Re: Lack of Exercise Explains Depression-Heart Link

[Guest guest]

:

Our Curves research that involves circuit resistance training in sedentary and

overweight women has consistently seen improvements in measures of quality of

life, self-esteem, body image, etc (see abstracts below from the 2007 FASEB

conference). I believe the difference between this approach and traditional

training settings is that the Curves facilities are for women only so they form

friendships and a caring support network where they motivate one another to

achieve results. You can learn more about this research at

http://curves.tamu.edu. We also have a great chapter entitle " The Will to

Change " in our new book Exercise & Sport Nutrition: Principles, Promises,

Science & Recommendations (available at www.exerciseandsportnutrition.com or

www.amazon.com).

Good luck,

Rick Kreider

Professor & Head

Director, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab

A. and Joan Read Endowed Chair for Disadvantaged Youth

Department of Health & Kinesiology

Texas A & M University

http://esnl.tamu.edu

T Harvey, E Nassar, R Bowden, M , L Long, J Opusunju, B Lanning, J

Beckham-Dove, J Wismann, M Galbreath, B , C Kerksick, P La Bounty, M

Ferreira, C Wilborn, J Crixell, M Iosia, M Cooke, C Rasmussen, R Kreider.

Effects of the Curves® fitness & weight loss program VI: quality of life. FASEB

J. 2007 21:lb 231

287 sedentary women (48±10 yrs, 164±7 cm; 91±16 kg; 45±4% body fat) were

assigned to an exercise & no diet group (E); an exercise & high calorie diet

(HCD) group (2,600 kcals/d for 1 wk at 55% C, 15% P, 30% F; 9 wks at 40% C, 30%

P, 30% F; 4 wks at 55% C, 15% P, 30% F); or, a low calorie high carbohydrate

(HCHO), high protein (HP), or very high protein (VHP) diet. Diets consisted of

1,200 kcal/d for 1-wk and 1,600 kcal/d for 9 wks and contained 30% fat, 40-55%

CHO on the HCD and HCHO diets and 50-63% P on the HP and VHP diets. Subjects

then ingested 2,600 kcal/d and dieted for 2-d (1,200 kcal/d) only if they gained

3 lbs during a 4-wk maintenance phase. Subjects participated in a supervised

Curves fitness circuit training program 3 d/wk. The SF-36 Quality of Life (QOL)

inventory was administered at 0, 10, and 14 wks. Data were analyzed by repeated

measures ANOVA and are presented as means ± SD changes from baseline after 10

and 14 wks, respectively. Results revealed that physical functioning (29.6±141,

24.4±122 %, p=0.002), social functioning (11.1±56, 11.1±69 %, p=0.005), vitality

(25.5±88, 23.0±91 %, p=0.001), and mental health (8.5±27, 7.3±28 %, p=0.001)

scores significantly increased over time in all groups. Bodily pain (32.2±296,

28.6±297 %, p=0.23), general health (3.0±163, -21.7±271 %, p=0.58), role

physical (-4.1±56, -0.2±58 %, p=0.12), and role emotional scores (0.9±59, 3.0±60

%, p=0.79) were not significantly changed over time. No significant interactions

were observed among groups with the exception that role physical scores

decreased to a greater degree in the HP group. These findings indicate that the

Curves fitness and weight loss program improves select markers of QOL.

Supported in part by Curves International

M , B Lanning, E Nassar, L Long, J Opusunju, R Bowden, J Beckham-Dove, J

Wismann, M Galbreath, B , T Harvey, C Kerksick, P La Bounty, M Ferreira,

C Wilborn, J Crixell, M Iosia, M Cooke, C Rasmussen, R Kreider. Effects of the

Curves® fitness & weight loss program VII: body image & self esteem. FASEB J.

2007 21:lb 233

287 sedentary women (48±10 yrs, 164±7 cm; 91±16 kg; 45±4% body fat) were

assigned to an exercise & no diet group (E); an exercise & high calorie diet

(HCD) group (2,600 kcals/d for 1 wk at 55% C, 15% P, 30% F; 9 wks at 40% C, 30%

P, 30% F; 4 wks at 55% C, 15% P, 30% F); or, a low calorie high carbohydrate

(HCHO), high protein (HP), or very high protein (VHP) diet. Diets consisted of

1,200 kcal/d for 1-wk and 1,600 kcal/d for 9 wks and contained 30% fat, 40-55%

CHO on the HCD and HCHO diets and 50-63% P on the HP and VHP diets. Subjects

then ingested 2,600 kcal/d and dieted for 2-d (1,200 kcal/d) only if they gained

3 lbs during a 4-wk maintenance phase. Subjects participated in a supervised

Curves fitness circuit training program 3 d/wk. The Social Physique Anxiety

(SPA) scale, a Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE), and a Cash Body Image

Questionnaire were obtained at 0, 10, and 14 wks. Data were analyzed by repeated

measures ANOVA and are presented as means ± SD changes after 10 and 14 wks,

respectively. Results revealed that appearance evaluation (18.9±39, 19.5±34 %,

p=0.001), body area satisfaction (13.9±29, 15.8±31 %, p=0.001), and overweight

preoccupation (18.6±67, 15.8±74 %, p=0.005) significantly increased with no

differences among groups. Self-Classified-Weight scores (-2.5±36, -7.3±27 %,

p=0.001) significantly decreased with no differences among groups. Appearance

orientation (-0.5±18, 0.6±16 %, p=0.63), total RSE (7.4±24, 6.1±59 %, p=0.20),

and SPA (1.5±26, -0.7±25 %, p=0.68) scores were unchanged. Results indicate that

participation in the Curves fitness and weight loss program improves some

aspects of body image and self-esteem.

