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Different types of Creatine

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In addition to making a clear determination that it is actually creatine that is

responsible for cramping, loading is an additional issue and another one is

what kind of creatine. This study shows the effects of two different types of

creatine:

The effects of creatine pyruvate and creatine citrate on performance during high

intensity exerciseRalf Jager , Jan Metzger , Karin Lautmann , Vladimir Shushakov

, Purpura , Kurt-Reiner Geiss and Norbert Maassen

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2008,

5:4doi:10.1186/1550-2783-5-4

Published: 13 February 2008 Abstract (provisional) Background A

double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study was performed to evaluate the

effect of oral creatine pyruvate (Cr-Pyr) and creatine citrate (Cr-Cit)

supplementation on exercise performance in healthy young athletes.

Methods Performance during intermittent handgrip exercise of maximal intensity

was evaluated before (pretest) and after (posttest) 28 days of Cr-Pyr (5 g/d, n

= 16), Cr-Cit (5 g/d, n = 16) or placebo (pla, 5 g/d, n = 17) intake. Subjects

performed ten 15-sec exercise intervals, each followed by 45 sec rest periods.

Results Cr-Pyr (p<0.001) and Cr-Cit (p<0.01) significantly increased mean power

over all intervals. Cr-Cit increased force during the first and second interval

(p<0.01) compared to placebo. The effect of Cr-Cit on force decreased over time

and the improvement was not significant at the sixth and ninth interval, whereas

Cr-Pyr significantly increased force during all intervals (p<0.001). Cr-Pyr

(p<0.001) and Cr-Cit (p<0.01) resulted in an increase in contraction velocity,

whereas only Cr-Pyr intake significantly (p<0.01) increased relaxation velocity.

Oxygen consumption measured during rest periods significantly increased with

Cr-Pyr (p<0.05), whereas Cr-Cit and placebo intake did not result in significant

improvements.

Conclusion It is concluded that four weeks of Cr-Pyr and Cr-Cit intake

significantly improves performance during intermittent handgrip exercise of

maximal intensity and that Cr-Pyr might benefit endurance, due to enhanced

activity of the aerobic metabolism.

W.G.

Ubermensch Sports Consultancy

San Diego, CA

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-------------- Original message --------------

From: Ralph Giarnella

The following should contribute to this discussion.

Is it possible that what many are calling cramps is

really compartment syndrome? Read below.

Ralph Giarnella MD

Southington Ct USA

Creatine and Other Supplements

Pediatric Clinics of North America - Volume 54, Issue

4 (August 2007) - Copyright © 2007 W. B. Saunders

Company

Creatine and Other Supplements

Lattavo, DOa, & #8727;

Kopperud, MDb,c

D. , MD, MPH, FAAPc,d

There have been anecdotal reports of muscle cramps and

stiffness, musculotendinous injury, dehydration, and

heat illness, but the research to date indicates that

creatine does not increase the incidence of these

effects [4], [43], [51], [52], [53], [54]. The

incidence of musculoskeletal injuries and heat illness

actually may be decreased by creatine [54]; however,

there is evidence that creatine may increase muscle

compartmental pressures in the leg [58].

[4] Tokish J.M., Kocher M.S., Hawkins R.J.:

Ergogenic aids: a review of basic science,

performance, side effects, and status in sports. Am J

Sports Med 32. (6): 1543-1553.2004; Abstract

[43] Bemben M.G., Lamont H.S.: Creatine

supplementation and exercise performance: recent

findings. Sports Med 35. (2): 107-125.2005; Abstract

[51] Shao A., Hathcock J.N.: Risk assessment for

creatine monohydrate. Regul Toxicol

Pharmacol 45. (3): 242-251.2006; Abstract

[52] Kreider R.B., Melton C., Rasmussen C.J., et al:

Long-term creatine supplementation does not

significantly affect clinical markers of health in

athletes. Mol Cell Biochem 244. (1–2): 95-104.2003;

Abstract

[53] Schilling B.K., Stone M.H., Utter A., et al:

Creatine supplementation and health variables: a

retrospective study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33. (2):

183-188.2001; Abstract

[54] Greenwood M., Kreider R.B., Melton C., et al:

Creatine supplementation during college football

training does not increase the incidence of cramping

or injury. Mol Cell Biochem 244. (1–2): 83-88.2003;

Abstract

[58] Bizzarini E., De Angelis L.: Is the use of oral

creatine supplementation safe?. J Sports Med Phys

Fitness 44. (4): 411-416.2004; Abstract

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