Streptomyces californicus+Stachybotrys chartarum = immunotoxic cytostatic compound(s)

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I had never seen this abstract before.. Has anyone ever posted it here?

Lots of related articles also on the (fungi AND bacteria)

http://lib.bioinfo.pl/pmid:17095029

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Sep 30; : 17095029

Co-cultivation of Streptomyces californicus and Stachybotrys chartarum

stimulates the production of cytostatic compound(s) with immunotoxic

properties.

[My paper] Piia Penttinen , Jukka Pelkonen , Kati Huttunen ,

Maija-Riitta Hirvonen

We have recently shown that the actinobacterium Streptomyces

californicus and the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum originating from

moisture damaged buildings possess both immunotoxic and

immunostimulatory characteristics, which are synergistically

potentiated by microbial interaction. In the search for the causative

agent(s) behind the immunotoxicity, the cytostatic effects of the

co-cultivated spores of S. californicus and S. chartarum were compared

to those caused by widely used cytostatic agents produced by

streptomycetes. The RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed to four doses of

doxorubicin (DOX), actinomycin D (AMD), mitomycin C (MMC) or

phleomycin (PHLEO) for 24 h. Kinetics of the spores of the

co-cultivated and the separately cultivated microbes (1x10(6)

spores/ml) was compared to DOX (0.15 muM). Apoptotic responses were

analyzed by measuring DNA content and mitochondria membrane

depolarization with flow cytometer, and by the fluorometric caspase-3

assay. The present data indicate that interactions during

co-cultivation of S. californicus and S. chartarum stimulate the

production of an unidentified cytostatic compound(s) capable of

inducing mitochondria mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at

S-G(2)/M. The spores of co-cultivated microbes caused a 4-fold

collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and an almost 6-fold

caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation when compared to control.

Similar responses were induced by DNA cleaving compounds, especially

DOX and AMD, at the relatively low concentrations, but not the spores

of the same microbes when they were grown separately. These data

suggest that when growing in the same habitat, interactions between S.

californicus and S. chartarum stimulates the production of an unknown

cytostatic compound(s) which evoke immunotoxic effects similar to

those by chemotherapeutic drugs.

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