FUMONISIN, EQUINE FEED - USA: FDA WARNING

[Guest guest]

FUMONISIN, EQUINE FEED - USA: FDA WARNING

**********************************************

A ProMED-mail post

<http://www.promedmail.org>

ProMED-mail, a program of the

International Society for Infectious Diseases

<http://www.isid.org>

Date: 29 Nov 2006

From: Brent Barrett <salbrent@...>

Source: FDA.gov [edited]

<http://www.fda.gov/cvm/Horsefumonisin.htm%3e>

Each year, a number of horses die from eating corn or corn byproducts

containing fumonisins. Fumonisins are a group of toxins produced by

an endophytic mold found within the corn kernel. Typically,

fumonisins are produced while the corn plant is growing in the field,

but levels can also increase under improper storage conditions after

harvest.

Although more than 10 types of fumonisins have been isolated and

characterized, the most prevalent in contaminated corn is fumonisin B1

(FB1), which is believed to be the most toxic. The dangers from

fumonisins are dose-related, and horses and rabbits are the most

susceptible of the domestic species.

Fumonisins can produce the serious neurological disease known as

leukoencephalomalacia (ELM) in horses. Most of the investigated cases

of fumonisin poisoning in horses have involved corn screenings [corn

screenings were described as " crushed kernels and other damaged grain

material that was removed during the drying of corn by a local grain

elevator " in a CDC NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety

and Health) document on the death of a farmer who was exposed to corn

screenings. This document is available at

<http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/FACE/stateface/mn/96mn083.html> - Mod.MPP] .

For this reason, FDA recommends that corn screenings NOT be used in

horse feed.

Corn and feed containing corn also needs to be kept dry and protected

from moisture when stored to prevent levels of fumonisins and other

mold toxins from increasing. FDA recommends that corn and corn

by-products used in horse feed should contain less than 5 parts per

million (ppm) of fumonisins and comprise no more than 20 percent of

the dry weight of the total ration.

In November 2001, CVM and FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied

Nutrition jointly issued a final guidance for industry on fumonisin

levels in human food and animal feeds, which can be viewed at:

<http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/fumongu2.html>

Additional information about fumonisins is also available at:

<http://www.fda.gov/cvm/fumonisin.htm%3e>.

Issued by:

FDA, Center for Veterinary Medicine

Communications Staff, HFV-12

7519 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855

Telephone: (240) 276-9300 FAX: (240) 276-9115

Internet Web Site: <http://www.fda.gov/cvm>

--

Brent Barrett <salbrent@...>

[Leukoencephalomalacia is extremely detrimental to horses and if not

fatal, results in a debilitated animal that is normally euthanized.

The portion of the corn responsible for the fumonisin can be seen in

the feed when viewed under a microscopic, and the detrimental chemical

can be detected by other analyses. Because of its appearance, the

portion of the corn responsible for the disease is sometimes called

'bees wings.'

Manufacturers that include corn screenings in their feed are liable

for legal issues when horses either die or are euthanized. The corn

screenings and fumonisin can be identified in the stomach contents of

euthanized horses.

The fungus that makes the fumonisin toxin, _Fusarium moniliforme_

(_Fusarium verticillioides_), is found wherever corn is grown. Dry

weather early in the season, followed by wet weather during silking of

the corn plant, and insect infestation increase the extent of fungal

infection of corn kernels. In several countries, high levels of

fumonisin in moldy corn have been suspected of causing esophageal

cancer in humans. - Mod.TG]

[Guest guest]

-thanks sharom,am i understanding this right about fusarium in that

it disolves in water easily and this is what fumonisin is.and this

iswhyit seemstogrow readily in our tapwater.-- In

, snk1955@... wrote:

>

> FUMONISIN, EQUINE FEED - USA: FDA WARNING

> **********************************************

> A ProMED-mail post

> <http://www.promedmail.org>

> ProMED-mail, a program of the

> International Society for Infectious Diseases

> <http://www.isid.org>

>

> Date: 29 Nov 2006

> From: Brent Barrett <salbrent@...>

> Source: FDA.gov [edited]

> <http://www.fda.gov/cvm/Horsefumonisin.htm%3e>

>

> Each year, a number of horses die from eating corn or corn

byproducts

> containing fumonisins. Fumonisins are a group of toxins produced

by

> an endophytic mold found within the corn kernel. Typically,

> fumonisins are produced while the corn plant is growing in the

field,

> but levels can also increase under improper storage conditions

after

> harvest.

>

> Although more than 10 types of fumonisins have been isolated and

> characterized, the most prevalent in contaminated corn is

fumonisin B1

> (FB1), which is believed to be the most toxic. The dangers from

> fumonisins are dose-related, and horses and rabbits are the most

> susceptible of the domestic species.

>

> Fumonisins can produce the serious neurological disease known as

> leukoencephalomalacia (ELM) in horses. Most of the investigated

cases

> of fumonisin poisoning in horses have involved corn screenings

[corn

> screenings were described as " crushed kernels and other damaged

grain

> material that was removed during the drying of corn by a local

grain

> elevator " in a CDC NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety

> and Health) document on the death of a farmer who was exposed to

corn

> screenings. This document is available at

> <http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/FACE/stateface/mn/96mn083.html> -

Mod.MPP] .

> For this reason, FDA recommends that corn screenings NOT be used in

> horse feed.

>

> Corn and feed containing corn also needs to be kept dry and

protected

> from moisture when stored to prevent levels of fumonisins and other

> mold toxins from increasing. FDA recommends that corn and corn

> by-products used in horse feed should contain less than 5 parts per

> million (ppm) of fumonisins and comprise no more than 20 percent of

> the dry weight of the total ration.

