Re: pathogenic vs.virulence factor

[Guest guest]

Gliotoxin Is a Virulence Factor of Aspergillus fumigatus: gliP Deletion

Attenuates Virulence in Mice Immunosuppressed

with Hydrocortisone

http://ec.asm.org/cgi/reprint/6/9/1562.pdf

Aspergillus mycotoxins and their effect on the host

Until recently, the relationship between mycotoxins

and the pathogenicity of the fungi that produce them

has received little attention. However, there are many

mycotoxins with the capability to alter the defense

system of the host, and by this immunosuppressive

activity these mycotoxins may help the fungus to

invade the host tissue by working as virulence factors.

Among mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus spp., for

example, Aspergillus flavus produces aflatoxin that

suppresses the function of macrophages [8], and

Aspergillus ochraceus produces ochratoxin that is

known to be cytotoxic to lymphocytes [8], and it

suppresses many functions of lymphocytes, monocytes,

and granulocytes [9,10

http://www.aspergillus.org.uk/secure/articles/pdfs/16110799.pdf

[Guest guest]

Mycotoxin effects on the pig immune system

The investigations described in this review clearly indicate that several

mycotoxins alter immunemediated activities in pigs. Furthermore,

mycotoxin-induced immunosuppression may result in decreased host resistance to

infectious disease

it is very probable that mycotoxins have their greatest effect on mucosal

lymphoid tissue (particularly gut and bronchial) before they are absorbed and

subsequently metabolized. Thus additional investigation of the immune effects of

inhaled mycotoxins would also be of interest because of the risk of

environmental exposure via grain dust or mold-contaminated air supplies.

http://en.engormix.com/MA-pig-industry/health/articles/mycotoxin-effects-pig-imm\

une-t107/p0.htm

>

>

>Gliotoxin Is a Virulence Factor of Aspergillus fumigatus: gliP Deletion

> Attenuates Virulence in Mice Immunosuppressed

> with Hydrocortisone

> http://ec.asm.org/cgi/reprint/6/9/1562.pdf

>

>

> Aspergillus mycotoxins and their effect on the host

>

> Until recently, the relationship between mycotoxins

> and the pathogenicity of the fungi that produce them

> has received little attention. However, there are many

> mycotoxins with the capability to alter the defense

> system of the host, and by this immunosuppressive

> activity these mycotoxins may help the fungus to

> invade the host tissue by working as virulence factors.

> Among mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus spp., for

> example, Aspergillus flavus produces aflatoxin that

> suppresses the function of macrophages [8], and

> Aspergillus ochraceus produces ochratoxin that is

> known to be cytotoxic to lymphocytes [8], and it

> suppresses many functions of lymphocytes, monocytes,

> and granulocytes [9,10

>

> http://www.aspergillus.org.uk/secure/articles/pdfs/16110799.pdf

>

[Guest guest]

You wrote: " ACOEM cant say that molds usually are not pathogenic. "

Yes, they can. this is accurate. The difference is the definition. Your lengthy,

and possibly accurate argument is not about pathogenicity - which means the

organism is living, reproducing, inside you, just like a cold. I.e, " infection " .

Whether bacterial, viral, or fungal, it is the organism survival and

reproduction inside cells, organs, or systems that is the disease.

Virulence, or toxigenicity is the effect of damaging or interfering with the

function of cells, organs or systems.

The illness-causing mechanism may be triggered by similar or even same molecules

(e.g., mycotxin or endotoxin), but the major difference is the source and path

of exposure.

>

> the ACOEM cant say that molds usually are not pathogenic.

> they fail to reconise, over and over again that theres a hudge difference

between normal exevyday exposures to molds and their byproducts and exposure in

WDB 's.

> they fail to reconize that theres much more involved in WDB exposures and that

it's the exposure to all these contaminants that makes the toxic soup mix that

we are exposed to.

> they fail to reconize the verulence of many of these contaminants and

> that host resistance only goes so far.

>

> they fail to realize that even a low dose WDB exposure is causeing a chronic

immune responce while that exposure is happening.

>

> host resistance.

>

> the tottal dose(all things envolved in a WDB exposure) of toxicity,

> can be pathogenic all by itself, and the verulance factor of things in that

WDB well help it become pathogenic if it beats out your level of resistance.

>

> it seems to me if the tottal toxicity of a WDB is bad enough that it doesn't

really have to rely on any verulence factor from some of the contaminants

involved, the immune system may just basicly go into a suppressed state, but may

have allready recieved considerable damage

> or does at this same time. but considerable damage to the mucosal lingings and

the ability of disseminated toxicity, fungal,bacterial

> all become a hudge factor here.

>

> heres the thing, exposure in a WDB does cause chronic immune system

> activation, it can be overactive, it may be suppressed, it may be bounceing

back and forth like a ping pong ball just like the TH1/TH2 balance. it all

depends on the exposure, whats all involved, dose. tottal toxicity and host

resistance.