Supported in part by Curves International

________________________________

From: Supertraining on behalf of ,

Sent: Wed 11/26/2008 3:05 PM

To: Supertraining

Subject: RE: Lack of Exercise Explains Depression-Heart Link

I'm printing this out and showing it to my wife. Every since I met her I have

noticed a definite tendency toward depression, and while it was on-and-off

before, it's gotten worse of late. She is seriously inactive now and her

bodyweight is on the rise, which depresses her further. She can't motivate

herself to exercise, has no real hobbies or interests, and eats junk all the

time. She vegetates in front of the television for hours. Yesterday she stayed

home by herself, and upon coming back from work I was surprised to find that she

had spent the entire day in bed, watching TV or surfing the Internet, and doing

absolutely nothing else, not even washing the dishes she used for her meals.

That's so unlike her!

Pérez

Reynosa, Mexico

________________________________

From: Supertraining <mailto:Supertraining%40yahoogroups.com>

[mailto:Supertraining <mailto:Supertraining%40yahoogroups.com> ]

On Behalf Of carruthersjam

Sent: Wednesday, November 26, 2008 2:41 PM

To: Supertraining <mailto:Supertraining%40yahoogroups.com>

Subject: Lack of Exercise Explains Depression-Heart Link

The below may be of interest:

Lack of Exercise Explains Depression-Heart Link

http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-explains-

<http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-explains->

<http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-explains-

<http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-explains-> >

depression-heart-link/

For years cardiologists and mental health experts have known that

depression raises risk for heart attack by 50 percent or more.

But what hasn't been clear is why depressed people have more heart

problems. Does depression cause some biological change that increases

risk? Does the inflammatory process that leads to heart disease also

trigger depression?

The answer may be far simpler. A new study suggests that people who

are depressed are simply less likely to exercise, a finding that

explains their dramatically higher risk for heart problems.

Researchers, led by doctors from the Veterans Affairs Medical Center

in San Francisco, recruited 1,017 participants with heart disease to

track their health and lifestyle habits. As they expected, those

patients who had symptoms of depression fared worse. About 10 percent

of depressed heart patients had additional heart problems, during the

study, compared with 6.7 percent of the other patients. After

controlling for other illnesses and the severity of heart disease,

the finding translates to a 31 percent higher risk of heart problems

among the depressed people, according to the study published this

week in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

But once the researchers factored in the effect of exercise, the

difference in risk among depressed people disappeared. In the same

study, patients who didn't exercise, whether or not they were

depressed, had a 44 percent higher risk of heart problems, after

controlling for a variety of factors including medication adherence,

smoking and other illnesses.

The findings are important because some earlier studies have

suggested a link between antidepressant use and lower heart risk. The

explanation may be that patients who take antidepressants start to

feel better and take care of themselves, adopting healthy behaviors

including exercise. In a study of nearly 2,500 heart-attack patients,

published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in June

2003, behavioral therapy to treat depression didn't change survival

rates compared with patients who received regular care. But among

about 20 percent of patients in the study who ended up on

antidepressants, the risk of dying or suffering a second nonfatal

heart attack was 42 percent lower. Another study, called Sadheart

(which stands for Sertraline Antidepressant Heart Attack Randomized

Trial) showed the death rate from heart-related problems was 20

percent lower among patients taking the drug, although the data

weren't statistically significant.

The research suggests that doctors treating patients for depression

should also talk to them about their lifestyle habits, and encourage

them to exercise. The findings, say the researchers, suggest that the

heart problems associated with depression " could potentially be

preventable. "

The evidence that health behaviors fully explain the link between

depression and heart disease in this study is convincing, says Dr.

A. Whooley, professor of medicine, epidemiology and

biostatistics at the University of California, San Francisco.

However, she notes the study is limited to older men with stable

coronary disease, and as a result, more study is needed of women and

other patients with heart disease.

It remains an open question whether the study findings will change

the way doctors counsel their patients. " The clinical practice

question is a challenging one, " says Dr. Whooley. " It's easy for us

to tell patients to exercise, take their medicines, and refrain from

smoking, but actually changing health behaviors is very difficult. "

=================

[Guest guest]

,

I am told that Curves gyms are equiped with iso-kinetic exercise equipment that

offers concentric-concentric resistance and that the resistance is based on how

hard the trainee pushes or pulls?  Is that correct?

How would you compare the results vs. concentric-eccentric training?  Is there

any concern about trainees not pushing or pulling their hardest?  Can they still

get results if they don't do it their hardest?  What kind of feedback do the

machines provide the trainees?

Thanks,

Ed White

Sandwich, MA USA

=================================

Subject: RE: Lack of Exercise Explains Depression-Heart Link

To: Supertraining

Date: Thursday, November 27, 2008, 8:25 AM

:

Our Curves research that involves circuit resistance training in sedentary and

overweight women has consistently seen improvements in measures of quality of

life, self-esteem, body image, etc (see abstracts below from the 2007 FASEB

conference). I believe the difference between this approach and traditional

training settings is that the Curves facilities are for women only so they form

friendships and a caring support network where they motivate one another to

achieve results. You can learn more about this research at http://curves.

tamu.edu. We also have a great chapter entitle " The Will to Change " in our new

book Exercise & Sport Nutrition: Principles, Promises, Science & Recommendations

(available at www.exerciseandspor tnutrition. com or www.amazon.com) .

Good luck,

Rick Kreider

Professor & Head

Director, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab

A. and Joan Read Endowed Chair for Disadvantaged Youth

Department of Health & Kinesiology

Texas A & M University

http://esnl. tamu.edu

T Harvey, E Nassar, R Bowden, M , L Long, J Opusunju, B Lanning, J

Beckham-Dove, J Wismann, M Galbreath, B , C Kerksick, P La Bounty, M

Ferreira, C Wilborn, J Crixell, M Iosia, M Cooke, C Rasmussen, R Kreider.

