New painkiller was born in Utah

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Public release date: 29-Dec-2004

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University of Utah

New painkiller was born in Utah

Undergrad discovered natural form in venomous snails in 1979

The natural form of Prialt ­ a new drug for severe pain approved this week

by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ­ was discovered at the University

of Utah in 1979 by an incoming freshman studying toxins produced by cone

snails.

The student, J. McIntosh, worked in the laboratory of University of

Utah biologist Baldomero " Toto " Olivera, the summer before his freshman year

as the result of a scholarship interview.

Now, 25 years later, Olivera is a distinguished professor of biology who

still studies cone snails and how substances in their venom may be developed

into drugs, and McIntosh is a professor of psychiatry and research professor

of biology at the university.

McIntosh says his experience as an 18-year-old working in Olivera's

laboratory shows " the university provides a very unusual opportunity for

undergraduate students to participate in cutting-edge research that can make

a real difference. "

Olivera says McIntosh first isolated and characterized the painkiller in the

venom of the fish-hunting cone snail Conus magus, or magician's cone, which

is about 1.5 inches long and thus too small to kill people it stings, as do

some larger cone snails.

McIntosh discovered a component or " factor " in the venom affected the

nervous system. He purified it and determined its chemical structure. Later,

University of Utah biologist Doju Yoshikami determined the factor blocked

the transmission of nerve signals through certain connections or synapses

between nerve cells.

Olivera and Yoshikami developed the factor ­ named omega-MVIIA, or omega

conotoxin M seven A ­ for use in basic research in neuroscience. " It blocks

communication between nerve cells, " allowing researchers to learn what nerve

circuits do normally by seeing what goes wrong when the connections are

blocked, Olivera says.

The university didn't patent omega-MVIIA because the substance " didn't have

a definitive therapeutic use " at the time, he adds.

" As with many basic science discoveries, the clinical importance of the

discovery wasn't appreciated at the time, " McIntosh says.

Olivera and Yoshikami collaborated in basic research on omega-MVIIA with

Miljanich, who worked at the University of Southern California and

later moved to Neurex Corp., where Miljanich explored the substance's

therapeutic potential.

Neurex ultimately was acquired by Elan Corp., based in Dublin, Ireland. On

Dec. 28, Elan got FDA approval to sell Prialt for chronic, intractable pain

suffered by people with cancer, AIDS, injury, failed back surgery or certain

nervous system disorders.

The drug is expected to be available in the United States in late January

2005. It is injected into fluid surrounding the spinal cord by external or

implanted pumps.

" The commercial product, Prialt, is chemically identical to omega-MVIIA,

except that it is made synthetically instead of by snails, " Olivera says.

McIntosh now directs research in the Department of Psychiatry at the

University of Utah Health Sciences Center, and treats adolescents and adults

who have depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder (manic-depression) and

obsessive-compulsive disorder.