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Hypothalamo-amygdala-prefrontal network in reward seeking

Shuji Aou, Kimiya Narikiyo, Akira Masuda, Noboru Shiota, Takao Inoue

Department of Brain Science and Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology,

Kitakyushu, Japan

Foods, sexual/social partners, family and friends are essential natural rewards

for humans and animals. We are trying to make great efforts to get these

rewards, however, the numbers of patients who failed to manipulate these

rewards, such as eating disorders, reproductive dysfunctions, emotional

disorders, various types of addiction and social dysfunctions including autism

and other communication problems are greatly increasing in modern societies

under the influences of drastic changes in environments and social systems. It

has been studied that the hypothalamo- amygdala-prefrontal network is deeply

involved in neural control of reward-seeking behaviors. Hypothalamic neurons

show specific responses to different natural rewards. The amygdala plays an

important roles in emotional evaluation of rewards and punishments. The

orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been shown to evaluate reward value based on

integration of multimodal sensory inputs and endogenous humoral signals. OFC

neurons showed selective responses to each category of rewards. Animal behaviors

are highly sensitive to environmental chemicals especially during developing

period. Certain artificial chemicals such as environmental endocrine disrupters

have aversive effects on normal development of behaviors including

reward-seeking behavior through affecting hypothaloamo-amygdala-prefrontal

network. In contrast, natural environmental chemicals such as plant-derived

odors have beneficial effects on our various behaviors. Dynamic properties of

hypothalamo-amygdala-prefrontal network in reward seeking under the influence of

chemical environments will be discussed