Effects of the Curves® fitness & weight loss program VI: quality of life. FASEB

J. 2007 21:lb 231

287 sedentary women (48±10 yrs, 164±7 cm; 91±16 kg; 45±4% body fat) were

assigned to an exercise & no diet group (E); an exercise & high calorie diet

(HCD) group (2,600 kcals/d for 1 wk at 55% C, 15% P, 30% F; 9 wks at 40% C, 30%

P, 30% F; 4 wks at 55% C, 15% P, 30% F); or, a low calorie high carbohydrate

(HCHO), high protein (HP), or very high protein (VHP) diet. Diets consisted of

1,200 kcal/d for 1-wk and 1,600 kcal/d for 9 wks and contained 30% fat, 40-55%

CHO on the HCD and HCHO diets and 50-63% P on the HP and VHP diets. Subjects

then ingested 2,600 kcal/d and dieted for 2-d (1,200 kcal/d) only if they gained

3 lbs during a 4-wk maintenance phase. Subjects participated in a supervised

Curves fitness circuit training program 3 d/wk. The SF-36 Quality of Life (QOL)

inventory was administered at 0, 10, and 14 wks. Data were analyzed by repeated

measures ANOVA and are presented as means ± SD changes from baseline after 10

and 14 wks,

respectively. Results revealed that physical functioning (29.6±141, 24.4±122 %,

p=0.002), social functioning (11.1±56, 11.1±69 %, p=0.005), vitality (25.5±88,

23.0±91 %, p=0.001), and mental health (8.5±27, 7.3±28 %, p=0.001) scores

significantly increased over time in all groups. Bodily pain (32.2±296, 28.6±297

%, p=0.23), general health (3.0±163, -21.7±271 %, p=0.58), role physical

(-4.1±56, -0.2±58 %, p=0.12), and role emotional scores (0.9±59, 3.0±60 %,

p=0.79) were not significantly changed over time. No significant interactions

were observed among groups with the exception that role physical scores

decreased to a greater degree in the HP group. These findings indicate that the

Curves fitness and weight loss program improves select markers of QOL.

Supported in part by Curves International

M , B Lanning, E Nassar, L Long, J Opusunju, R Bowden, J Beckham-Dove, J

Wismann, M Galbreath, B , T Harvey, C Kerksick, P La Bounty, M Ferreira,

C Wilborn, J Crixell, M Iosia, M Cooke, C Rasmussen, R Kreider. Effects of the

Curves® fitness & weight loss program VII: body image & self esteem. FASEB J.

2007 21:lb 233

287 sedentary women (48±10 yrs, 164±7 cm; 91±16 kg; 45±4% body fat) were

assigned to an exercise & no diet group (E); an exercise & high calorie diet

(HCD) group (2,600 kcals/d for 1 wk at 55% C, 15% P, 30% F; 9 wks at 40% C, 30%

P, 30% F; 4 wks at 55% C, 15% P, 30% F); or, a low calorie high carbohydrate

(HCHO), high protein (HP), or very high protein (VHP) diet. Diets consisted of

1,200 kcal/d for 1-wk and 1,600 kcal/d for 9 wks and contained 30% fat, 40-55%

CHO on the HCD and HCHO diets and 50-63% P on the HP and VHP diets. Subjects

then ingested 2,600 kcal/d and dieted for 2-d (1,200 kcal/d) only if they gained

3 lbs during a 4-wk maintenance phase. Subjects participated in a supervised

Curves fitness circuit training program 3 d/wk. The Social Physique Anxiety

(SPA) scale, a Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE), and a Cash Body Image

Questionnaire were obtained at 0, 10, and 14 wks. Data were analyzed by repeated

measures ANOVA and are

presented as means ± SD changes after 10 and 14 wks, respectively. Results

revealed that appearance evaluation (18.9±39, 19.5±34 %, p=0.001), body area

satisfaction (13.9±29, 15.8±31 %, p=0.001), and overweight preoccupation

(18.6±67, 15.8±74 %, p=0.005) significantly increased with no differences among

groups. Self-Classified- Weight scores (-2.5±36, -7.3±27 %, p=0.001)

significantly decreased with no differences among groups. Appearance orientation

(-0.5±18, 0.6±16 %, p=0.63), total RSE (7.4±24, 6.1±59 %, p=0.20), and SPA

(1.5±26, -0.7±25 %, p=0.68) scores were unchanged. Results indicate that

participation in the Curves fitness and weight loss program improves some

aspects of body image and self-esteem.

Supported in part by Curves International

____________ _________ _________ __

From: Supertraining@ yahoogroups. com on behalf of ,

Sent: Wed 11/26/2008 3:05 PM

To: Supertraining@ yahoogroups. com

Subject: RE: Lack of Exercise Explains Depression-Heart Link

I'm printing this out and showing it to my wife. Every since I met her I have

noticed a definite tendency toward depression, and while it was on-and-off

before, it's gotten worse of late. She is seriously inactive now and her

bodyweight is on the rise, which depresses her further. She can't motivate

herself to exercise, has no real hobbies or interests, and eats junk all the

time. She vegetates in front of the television for hours. Yesterday she stayed

home by herself, and upon coming back from work I was surprised to find that she

had spent the entire day in bed, watching TV or surfing the Internet, and doing

absolutely nothing else, not even washing the dishes she used for her meals.

That's so unlike her!

Pérez

Reynosa, Mexico

____________ _________ _________ __

From: Supertraining@ yahoogroups. com <mailto:Supertraini ng%40yahoogroups .com>

[mailto:Supertraining@ yahoogroups. com <mailto:Supertraini ng%40yahoogroups

..com> ] On Behalf Of carruthersjam

Sent: Wednesday, November 26, 2008 2:41 PM

To: Supertraining@ yahoogroups. com <mailto:Supertraini ng%40yahoogroups .com>

Subject: Lack of Exercise Explains Depression-Heart Link

The below may be of interest:

Lack of Exercise Explains Depression-Heart Link

http://well. blogs.nytimes. com/2008/ 11/26/lack- of-exercise- explains-

<http://well. blogs.nytimes. com/2008/ 11/26/lack- of-exercise- explains->

<http://well. blogs.nytimes. com/2008/ 11/26/lack- of-exercise- explains-

<http://well. blogs.nytimes. com/2008/ 11/26/lack- of-exercise- explains-> >

depression-heart- link/

For years cardiologists and mental health experts have known that

depression raises risk for heart attack by 50 percent or more.

But what hasn't been clear is why depressed people have more heart

problems. Does depression cause some biological change that increases

risk? Does the inflammatory process that leads to heart disease also

trigger depression?

