calcium from shrimp and small fish

[Guest guest]

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Researchers from Thailand have looked at the calcium content of small

fish, which are traditionally eaten whole. A small fish

called 'mola' contains 813 mg calcium per 100 g, while a larger fish,

catfish, contains only 13 mg calcium per 100 g. Tiny freshwater

shrimp that are eaten whole contain 1339 mg calcium per 100g, whereas

the giant tiger prawn only contains 8 mg.

This informatin is not new; however, research has recently shown for

the first time that the calcium in fish bones is absorbable and the

body can use it. Hansen et al. (1998) looked at the absorption of

calcium from a small Bangladeshi fish and found it to be very similar

to uptake of the calcium in milk. Another study found similar

results (Larsen et al. 2000)

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So there's some data for small whole shrimp. It doesn't say the

shrimp or fish are dried, so if the data is for fresh, then a little

dried shrimp goes a long way...

(note: this passage comes from a pdf that otherwise has no useful

information whatsoever.)

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Br J Nutr. 2000 Feb;83(2):191-6.

Whole small fish as a rich calcium source.

Larsen T, Thilsted SH, Kongsbak K, Hansen M.

Department of Animal Health and Welfare, Research Center Foulum,

Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Tjele, Denmark.

The present rat balance study investigated Ca availability from the

whole indigenous small fish species, mola (Amblypharyngodon mola)

from Bangladesh and from skimmed milk. Four groups of six young male

rats each were fed ad libitum with diets containing either small fish

or milk, at 100 or 160 g crude protein/kg diet dry matter. The study

was conducted for 28 d and faeces and urine samples were collected in

two balance periods: day 8-14 and 22-28. The Ca and N contents of the

diets, faeces and urine were analysed. Ca intake, fractional Ca

absorption and Ca retention in relation to N retention were measured.

Digestibility and protein utilization of the experimental diets,

weight gain of the rats, femur bone weight and mineral composition as

well as bone alkaline phosphatase activity were also determined. It

was concluded from the values of these variables that Ca from small

fish with bones was available and appeared to be a useful Ca source

in rats, though perhaps not as available as Ca from milk. This study

suggests that small fish with bones may be an important source of Ca

in human diets. Promotion of the production and consumption of small

fish in population groups with low intakes of milk and milk products

should therefore be encouraged.

PMID: 10743499 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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J Trace Elem Med Biol. 1998 Nov;12(3):148-54.

Calcium absorption from small soft-boned fish.

Hansen M, Thilsted SH, Sandstrom B, Kongsbak K, Larsen T, Jensen M,

Sorensen SS.

Research Department of Human Nutrition/LMC Centre for Advanced Food

Studies, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg,

Denmark.

The prevalence of osteoporosis in developing countries is low

compared to most industrialised countries despite an apparent low Ca

intake. It is possible, however, that food surveys have overlooked

important Ca sources in developing countries. Small fish eaten with

the bones can be a rich source of Ca, even though Ca from bone may be

considered unavailable for absorption. In the present study,

absorption of Ca from indigenous Bengali small fish was compared with

the Ca absorption from milk. Ca absorption from single meals was

determined in 19 healthy men and women (21-28 y). Each subject

received two meal types on two separate occasions. Both meals

consisted of white wheat bread, butter and ultra pure water with the

main Ca source being either small Bengali fish (397 mg Ca in total)

or skimmed milk (377 mg Ca in total). The meals were extrinsically

labelled with 47Ca, and whole-body retention was measured on day 8,

12, 15 and 19 after intake of each meal. The labelling procedure was

evaluated by an in vitro method. The calculated absorption of Ca as

measured with 47Ca whole-body retention was 23.8 +/- 5.6% from the

fish meal and 21.8 +/- 6.1% from the milk meal (mean +/- SD), which

was not significantly different (p = 0.52). Even after correction for

an incomplete isotope exchange, as indicated by the in vitro study,

Ca absorption was similar from the two meal types. It was concluded

that Ca absorption from small Bengali fish was comparable that from

skimmed milk, and that these fish may represent a good source of Ca.

PMID: 9857327 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Apr;47(4):707-9.

Calcium absorbability from spinach.

Heaney RP, Weaver CM, Recker RR.

Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178.

The absorbability of calcium from spinach was compared with the

absorbability of Ca from milk in 13 healthy adults in a randomized

cross-over design in which the test meal of either milk or spinach

had 200 mg of Ca labeled with 45Ca. Absorption was measured by the

standard double-isotope method in which both the test food and the

miscible Ca pool are labeled with different Ca tracers. Measurement

of both Ca and oxalate in our test spinach revealed a very slight

stoichiometric excess of oxalate; hence it is likely that all of the

spinach Ca was effectively bound. Absorption was higher from milk in

every case, with the mean absorption from milk averaging 27.6% and

from spinach, 5.1%. The mean within-subject difference between Ca

absorption from milk and from spinach was 22.5 +/- 9.5% (P less than

0.0001). These results conclusively establish that spinach Ca is much

less readily available than milk Ca.

Publication Types:

Clinical Trial

Randomized Controlled Trial

PMID: 3354496 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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this pdf is worth looking at. it argues in defense of calcium

carbonate compared to calcium citrate and food sources of calcium.

notes the significance of taking supplements with food. compares

absorption of different calcium supplements with kale, milk, small

fish. <http://bajreece.notlong.com>

remember that even if supplemental calcium is absorbed as well as

food calcium, the reason to get calcium from food is to get all the

other stuff, especially other minerals, at the same time...

calcium is easy to get; worry about magnesium and don't forget about

zinc...

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Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jun;65(6):1803-9.

High dietary calcium intakes reduce zinc absorption and balance in

humans.

Wood RJ, Zheng JJ.

Mineral Bioavailability Laboratory, Mayer US Department of

Agriculture, HNRCA, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.

wood_mb@...

Optimal calcium intakes of 37.5 mmol(1500 mg)/d have been proposed

for elderly people. We investigated the effects of calcium

supplementation on zinc absorption and balance in 18 relatively

healthy, postmenopausal women aged 59-86 y. All subjects received a

standardized basal diet of typical foods supplying 269 mumol (17.6

mg) Zn/d and 22.2 mmol (890 mg) Ca/d during the 36-d study. In two of

three experimental periods, an additional 11.7 mmol (468 mg) Ca/d as

either milk or an inorganic calcium phosphate supplement was

provided. Net zinc absorption and zinc balance were significantly

reduced by approximately 2 mg/d during both high-calcium treatments.

In a second study, conducted in a separate group of men and women

aged 21-69 y, a whole-gut lavage, zinc-absorption test was used to

investigate the acute effect of a 15-mmol CaCO3 (600 mg Ca)

supplement, with and without extra zinc, on zinc absorption from a

single test meal supplying 111.7 mumol (7.3 mg) Zn. Zinc absorption

was reduced significantly by 50% when the calcium supplement was

given with the meal. Inclusion of an extra 119.3 mumol (7.8 mg) Zn as

part of a calcium supplement offset the detrimental effect of calcium

on zinc absorption. Our findings suggest that high-calcium diets can

reduce net zinc absorption and balance and may increase the zinc

requirement in adult humans.

PMID: 9174476 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Mike

SE Pennsylvania