Parkinson - a neurological illness for adults

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TOXIC CAUSES OF ILLNESSAMAZING to find the acceptance of chemical illness by an important PRESSURE GROUP, that of the fire fighters of America who suffer HIGH and ABNORMAL levels of PD:

We need this to INFLAME the world and lets hope this FIRE is never EXTINGUISHED.The notion that CHEMICALS are RESPONSIBLE for HIGH and ABNORMAL amounts of illness today.

TOXIC

CAUSES OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE

TOLUENE

Toluene

is a solvent that has been shown to cause Parkinson's Disease, or

that has been associated with people with Parkinson's disease.

Toluene is used as an octane booster in fuel, as a solvent in paints,

paint thinners, chemical reactions, rubber, printing, adhesives,

lacquers, leather tanning, disinfectants, and to produce phenol and

TNT (a component of explosives). It is also used as a raw material

for toluene di-isocyanate, which is used in the manufacture of

polyurethane foams.

N-HEXANE

N-hexane,

a constituent of solvents has been shown to cause parkinsonism. Most

of the n-hexane used in industry is mixed with similar chemicals

called solvents. The major use for solvents containing n-hexane is to

extract vegetable oils from crops such as soybeans. These solvents

are also used as cleaning agents in the printing, textile, furniture,

and shoe making industries, and also by chemists. Certain glues used

in the roofing, and shoe and leather industries also contain

n-hexane. Several consumer products contain n-hexane, such as

gasoline, spot removers, quick-drying glues, and also rubber cement.

CARBON

DISULFIDE

Carbon

disulfide, usually in solvents or pesticides, can cause Parkinson's

disease that is associated with other neurological symptoms. The

toxic effects can persist for years after exposure to the carbon

disulfide has ceased. Potential sources include pesticides used as

fumigants, disulfiram (a drug used in the treatment of chronic

alcoholism), industrial solvents, solvents used in the production of

viscose rayon and cellophane film. Means of toxicity is not

established. However, carbon disulphide interferes with pyridoxal

5-phosphate. Pyridoxal 5-phosphate is essential for the formation of

dopamine from L-dopa. So carbon disulphide may cause Parkinson's

disease symptoms by reducing the formation of L-dopa.

CARBON

MONOXIDE

Carbon

monoxide toxicity is frequent due to the formation of carbon monoxide

by very common means such as gas cookers and exhaust fumes. However,

it normally requires severe exposure (e.g. the person going into a

coma as a result of the carbon monoxide poisoning) before symptoms of

Parkinson's disease develop. Carbon monoxide causes hemoglobin (which

transports oxygen) to turn in to carboxyhemoglobin (which does not

transport oxygen). Oxygen is required for the formation of L-dopa. So

carbon monoxide may cause Parkinson's disease symptoms by interfering

with the availability of oxygen to the brain.

MERCURY

Mercury

toxicity is a known cause of symptoms that mimic Parkinson's disease,

especially tremor. One of the chief targets of the toxin is the

enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). The enzyme is irreversibly

inhibited by several mercury compounds, the lipoic acid component of

the multienzyme complex binds mercury compounds tightly and thus

inhibits PDH. However, the cause of the symptoms of Parkinson's

disease is likely to be due to the fact that mercury potently causes

the release of dopamine, thereby lowering dopamine levels. Mercury is

found in a wide variety of sources: dietary fish intake, ethnic

over-the-counter medications, occupational exposures to mercury

vapour, possession of dental amalgam fillings, gold production, skin

ointment, some soaps.

CYANIDE

Cyanide,

usually from the consumption of potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide

can result in Parkinsonism. Cyanide is also produced by certain

bacteria, fungi, and algae, and are found in a number of foods and

plants, such as unprocessed cassava, cherry pits, apricot pits,

bitter almonds. Hydrogen cyanide is contained in vehicle exhaust and

in tobacco smoke, as does burning plastic. Cyanides are also found in

gold processing. Cyanide interrupts the electron transport chain in

the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Cyanide also occupies the

place of oxygen in hemoglobin (which transports oxygen). Oxygen is

required for the formation of L-dopa. So carbon monoxide may cause

Parkinson's disease symptoms by interfering with the availability of

oxygen to the brain.

COPPER

Copper

accumulates in 's disease, which is associated with Parkinson's

disease. Although copper may cause symptoms by other means, there do

not appear to be published studies in which copper has otherwise

caused Parkinson's disease. This may be because copper is not

normally formed in to a vapour or dust that can readily be inhaled or

consumed. Copper can be found in high quantities in copper mines,

copper cooking pots, copper plumbing, very excessive consumption of

copper nutritional supplements. Excess copper can cause the formation

of a copper-dopamine complex, which leads to the oxidation of

dopamine to aminochrome.

LEAD

Prolonged

exposure to lead can double the likelihood of developing Parkinson’s

Disease. Common means of lead poisoning are lead contaminated soil,

and ingestion of lead dust or chips from deteriorating lead-based

paints. Lead has also been found in drinking water, from plumbing and

fixtures that are either made of lead or have trace amounts of lead

in them. Lead can be found in cosmetics in some countries, and in

toys such as many from China. Due to the similarity of their

structures, lead can inadvertently replace iron in enzymatic

reactions, but it does not properly function as a cofactor. This

might cause a reduction in L-dopa because iron is an essential

cofactor for L-dopa formation. Lead can also interfere with oxygen

transport by reducing hemoglobin biosynthesis.

PARAQUAT

Paraquat

is a quaternary ammonium herbicide. Other members of this class

include diquat, cyperquat, diethamquat, difenzoquat and morfamquat.

Pesticides are known to be associated with an increased rate of

Parkinson's Disease. Paraquat structurally resembles MPTP and its

metabolite MPP+. MPTP and MPP+ are neurotoxic chemicals, that induce

Parkinson's Disease in exposed humans. Paraquat might therefore

might, as do MPTP and MPP+ inhibit tyrosine hydroxylation, which is

essential for the formation of dopamine.

ROTENONE

Rotenone

is an insecticide that has the potential to cause Parkinson's

disease. Insecticides are also known to affect well water. Rotenone

is commonly used in powdered form to treat parasitic mites on

chickens and other fowl, and so can be found in poultry. Rotenone is

produced by extraction from the roots, seeds, and leaves of certain

tropical legumes. Rotenone inhibits tyrosine hydroxylation, which is

essential for the formation of dopamine. So rotenone could cause

Parkinson's disease by lowering dopamine levels. When given

intravenously to mice, rotenone has been demonstrated to cause a

model of Parkinson's disease. Rotenone toxicity is also caused by

complex I inhibition, depletion of cellular and oxidative damage.

These processes cause loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, leading

to depletion of dopamine in the brain.TOXIC CAUSES OF ILLNESS