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Stem Cells: Overview of the Current Status of Therapies for Central + Peripheria

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Curr Med Chem. 2010 Jan 21

Stem Cells: An Overview of the Current Status of Therapies for Central and

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases.

Orlacchio A, Bernardi G, Orlacchio A, o S.

Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC),

Istituto di Ricovero e Cura, a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, 64 Via

del Fosso di Fiorano, 00143, Rome, Italy.

In regenerative medicine, stem cells are currently considered ideal candidates

for the treatment of diseases and injuries of the nervous system, for which, at

present, there are no effective treatments. Promising results have been shown by

clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's diseases, but

also for demyelinising disorders and traumatic lesions of the brain and spinal

cord.

The proof-of-principle is that the replacement of damaged cells and the

restoration of function can be accomplished by the transplantation of embryonic

or adult stem cells. Advancements in stem cell biology were recently propelled

by the ability to generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from fibroblasts

of several neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Parkinson's and Huntington's

diseases, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Spinal Muscular Atrophy).

In this review, we discuss the molecular basis of stem cell therapy and the

advancement of research on regenerative medicine for diseases and injuries of

the nervous system.

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