mycotoxins,voc's

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Trichothecene Mycotoxins Activate Inflammatory Response in Human Macrophages

http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/abstract/182/10/6418

Pulmonary Responses to Stachybotrys chartarum and Its Toxins: Mouse Strain

Affects Clearance and Macrophage Cytotoxicity

http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/116/1/113.abstract

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J Environ Monit. 2009 Oct;11(10):1849-58. Epub 2009 Jul 20.

JEM Spotlight: Fungi, mycotoxins and microbial volatile organic compounds in

mouldy interiors from water-damaged buildings.

Polizzi V, Delmulle B, A, Moretti A, Susca A, Picco AM, Rosseel Y, Kindt

R, Van Bocxlaer J, De Kimpe N, Van Peteghem C, De Saeger S.

Ghent University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Food

Analysis, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.

Comment in:

J Environ Monit. 2009 Oct;11(10):1847-8.

Abstract

Concerns have been raised about exposure to mycotoxin producing fungi and the

microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) they produce in indoor

environments. Therefore, the presence of fungi and mycotoxins was investigated

in 99 samples (air, dust, wallpaper, mycelium or silicone) collected in the

mouldy interiors of seven water-damaged buildings. In addition, volatile organic

compounds (VOCs) were sampled. The mycotoxins were analysed by liquid

chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (20 target mycotoxins) and

quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). Morphological and

molecular identifications of fungi were performed. Of the 99 samples analysed,

the presence of one or more mycotoxins was shown in 62 samples by means of

LC-MS/MS analysis. The mycotoxins found were mainly roquefortine C,

chaetoglobosin A and sterigmatocystin but also roridin E, ochratoxin A,

aflatoxin B(1) and aflatoxin B(2) were detected. Q-TOF-MS analysis elucidated

the possible occurrence of another 42 different fungal metabolites. In general,

the fungi identified matched well with the mycotoxins detected. The most common

fungal species found were Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus versicolor

(group), Chaetomium spp. and Cladosporium spp. In addition, one hundred and

seventeen (M)VOCs were identified, especially linear alkanes (C(9)-C(17)),

aldehydes, aromatic compounds and monoterpenes.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19809708