Low-Carb Diet Effective At Lowering Blood Pressure

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Low-Carb Diet Effective At Lowering Blood Pressure

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/177121.php

In a head-to-head comparison, two popular weight loss methods proved equally

effective at helping participants lose significant amounts of weight. But, in a

surprising twist, a low-carbohydrate diet proved better at lowering blood

pressure than the weight-loss drug orlistat, according to researchers at

Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center.

The findings send an important message to hypertensive people trying to lose

weight, says S. Yancy, Jr., MD, lead author of the study in the Jan. 25

Archives of Internal Medicine, and an associate professor of medicine at Duke.

" If people have high blood pressure and a weight problem, a low-carbohydrate

diet might be a better option than a weight loss medication. "

Yancy added, " It's important to know you can try a diet instead of medication

and get the same weight loss results with fewer costs and potentially fewer side

effects. "

Studies had already indicated that a low-carbohydrate diet and

prescription-strength orlistat combined with a low-fat diet are effective weight

loss therapies. But the two common strategies had not been compared to each

other, an important omission now that orlistat is available over-the-counter. In

addition, few studies provide data on these treatments for overweight patients

with chronic health issues.

That's what made these findings particularly interesting, says Yancy, a staff

physician at the Durham VA where the research was conducted. The 146 overweight

participants in the year-long study had a range of health problems typically

associated with obesity -- diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and

arthritis.

" Most participants in weight loss studies are healthy and don't have these

problems, " he said. " In fact they are often excluded if they do. "

The average weight loss for both groups was nearly 10 percent of their body

weight. " Not many studies are able to achieve that, " says Yancy, who attributes

the significant weight loss to the group counseling that was offered for 48

weeks. In fact, he says " people tolerated orlistat better than I expected.

Orlistat use is often limited by gastro-intestinal side effects, but these can

be avoided, or at least lessened, by following a low-fat diet closely. We

counseled people on orlistat in our study fairly extensively about the low-fat

diet. "

In addition to achieving equal success at weight loss, the methods proved

equally effective at improving cholesterol and glucose levels.

But Yancy said it was the difference in blood pressure results that was most

surprising.

Nearly half (47%) of patients in the low-carbohydrate group had their blood

pressure medication decreased or discontinued while only 21 percent of the

orlistat plus low-fat diet group experienced a reduction in medication use.

Systolic blood pressure dropped considerably in the low-carbohydrate group when

compared to the orlistat plus low-fat diet group.

" I expected the weight loss to be considerable with both therapies but we were

surprised to see blood pressure improve so much more with the low-carbohydrate

diet than with orlistat, " says Yancy, who says the mechanism is unclear. " While

weight loss typically induces improvements in blood pressure, it may be that the

low-carbohydrate diet has an additional effect. " That physiologic effect may be

the subject of future studies.

The bottom line, says Yancy, is that many diet options are proving effective at

weight loss. But it's counseling patients on how to best follow the options that

appears to be making the biggest impact. " It is clear now that several diet

options can work, so people can be given a choice of different ways to lose

weight. But more importantly, we need to find new ways to help people maintain

their new lifestyle. "