The answer may be far simpler. A new study suggests that people who

are depressed are simply less likely to exercise, a finding that

explains their dramatically higher risk for heart problems.

Researchers, led by doctors from the Veterans Affairs Medical Center

in San Francisco, recruited 1,017 participants with heart disease to

track their health and lifestyle habits. As they expected, those

patients who had symptoms of depression fared worse. About 10 percent

of depressed heart patients had additional heart problems, during the

study, compared with 6.7 percent of the other patients. After

controlling for other illnesses and the severity of heart disease,

the finding translates to a 31 percent higher risk of heart problems

among the depressed people, according to the study published this

week in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

But once the researchers factored in the effect of exercise, the

difference in risk among depressed people disappeared. In the same

study, patients who didn't exercise, whether or not they were

depressed, had a 44 percent higher risk of heart problems, after

controlling for a variety of factors including medication adherence,

smoking and other illnesses.

The findings are important because some earlier studies have

suggested a link between antidepressant use and lower heart risk. The

explanation may be that patients who take antidepressants start to

feel better and take care of themselves, adopting healthy behaviors

including exercise. In a study of nearly 2,500 heart-attack patients,

published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in June

2003, behavioral therapy to treat depression didn't change survival

rates compared with patients who received regular care. But among

about 20 percent of patients in the study who ended up on

antidepressants, the risk of dying or suffering a second nonfatal

heart attack was 42 percent lower. Another study, called Sadheart

(which stands for Sertraline Antidepressant Heart Attack Randomized

Trial) showed the death rate from heart-related problems was 20

percent lower among patients taking the drug, although the data

weren't statistically significant.

The research suggests that doctors treating patients for depression

should also talk to them about their lifestyle habits, and encourage

them to exercise. The findings, say the researchers, suggest that the

heart problems associated with depression " could potentially be

preventable. "

The evidence that health behaviors fully explain the link between

depression and heart disease in this study is convincing, says Dr.

A. Whooley, professor of medicine, epidemiology and

biostatistics at the University of California, San Francisco.

However, she notes the study is limited to older men with stable

coronary disease, and as a result, more study is needed of women and

other patients with heart disease.

It remains an open question whether the study findings will change

the way doctors counsel their patients. " The clinical practice

question is a challenging one, " says Dr. Whooley. " It's easy for us

to tell patients to exercise, take their medicines, and refrain from

smoking, but actually changing health behaviors is very difficult. "

============ =====

[Guest guest]

My current research project (for my undergrad honours degree in

kinesiology) explores motivations for physical activity. Most people

know the benefits of exercise and the majority of adult Canadians try

to be more active - and yet the percentage of people who are not

active enough for health benefits increases (all studies based on

Canadians, but I expect it is similar in other western countries). The

question is - what are we missing? I'm exploring the role of normative

social influences on physical activity.

To me its a huge issue. People intend to be more active - they try -

they understand the benefit - and yet they are unable to change

behaviour. Why? I've got a population of 320 office workers that we

are exposing to three information conditions (plus a control

condition) to try and see what actually changes behaviour. The control

is simply to inform on physical activity, with three motivations added

for the other groups. One group gets a health motivation, another

appearance and the third a social normative motivation. Could be

interesting to see what actually changes behaviour.

The idea is similar to the music concert. At the end everyone

applauds. If you ask them " what motivated you to applaud " the majority

would identify something like " loved the music " or " appreciated the

talent " . But the reality is the majority of people applauded because

everyone else was. Social normative behaviour. No one would identify

this, but in reality it is the motivator. ie. Nobody stands and

applauds after listening to a music cd. Well, maybe a few. But you get

the idea.

Hobman

Saskatoon, Canada

> :

>

> Our Curves research that involves circuit resistance training in

> sedentary and overweight women has consistently seen improvements in

> measures of quality of life, self-esteem, body image, etc (see

> abstracts below from the 2007 FASEB conference). I believe the

> difference between this approach and traditional training settings

> is that the Curves facilities are for women only so they form

> friendships and a caring support network where they motivate one

> another to achieve results. You can learn more about this research

> at http://curves.tamu.edu.We also have a great chapter entitle " The

> Will to Change " in our new book Exercise & Sport Nutrition:

> Principles, Promises, Science & Recommendations (available at

www.exerciseandsportnutrition.com

> or www.amazon.com).

>

> Good luck,

>

> Rick Kreider

> Professor & Head

> Director, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab

> A. and Joan Read Endowed Chair for Disadvantaged Youth

> Department of Health & Kinesiology

> Texas A & M University

> http://esnl.tamu.edu

>

>

>

> T Harvey, E Nassar, R Bowden, M , L Long, J Opusunju, B

> Lanning, J Beckham-Dove, J Wismann, M Galbreath, B , C

> Kerksick, P La Bounty, M Ferreira, C Wilborn, J Crixell, M Iosia, M

> Cooke, C Rasmussen, R Kreider. Effects of the Curves® fitness &

> weight loss program VI: quality of life. FASEB J. 2007 21:lb 231

>

> 287 sedentary women (48±10 yrs, 164±7 cm; 91±16 kg; 45±4% body fat)

> were assigned to an exercise & no diet group (E); an exercise & high

> calorie diet (HCD) group (2,600 kcals/d for 1 wk at 55% C, 15% P,

> 30% F; 9 wks at 40% C, 30% P, 30% F; 4 wks at 55% C, 15% P, 30% F);

> or, a low calorie high carbohydrate (HCHO), high protein (HP), or

> very high protein (VHP) diet. Diets consisted of 1,200 kcal/d for 1-

> wk and 1,600 kcal/d for 9 wks and contained 30% fat, 40-55% CHO on

> the HCD and HCHO diets and 50-63% P on the HP and VHP diets.

> Subjects then ingested 2,600 kcal/d and dieted for 2-d (1,200 kcal/

> d) only if they gained 3 lbs during a 4-wk maintenance phase.

