Protein metabolism and pathways

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Protein metabolism and pathways

Posted: Jul 08, 2009 | |

Protein Metabolism is nothing but a series of chemical reaction process responsible for the synthesis and breakdown of proteins and amino acids. Proteins are comprised of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen. These biochemical catalysts form the cellular structure. Protein is the only nutrient that contains nitrogen which plays the key role for the formation of different amino acids. Proteins are the organic compounds of amino acids which are the essential nutrients in building the muscle tissue and organs. Amino acids are very essential for building the cell structures .If the presences of amino acids are in excess state then it was converted into fat and later used for energy metabolism.

The amino groups are transformed from muscles to liver by the glucose –alanine cycle for the conversion of these amino acids into glucose. All amino acids are converted into glucose for the occurrence of catabolism in liver as it plays a major role in holding the essential amino acids. Due to the action of insulin the plasma amino acids are damaged by dietary carbohydrate.

The body exposes to prolonged starvation or illness due to the breakdown of proteins by the inadequate supply of energy .Brain tissues uses the preference of liver for utilizing the proteins in it. Liver cells and kidney cells are the only two organs to contain the gluconeogenesis pathway which are used for the conversion of amino acids into glucose.

The protein metabolism is carried in two path ways:Protein catabolism: Protein catabolism is the process of breaking down the amino acid group into smaller units for the easy transfer of energy through blood to the cells. Protein catabolism is also referred to as digestion process of nutrients. During protein catabolism vitamin B6 is present in amino acids for transamination of nitrogen from one acid to another acid. In this process L-glutamate is formed by the transamination of amino acids and later this product is converted into ammonia by oxidative deamination. By this ammonia, urea synthesis is carried out and transmitted to the kidneys through blood and released out in the urination. Carbon dioxide, Adenasine triphosphate, urea, water and ammonia are the final products of protein catabolism.

Protein anabolism: Protein Anabolism is the process of grouping the smaller amino groups into larger protein molecule for building up the organs and muscle tissues.Maple urine disease, albinism, histidinaemia, tyrosinaemia and alkaptonuria are the disease caused due to the disorders of protein metabolism.Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/weight-loss-articles/protein-metabolism-and-pathways-1022482.html#ixzz0upXL5s9c Under Creative Commons License: Attribution