>

> TOXICITY AND PATHOGENIC VIRULENCE FCTORS AGAINT HOST RESISTANCE.

>

> the phathogenic vs. virulence factor when it come to these WDB contaminants is

the boundry between our resistence and their ability to do some major damage.

and truely the worse a exposure is the less likely our resistance well hold up.

>

> the boundry between maybe temporarly immunocompromised during a WDB exposure

and a more permentant immunocompromised immune sysytem,

> immune disorders.

> this is when infections may accure and some may end up being a re-accureing or

tring to re-accure off and on.

> we still may be able to fight them off, or not, if not we might be in big

trouble(DEATH). just because we still can fight them off does mean our immune

systems are not damaged and causeing more damage everytime it's called on. and

this is where the macrophages on the dark side and TH17 CIRS comes in.

>

> toxins ,mycotoxins/molds/byproducts,bacterias,ect.

> can

> 1. be in a high dose exposure that basicly doesn't give you a chance to fight

it off. what happens here is a toxicity that is from maybe either or the toxins

themselfs or the toxins released by our own damaged cells. but probably more

from the straight toxicity of the contaminants in the WDB. damage to the mucosal

lingings, high dose exposures to mold proteins may cause you to become allergic,

food allergies,ect. mutiple organ and system damage has accured, you can become

highly sensitive/reactive in either/or allergic or intoleranant

> ways in many of or all of these organs.

>

> 2. or a exposure where it can work on you and may eventually

> with it's verulence factors, cause the same result.

> or may do some damage, specific organs,ect. yes the immune system is still

fighting,but is compromised because it's haveing to chronicly be fighting and

affecting certain cells. no infections or maybe infection of/in certain organs

but not dissemination through out the body and brain.

>

>

> 3. or the exposure may be compromiseing the immune system, some specific

organs may be damaged depending mainly the exposure to what.

> but you still might recover by getting out of the WDB and exactly what damages

you well suffer???

>

>

> many molds and bacteria's have developed virulence factors to help them

survive. mycotoxins are one of molds virulence factors.

> they are put out to distroy anything in the area that may harm the mold. both

molds and bacteria have developed biofilms to help with the virulence factor so

they can servive.

>

[Guest guest]

yes, your right. they are not usually pathogenic. sorry, not sure where I was

going to go with that statement, if anywhere. ?

" ACOEM cant say that molds usually are not pathogenic. "

> Yes, they can. this is accurate. The difference is the definition. Your

lengthy, and possibly accurate argument is not about pathogenicity - which means

the organism is living, reproducing, inside you, just like a cold. I.e,

" infection " . Whether bacterial, viral, or fungal, it is the organism survival

and reproduction inside cells, organs, or systems that is the disease.

> Virulence, or toxigenicity is the effect of damaging or interfering with the

function of cells, organs or systems.

> The illness-causing mechanism may be triggered by similar or even same

molecules (e.g., mycotxin or endotoxin), but the major difference is the source

and path of exposure.

>

>

[Guest guest]

Jeff, I'm going to try to refine this better, and get the correct terms in

place. so pathogenicity describes basicly reaccurance of infection after

colonization.

and dessemination would basicly discribe the process that would lead to possable

colonization. and depending on the pathways taken may be specific organ,

multi-organ or tottal organ and system involvement.

is that right?

" ACOEM cant say that molds usually are not pathogenic. "

> > Yes, they can. this is accurate. The difference is the definition. Your

lengthy, and possibly accurate argument is not about pathogenicity - which means

the organism is living, reproducing, inside you, just like a cold. I.e,

" infection " . Whether bacterial, viral, or fungal, it is the organism survival

and reproduction inside cells, organs, or systems that is the disease.

> > Virulence, or toxigenicity is the effect of damaging or interfering with the

function of cells, organs or systems.

> > The illness-causing mechanism may be triggered by similar or even same

molecules (e.g., mycotxin or endotoxin), but the major difference is the source

and path of exposure.

> >

> >

>

[Guest guest]

woops, sorry . forgot who I was talking to.

" ACOEM cant say that molds usually are not pathogenic. "

> > Yes, they can. this is accurate. The difference is the definition. Your

lengthy, and possibly accurate argument is not about pathogenicity - which means

the organism is living, reproducing, inside you, just like a cold. I.e,

" infection " . Whether bacterial, viral, or fungal, it is the organism survival

and reproduction inside cells, organs, or systems that is the disease.

> > Virulence, or toxigenicity is the effect of damaging or interfering with the

function of cells, organs or systems.

> > The illness-causing mechanism may be triggered by similar or even same

molecules (e.g., mycotxin or endotoxin), but the major difference is the source

and path of exposure.

> >

> >

>