> Subjects participated in a supervised Curves fitness circuit

> training program 3 d/wk. The SF-36 Quality of Life (QOL) inventory

> was administered at 0, 10, and 14 wks. Data were analyzed by

> repeated measures ANOVA and are presented as means ± SD changes from

> baseline after 10 and 14 wks, respectively. Results revealed that

> physical functioning (29.6±141, 24.4±122 %, p=0.002), social

> functioning (11.1±56, 11.1±69 %, p=0.005), vitality (25.5±88,

> 23.0±91 %, p=0.001), and mental health (8.5±27, 7.3±28 %, p=0.001)

> scores significantly increased over time in all groups. Bodily pain

> (32.2±296, 28.6±297 %, p=0.23), general health (3.0±163, -21.7±271

> %, p=0.58), role physical (-4.1±56, -0.2±58 %, p=0.12), and role

> emotional scores (0.9±59, 3.0±60 %, p=0.79) were not significantly

> changed over time. No significant interactions were observed among

> groups with the exception that role physical scores decreased to a

> greater degree in the HP group. These findings indicate that the

> Curves fitness and weight loss program improves select markers of QOL.

> Supported in part by Curves International

>

> M , B Lanning, E Nassar, L Long, J Opusunju, R Bowden, J

> Beckham-Dove, J Wismann, M Galbreath, B , T Harvey, C

> Kerksick, P La Bounty, M Ferreira, C Wilborn, J Crixell, M Iosia, M

> Cooke, C Rasmussen, R Kreider. Effects of the Curves® fitness &

> weight loss program VII: body image & self esteem. FASEB J. 2007

> 21:lb 233

>

> 287 sedentary women (48±10 yrs, 164±7 cm; 91±16 kg; 45±4% body fat)

> were assigned to an exercise & no diet group (E); an exercise & high

> calorie diet (HCD) group (2,600 kcals/d for 1 wk at 55% C, 15% P,

> 30% F; 9 wks at 40% C, 30% P, 30% F; 4 wks at 55% C, 15% P, 30% F);

> or, a low calorie high carbohydrate (HCHO), high protein (HP), or

> very high protein (VHP) diet. Diets consisted of 1,200 kcal/d for 1-

> wk and 1,600 kcal/d for 9 wks and contained 30% fat, 40-55% CHO on

> the HCD and HCHO diets and 50-63% P on the HP and VHP diets.

> Subjects then ingested 2,600 kcal/d and dieted for 2-d (1,200 kcal/

> d) only if they gained 3 lbs during a 4-wk maintenance phase.

> Subjects participated in a supervised Curves fitness circuit

> training program 3 d/wk. The Social Physique Anxiety (SPA) scale, a

> Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE), and a Cash Body Image

> Questionnaire were obtained at 0, 10, and 14 wks. Data were analyzed

> by repeated measures ANOVA and are presented as means ± SD changes

> after 10 and 14 wks, respectively. Results revealed that appearance

> evaluation (18.9±39, 19.5±34 %, p=0.001), body area satisfaction

> (13.9±29, 15.8±31 %, p=0.001), and overweight preoccupation

> (18.6±67, 15.8±74 %, p=0.005) significantly increased with no

> differences among groups. Self-Classified-Weight scores (-2.5±36,

> -7.3±27 %, p=0.001) significantly decreased with no differences

> among groups. Appearance orientation (-0.5±18, 0.6±16 %, p=0.63),

> total RSE (7.4±24, 6.1±59 %, p=0.20), and SPA (1.5±26, -0.7±25 %,

> p=0.68) scores were unchanged. Results indicate that participation

> in the Curves fitness and weight loss program improves some aspects

> of body image and self-esteem.

> Supported in part by Curves International

>

> ________________________________

>

> From: Supertraining on behalf of ,

> Sent: Wed 11/26/2008 3:05 PM

> To: Supertraining

> Subject: RE: Lack of Exercise Explains Depression-

> Heart Link

>

> I'm printing this out and showing it to my wife. Every since I met

> her I have noticed a definite tendency toward depression, and while

> it was on-and-off before, it's gotten worse of late. She is

> seriously inactive now and her bodyweight is on the rise, which

> depresses her further. She can't motivate herself to exercise, has

> no real hobbies or interests, and eats junk all the time. She

> vegetates in front of the television for hours. Yesterday she stayed

> home by herself, and upon coming back from work I was surprised to

> find that she had spent the entire day in bed, watching TV or

> surfing the Internet, and doing absolutely nothing else, not even

> washing the dishes she used for her meals. That's so unlike her!

>

> Pérez

> Reynosa, Mexico

>

> ________________________________

>

> From: Supertraining <mailto:Supertraining%40yahoogroups.com

> > [mailto:Supertraining

<mailto:Supertraining%40yahoogroups.com

> > ] On Behalf Of carruthersjam

> Sent: Wednesday, November 26, 2008 2:41 PM

> To: Supertraining <mailto:Supertraining%40yahoogroups.com

> >

> Subject: Lack of Exercise Explains Depression-Heart

> Link

>

> The below may be of interest:

>

> Lack of Exercise Explains Depression-Heart Link

>

>

http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-explains-<http://well.\

blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-explains-

> >

<http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-explains-<http://well\

..blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-explains-

> > >

> depression-heart-link/

>

> For years cardiologists and mental health experts have known that

> depression raises risk for heart attack by 50 percent or more.

>

> But what hasn't been clear is why depressed people have more heart

> problems. Does depression cause some biological change that increases

> risk? Does the inflammatory process that leads to heart disease also

> trigger depression?

>

> The answer may be far simpler. A new study suggests that people who

> are depressed are simply less likely to exercise, a finding that

> explains their dramatically higher risk for heart problems.

>

> Researchers, led by doctors from the Veterans Affairs Medical Center

> in San Francisco, recruited 1,017 participants with heart disease to

> track their health and lifestyle habits. As they expected, those

> patients who had symptoms of depression fared worse. About 10 percent

> of depressed heart patients had additional heart problems, during the

> study, compared with 6.7 percent of the other patients. After

> controlling for other illnesses and the severity of heart disease,

> the finding translates to a 31 percent higher risk of heart problems

> among the depressed people, according to the study published this

> week in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

>

> But once the researchers factored in the effect of exercise, the

> difference in risk among depressed people disappeared. In the same

> study, patients who didn't exercise, whether or not they were

> depressed, had a 44 percent higher risk of heart problems, after

> controlling for a variety of factors including medication adherence,

> smoking and other illnesses.