>

> In November 2001, CVM and FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied

> Nutrition jointly issued a final guidance for industry on fumonisin

> levels in human food and animal feeds, which can be viewed at:

> <http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/fumongu2.html>

>

> Additional information about fumonisins is also available at:

> <http://www.fda.gov/cvm/fumonisin.htm%3e>.

>

> Issued by:

> FDA, Center for Veterinary Medicine

> Communications Staff, HFV-12

> 7519 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855

> Telephone: (240) 276-9300 FAX: (240) 276-9115

> Internet Web Site: <http://www.fda.gov/cvm>

>

> --

> Brent Barrett <salbrent@...>

>

> [Leukoencephalomalacia is extremely detrimental to horses and if

not

> fatal, results in a debilitated animal that is normally euthanized.

> The portion of the corn responsible for the fumonisin can be seen

in

> the feed when viewed under a microscopic, and the detrimental

chemical

> can be detected by other analyses. Because of its appearance, the

> portion of the corn responsible for the disease is sometimes called

> 'bees wings.'

>

> Manufacturers that include corn screenings in their feed are liable

> for legal issues when horses either die or are euthanized. The corn

> screenings and fumonisin can be identified in the stomach contents

of

> euthanized horses.

>

> The fungus that makes the fumonisin toxin, _Fusarium moniliforme_

> (_Fusarium verticillioides_), is found wherever corn is grown. Dry

> weather early in the season, followed by wet weather during

silking of

> the corn plant, and insect infestation increase the extent of

fungal

> infection of corn kernels. In several countries, high levels of

> fumonisin in moldy corn have been suspected of causing esophageal

> cancer in humans. - Mod.TG]

>

>

>

[Guest guest]

fumonisin in rat liver.

<http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?

SEQ_NO_115=188207>

> >

> > FUMONISIN, EQUINE FEED - USA: FDA WARNING

> > **********************************************

> > A ProMED-mail post

> > <http://www.promedmail.org>

> > ProMED-mail, a program of the

> > International Society for Infectious Diseases

> > <http://www.isid.org>

> >

> > Date: 29 Nov 2006

> > From: Brent Barrett <salbrent@>

> > Source: FDA.gov [edited]

> > <http://www.fda.gov/cvm/Horsefumonisin.htm%3e>

> >

> > Each year, a number of horses die from eating corn or corn

> byproducts

> > containing fumonisins. Fumonisins are a group of toxins

produced

> by

> > an endophytic mold found within the corn kernel. Typically,

> > fumonisins are produced while the corn plant is growing in the

> field,

> > but levels can also increase under improper storage conditions

> after

> > harvest.

> >

> > Although more than 10 types of fumonisins have been isolated and

> > characterized, the most prevalent in contaminated corn is

> fumonisin B1

> > (FB1), which is believed to be the most toxic. The dangers from

> > fumonisins are dose-related, and horses and rabbits are the most

> > susceptible of the domestic species.

> >

> > Fumonisins can produce the serious neurological disease known as

> > leukoencephalomalacia (ELM) in horses. Most of the investigated

> cases

> > of fumonisin poisoning in horses have involved corn screenings

> [corn

> > screenings were described as " crushed kernels and other damaged

> grain

> > material that was removed during the drying of corn by a local

> grain

> > elevator " in a CDC NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational

Safety

> > and Health) document on the death of a farmer who was exposed to

> corn

> > screenings. This document is available at

> > <http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/FACE/stateface/mn/96mn083.html> -

> Mod.MPP] .

> > For this reason, FDA recommends that corn screenings NOT be used

in

> > horse feed.

> >

> > Corn and feed containing corn also needs to be kept dry and

> protected

> > from moisture when stored to prevent levels of fumonisins and

other

> > mold toxins from increasing. FDA recommends that corn and corn

> > by-products used in horse feed should contain less than 5 parts

per

> > million (ppm) of fumonisins and comprise no more than 20 percent

of

> > the dry weight of the total ration.

> >

> > In November 2001, CVM and FDA's Center for Food Safety and

Applied

> > Nutrition jointly issued a final guidance for industry on

fumonisin

> > levels in human food and animal feeds, which can be viewed at:

> > <http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/fumongu2.html>

> >

> > Additional information about fumonisins is also available at:

> > <http://www.fda.gov/cvm/fumonisin.htm%3e>.

> >

> > Issued by:

> > FDA, Center for Veterinary Medicine

> > Communications Staff, HFV-12

> > 7519 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855

> > Telephone: (240) 276-9300 FAX: (240) 276-9115

> > Internet Web Site: <http://www.fda.gov/cvm>

> >

> > --

> > Brent Barrett <salbrent@>

> >

> > [Leukoencephalomalacia is extremely detrimental to horses and if

> not

> > fatal, results in a debilitated animal that is normally

euthanized.

> > The portion of the corn responsible for the fumonisin can be

seen

> in

> > the feed when viewed under a microscopic, and the detrimental

> chemical

> > can be detected by other analyses. Because of its appearance, the

> > portion of the corn responsible for the disease is sometimes

called

> > 'bees wings.'

> >

> > Manufacturers that include corn screenings in their feed are

liable

> > for legal issues when horses either die or are euthanized. The

corn

> > screenings and fumonisin can be identified in the stomach

contents

> of

> > euthanized horses.

> >

> > The fungus that makes the fumonisin toxin, _Fusarium moniliforme_

> > (_Fusarium verticillioides_), is found wherever corn is grown.

Dry

> > weather early in the season, followed by wet weather during

> silking of

> > the corn plant, and insect infestation increase the extent of

> fungal

> > infection of corn kernels. In several countries, high levels of

> > fumonisin in moldy corn have been suspected of causing esophageal

> > cancer in humans. - Mod.TG]

> >

> >

> >