Slow Breathing Reduces Pain

January 22, 2010

Research performed by a scientist at Barrow Neurological Institute at St.

ph's Hospital and Medical Center has shown that controlled breathing at a

slowed rate can significantly reduce feelings of pain.

Chronic pain sufferers, specifically fibromyalgia (FM) patients, also reported

less pain while breathing slowly, unless they were overwhelmed by negative

feelings, sadness or depression.

The research was led by Arthur (Bud) Craig, PhD, at Barrow, and was done in

collaboration with investigators in the Department of Psychology at Arizona

State University. It was published recently in PAIN, the refereed journal of the

International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). The findings offer an

explanation for prior reports that mindful Zen meditation has beneficial effects

on pain and that yogic breathing exercises can reduce feelings of depression.

These results also underline the role that a person's positive or negative

attitude can have on their feelings of pain.

The study involved two groups of women aged 45 to 65. One group was composed of

women previously diagnosed with fibromyalgia, and the other group was " healthy

controls. "

During the trial, participants were subjected to moderately painful heat pulses

on their palms. The heat pulses were administered while they were breathing at

normal rates and when participants reduced their breathing rates by 50 percent.

After each heat pulse, participants were asked to report their feelings three

ways: how strong the pain was (pain intensity), how uncomfortable it was (pain

unpleasantness) and how their mood varied (affect).

The researchers analyzed the participants' ratings of pain intensity and

unpleasantness and found an overall reduction in reported pain when the healthy

control participants were paced to breathe slowly. However, fibromyalgia

patients benefited from slow breathing only if they reported positive affect.

Other studies have shown that depression is a hallmark of fibromyalgia and that

the connection between pain and emotion is particularly evident in people

diagnosed with the fibromyalgia syndrome.

Results of the Barrow study showed that FM patients as a whole did not show a

lessening of pain when breathing slowly, but those FM patients with strong

positive affect as a trait (meaning it is an aspect of their personality, not

simply the situation) did show some improvement. " This fits with the idea that

FM patients in general have low positive affect, or energy reserves. Those who

do have some positive energy left in their " mental battery " can use it to reduce

pain by breathing slowly, just like healthy normals, " says Dr. Craig.

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