>

> The findings are important because some earlier studies have

> suggested a link between antidepressant use and lower heart risk. The

> explanation may be that patients who take antidepressants start to

> feel better and take care of themselves, adopting healthy behaviors

> including exercise. In a study of nearly 2,500 heart-attack patients,

> published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in June

> 2003, behavioral therapy to treat depression didn't change survival

> rates compared with patients who received regular care. But among

> about 20 percent of patients in the study who ended up on

> antidepressants, the risk of dying or suffering a second nonfatal

> heart attack was 42 percent lower. Another study, called Sadheart

> (which stands for Sertraline Antidepressant Heart Attack Randomized

> Trial) showed the death rate from heart-related problems was 20

> percent lower among patients taking the drug, although the data

> weren't statistically significant.

>

> The research suggests that doctors treating patients for depression

> should also talk to them about their lifestyle habits, and encourage

> them to exercise. The findings, say the researchers, suggest that the

> heart problems associated with depression " could potentially be

> preventable. "

>

> The evidence that health behaviors fully explain the link between

> depression and heart disease in this study is convincing, says Dr.

> A. Whooley, professor of medicine, epidemiology and

> biostatistics at the University of California, San Francisco.

> However, she notes the study is limited to older men with stable

> coronary disease, and as a result, more study is needed of women and

> other patients with heart disease.

>

> It remains an open question whether the study findings will change

> the way doctors counsel their patients. " The clinical practice

> question is a challenging one, " says Dr. Whooley. " It's easy for us

> to tell patients to exercise, take their medicines, and refrain from

> smoking, but actually changing health behaviors is very difficult. "

>

> =================

>

>

[Guest guest]

, after reading your post I began to think a little about this topic. I am

old enough to remember when people did not need to exercise for the sake of

exercise because their daily lives was full of physical activity.

In the past the only time people exercised was when the demands of their work or

every day activities required it.

Most of the sports in pre modern times where as a result of military

preparedness.

I am not a sports historian but I believe the concept of exercising simply for

the sake of exercising was introduced by Jack Lalane in the late 40s and early

50s.

Jim Fixx is credited in sparking running as a way of preventing heart disease.

He was personally motivated by the fact that his father died of an acute MI at a

very early age. While Jim Fixx died of a heart attack himself it must be

remembered that until he began running he was a smoker and was markedly

overweight, nevertheless he died at a much older age than did his father thanks

mostly to his exercise, weight loss and smoking cessation.

I believe that the reason people have problems being motivated to exercise for

the purpose of health is that exercise per se for its own sake may not be a

natural endeavor and the health benefits are not necessarily immediately

noticeable to most.

In my practice I am continually urging my patients of all ages to exercise and

it usually does not sink in until they are diagnosed with a serious medical

problem such a Diabetes, Hypertension, or Heart disease. Even then the exercise

period is often short lived.

For example: I had a patient whom I had advised to exercise and lose weight

because he was at risk for Diabetes. After years of warnings he finally met

the criteria for Diabetes and had to start on medications. Over the next 2 years

lost 50lbs and has kept the weight off for > 3 years. His Diabetes is under

excellent control with minimal medications.

I later asked him what made him change so drastically. He stated that " once I

had been diagnosed with a real disease and not just the possibility, exercising

and weight loss became a priority " .

I could relate a large number of patients who experienced a similar change in

attitude when confronted with a real disease and not just the possibility of

disease in the future.

It is easy to say " I need to start an exercise program and lose weight some day,

but not today " .

I suggest that in the process of evaluating your subjects, you might wish to use

a simple questionnaire to determine personality type. You may find, as I have,

that individuals with a type A personality, when confronted with adequate

motivation, are more likely to delve into a program with both feet be more

successful for a longer time than those with a type B personality.

Of course the real question should be what is sufficient motivation. That will

depend on age, gender of the individuals.

Younger individuals are less interested in the health benefits but more likely

to be motivated by sex appeal wheareas the older individual is more likely to be

motivated by health reasons especially if they have experienced family members

with significant health problems such as heart disease or Diabetes.

Some work places have motivated individuals with monetary incentives such as

bonuses if they attend a certain number of exercise sessions or meet certain

fitness goals.

I would be interested in your findings.

Ralph Giarnella MD

Southington Ct USA

>

> > :

> >

> > Our Curves research that involves circuit resistance

> training in

> > sedentary and overweight women has consistently seen

> improvements in

> > measures of quality of life, self-esteem, body image,

> etc (see

> > abstracts below from the 2007 FASEB conference). I

> believe the

> > difference between this approach and traditional

> training settings

> > is that the Curves facilities are for women only so

> they form

> > friendships and a caring support network where they

> motivate one

> > another to achieve results. You can learn more about

> this research

> > at http://curves.tamu.edu.We also have a great chapter

> entitle " The

> > Will to Change " in our new book Exercise &

> Sport Nutrition:

> > Principles, Promises, Science & Recommendations

> (available at www.exerciseandsportnutrition.com

> > or www.amazon.com).

> >

> > Good luck,

> >

> > Rick Kreider

> > Professor & Head

> > Director, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab

> > A. and Joan Read Endowed Chair for

> Disadvantaged Youth

> > Department of Health & Kinesiology

> > Texas A & M University

> > http://esnl.tamu.edu

> >

> >

> >

> > T Harvey, E Nassar, R Bowden, M , L Long, J

> Opusunju, B

> > Lanning, J Beckham-Dove, J Wismann, M Galbreath, B

> , C

> > Kerksick, P La Bounty, M Ferreira, C Wilborn, J

> Crixell, M Iosia, M

> > Cooke, C Rasmussen, R Kreider. Effects of the Curves®

> fitness &

> > weight loss program VI: quality of life. FASEB J. 2007

> 21:lb 231

> >

> > 287 sedentary women (48±10 yrs, 164±7 cm; 91±16 kg;

> 45±4% body fat)

> > were assigned to an exercise & no diet group (E);

> an exercise & high

> > calorie diet (HCD) group (2,600 kcals/d for 1 wk at

> 55% C, 15% P,

> > 30% F; 9 wks at 40% C, 30% P, 30% F; 4 wks at 55% C,

> 15% P, 30% F);

> > or, a low calorie high carbohydrate (HCHO), high

> protein (HP), or

> > very high protein (VHP) diet. Diets consisted of 1,200

> kcal/d for 1-

> > wk and 1,600 kcal/d for 9 wks and contained 30% fat,

> 40-55% CHO on

> > the HCD and HCHO diets and 50-63% P on the HP and VHP

> diets.

