice president of Medical Billing Advocates of

America in Caldwell, West Virginia. " Another one was charged more

than $5,000 for disposable gloves. "

Maurer says she caught about $3,000 in errors in Trim's bills.

To catch errors, you have to get an itemized bill. Trim had to ask

for one; he says the hospital didn't automatically send it.

Mistake No. 3: You don't negotiate the price down

" People think they have to pay the amount on the bill. But doctors

and hospitals are very willing to negotiate, " Rukavina

said. " Remember, the squeaky wheel gets the grease. "

Maurer, for example, says one of her clients owed $14,000 for a five-

hour stay in a hospital emergency room. " She could afford to pay

$4,000, so I told her, 'Show them a certified check for $4,000.' She

did and told them, 'This is all I have in the world,' and they took

it. "

The hospital that treated Trim took $2,000 off his bill, which

brought the final charges down to $10,000.

Mistake No. 4: You're embarrassed to ask for financial assistance

There are an abundance of organizations to help people financially

strapped with medical debt, but you have to seek them out.

The Patient Advocate Foundation has a state-by-state directory of

financial resources. The foundation also has a program for " co-pay

relief " (if your co-pay is, say, 20 percent, 20 percent of a $200,000

hospital bill is a lot of money).

Since many financial assistance programs are for one specific

illness, it's worth searching around on the Internet. Cancer patients

should read this Empowered Patient column with information on

financial resources for people with cancer.

Mistake No. 5: You don't work out a payment plan

Just as hospitals and doctors are often willing to negotiate on

prices, they're also often willing to work out interest-free monthly

payments.

To pay off his debt, Trim worked out interest-free monthly payments

with the doctors and hospitals that treated him and his son. He pays

$250 a month and owes so many different people, he isn't sure how

much he owes in total -- but he knows it's at least $10,000.

" My whole life, I've tried to be smart with money, " he said. " Now

I've had to empty out my 401(k) to pay for all this. "

Of course, it's best to avoid medical debt in the first place. If you

don't have insurance, take this eligibility quiz to find out whether

you qualify for low-cost public health insurance programs. The group

Coverage for All also offers a state-by-state guide of health-care

choices and has a help line open 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

The Department of Health and Human Services has a guide to low-cost

insurance programs especially for children.

If you have insurance, make sure it pays every penny it owes. See

this Empowered Patient on challenging insurance company denials, and

remember the golden rule: appeal, appeal, appeal. " Don't take a 'no'

from the customer service representative on the other end of the 800

number, " Rukavina of the Access Project said. " Always issue a

complaint or grievance. "

Shopping around at different hospitals before you have an expensive

procedure can save you thousands of dollars when it comes time to pay

co-payments. " I used to run hospitals, so I know how these things are

priced, " Geroulo said. " Just because a procedure costs $10,000 at one

hospital doesn't mean you can't find it for $5,000 down the road. "

She adds that although most of us shop around for other large

purchases, like a car, we're not used to doing so for medical

procedures. " Patients need to learn to be a lot smarter and a lot

savvier about their health care, " Geroulo said.