> > Subjects then ingested 2,600 kcal/d and dieted for 2-d

> (1,200 kcal/

> > d) only if they gained 3 lbs during a 4-wk maintenance

> phase.

> > Subjects participated in a supervised Curves fitness

> circuit

> > training program 3 d/wk. The SF-36 Quality of Life

> (QOL) inventory

> > was administered at 0, 10, and 14 wks. Data were

> analyzed by

> > repeated measures ANOVA and are presented as means ±

> SD changes from

> > baseline after 10 and 14 wks, respectively. Results

> revealed that

> > physical functioning (29.6±141, 24.4±122 %,

> p=0.002), social

> > functioning (11.1±56, 11.1±69 %, p=0.005), vitality

> (25.5±88,

> > 23.0±91 %, p=0.001), and mental health (8.5±27,

> 7.3±28 %, p=0.001)

> > scores significantly increased over time in all

> groups. Bodily pain

> > (32.2±296, 28.6±297 %, p=0.23), general health

> (3.0±163, -21.7±271

> > %, p=0.58), role physical (-4.1±56, -0.2±58 %,

> p=0.12), and role

> > emotional scores (0.9±59, 3.0±60 %, p=0.79) were not

> significantly

> > changed over time. No significant interactions were

> observed among

> > groups with the exception that role physical scores

> decreased to a

> > greater degree in the HP group. These findings

> indicate that the

> > Curves fitness and weight loss program improves select

> markers of QOL.

> > Supported in part by Curves International

> >

> > M , B Lanning, E Nassar, L Long, J Opusunju, R

> Bowden, J

> > Beckham-Dove, J Wismann, M Galbreath, B , T

> Harvey, C

> > Kerksick, P La Bounty, M Ferreira, C Wilborn, J

> Crixell, M Iosia, M

> > Cooke, C Rasmussen, R Kreider. Effects of the Curves®

> fitness &

> > weight loss program VII: body image & self esteem.

> FASEB J. 2007

> > 21:lb 233

> >

> > 287 sedentary women (48±10 yrs, 164±7 cm; 91±16 kg;

> 45±4% body fat)

> > were assigned to an exercise & no diet group (E);

> an exercise & high

> > calorie diet (HCD) group (2,600 kcals/d for 1 wk at

> 55% C, 15% P,

> > 30% F; 9 wks at 40% C, 30% P, 30% F; 4 wks at 55% C,

> 15% P, 30% F);

> > or, a low calorie high carbohydrate (HCHO), high

> protein (HP), or

> > very high protein (VHP) diet. Diets consisted of 1,200

> kcal/d for 1-

> > wk and 1,600 kcal/d for 9 wks and contained 30% fat,

> 40-55% CHO on

> > the HCD and HCHO diets and 50-63% P on the HP and VHP

> diets.

> > Subjects then ingested 2,600 kcal/d and dieted for 2-d

> (1,200 kcal/

> > d) only if they gained 3 lbs during a 4-wk maintenance

> phase.

> > Subjects participated in a supervised Curves fitness

> circuit

> > training program 3 d/wk. The Social Physique Anxiety

> (SPA) scale, a

> > Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE), and a Cash Body

> Image

> > Questionnaire were obtained at 0, 10, and 14 wks. Data

> were analyzed

> > by repeated measures ANOVA and are presented as means

> ± SD changes

> > after 10 and 14 wks, respectively. Results revealed

> that appearance

> > evaluation (18.9±39, 19.5±34 %, p=0.001), body area

> satisfaction

> > (13.9±29, 15.8±31 %, p=0.001), and overweight

> preoccupation

> > (18.6±67, 15.8±74 %, p=0.005) significantly

> increased with no

> > differences among groups. Self-Classified-Weight

> scores (-2.5±36,

> > -7.3±27 %, p=0.001) significantly decreased with no

> differences

> > among groups. Appearance orientation (-0.5±18,

> 0.6±16 %, p=0.63),

> > total RSE (7.4±24, 6.1±59 %, p=0.20), and SPA

> (1.5±26, -0.7±25 %,

> > p=0.68) scores were unchanged. Results indicate that

> participation

> > in the Curves fitness and weight loss program improves

> some aspects

> > of body image and self-esteem.

> > Supported in part by Curves International

> >

> > ________________________________

> >

> > From: Supertraining on behalf of

> ,

> > Sent: Wed 11/26/2008 3:05 PM

> > To: Supertraining

> > Subject: RE: Lack of Exercise Explains

> Depression-

> > Heart Link

> >

> > I'm printing this out and showing it to my wife.

> Every since I met

> > her I have noticed a definite tendency toward

> depression, and while

> > it was on-and-off before, it's gotten worse of

> late. She is

> > seriously inactive now and her bodyweight is on the

> rise, which

> > depresses her further. She can't motivate herself

> to exercise, has

> > no real hobbies or interests, and eats junk all the

> time. She

> > vegetates in front of the television for hours.

> Yesterday she stayed

> > home by herself, and upon coming back from work I was

> surprised to

> > find that she had spent the entire day in bed,

> watching TV or

> > surfing the Internet, and doing absolutely nothing

> else, not even

> > washing the dishes she used for her meals. That's

> so unlike her!

> >

> > Pérez

> > Reynosa, Mexico

> >

> > ________________________________

> >

> > From: Supertraining

> <mailto:Supertraining%40yahoogroups.com

> > > [mailto:Supertraining

> <mailto:Supertraining%40yahoogroups.com

> > > ] On Behalf Of carruthersjam

> > Sent: Wednesday, November 26, 2008 2:41 PM

> > To: Supertraining

> <mailto:Supertraining%40yahoogroups.com

> > >

> > Subject: Lack of Exercise Explains

> Depression-Heart

> > Link

> >

> > The below may be of interest:

> >

> > Lack of Exercise Explains Depression-Heart Link

> >

> >

>

http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-explains-<http://well.\

blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-explains-

>

> > >

>

<http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-explains-<http://well\

..blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-explains-

>

> > > >

> > depression-heart-link/

> >

> > For years cardiologists and mental health experts have

> known that

> > depression raises risk for heart attack by 50 percent

> or more.

> >

> > But what hasn't been clear is why depressed people

> have more heart

> > problems. Does depression cause some biological change

> that increases

> > risk? Does the inflammatory process that leads to

> heart disease also

> > trigger depression?

> >

> > The answer may be far simpler. A new study suggests

> that people who

> > are depressed are simply less likely to exercise, a

> finding that

> > explains their dramatically higher risk for heart

> problems.

> >

> > Researchers, led by doctors from the Veterans Affairs

> Medical Center

> > in San Francisco, recruited 1,017 participants with

> heart disease to

> > track their health and lifestyle habits. As they

> expected, those

> > patients who had symptoms of depression fared worse.

> About 10 percent

> > of depressed heart patients had additional heart

> problems, during the

> > study, compared with 6.7 percent of the other

> patients. After

> > controlling for other illnesses and the severity of

> heart disease,

> > the finding translates to a 31 percent higher risk of

> heart problems

> > among the depressed people, according to the study

> published this

> > week in the Journal of the American Medical

> Association.

> >

> > But once the researchers factored in the effect of

> exercise, the

> > difference in risk among depressed people disappeared.

> In the same

> > study, patients who didn't exercise, whether or

> not they were

> > depressed, had a 44 percent higher risk of heart

> problems, after

> > controlling for a variety of factors including

> medication adherence,

> > smoking and other illnesses.

> >

> > The findings are important because some earlier

> studies have

> > suggested a link between antidepressant use and lower

> heart risk. The

> > explanation may be that patients who take

> antidepressants start to

> > feel better and take care of themselves, adopting

> healthy behaviors

> > including exercise. In a study of nearly 2,500

> heart-attack patients,

> > published in the Journal of the American Medical

> Association in June

> > 2003, behavioral therapy to treat depression

> didn't change survival

> > rates compared with patients who received regular

> care. But among

> > about 20 percent of patients in the study who ended up

> on

> > antidepressants, the risk of dying or suffering a

> second nonfatal

> > heart attack was 42 percent lower. Another study,

> called Sadheart

> > (which stands for Sertraline Antidepressant Heart

> Attack Randomized

> > Trial) showed the death rate from heart-related

> problems was 20

> > percent lower among patients taking the drug, although

> the data

> > weren't statistically significant.

> >

> > The research suggests that doctors treating patients

> for depression

> > should also talk to them about their lifestyle habits,

> and encourage

> > them to exercise. The findings, say the researchers,

> suggest that the

> > heart problems associated with depression " could

> potentially be

> > preventable. "

> >

> > The evidence that health behaviors fully explain the

> link between

> > depression and heart disease in this study is

> convincing, says Dr.

> > A. Whooley, professor of medicine, epidemiology

> and

> > biostatistics at the University of California, San

> Francisco.

> > However, she notes the study is limited to older men

> with stable

> > coronary disease, and as a result, more study is

> needed of women and

> > other patients with heart disease.

> >

> > It remains an open question whether the study findings

> will change

> > the way doctors counsel their patients. " The

> clinical practice

> > question is a challenging one, " says Dr. Whooley.

> " It's easy for us

> > to tell patients to exercise, take their medicines,

> and refrain from

> > smoking, but actually changing health behaviors is

> very difficult. "

> >

> > =================

> >

> >

[Guest guest]

Personality type wasn't included in the survey - my research is

focusing on social normative influences. The study that got me

thinking was:

Nolan, J., Schultz, P., Cialdini, R., Goldstein, N., & Griskevicius,

V. (2008). Normative social influence is underdetected. Personality

and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 913-923. Retrieved June 13, 2008,

from http://psp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/34/7/913

Abstract

The present research investigated the persuasive impact and

detectability of normative social influence. The first study surveyed

810 Californians about energy conservation and found that descriptive

normative beliefs were more predictive of behavior than were other

relevant beliefs, even though respondents rated such norms as least

important in their conservation decisions. Study 2, a field

experiment, showed that normative social influence produced the

greatest change in behavior compared to information highlighting other

reasons to conserve, even though respondents rated the normative

information as least motivating. Results show that normative messages

can be a powerful lever of persuasion but that their influence is

underdetected.

----------

I'm doing a similar study in the field of physical activity.

As far as sports history goes, physical culture certainly pre-dates

Jack Lalanne. You may want to review the Turnverein movement and

similar European gymnastic trends. Much of the playground equipment

that we associate with our youth dates to these movements and their

widespread introduction in North America during the mid-late 1800's.

As well there were numerous professional physical culturists such as

Sandow, Saxon, etc. Homegrown physical culture also abounded early in

the 1900's - Farmer Burns had a complete program and their were

numerous other examples of people exercising for exercises sake.

(Burns was a wrestler, but his program was general fitness).

Hobman

Saskatoon, Canada

> , after reading your post I began to think a little about this

> topic. I am old enough to remember when people did not need to

> exercise for the sake of exercise because their daily lives was full

> of physical activity.

>

> In the past the only time people exercised was when the demands of

> their work or every day activities required it.

>

> Most of the sports in pre modern times where as a result of military

> preparedness.

>

> I am not a sports historian but I believe the concept of exercising

> simply for the sake of exercising was introduced by Jack Lalane in

> the late 40s and early 50s.

>

> Jim Fixx is credited in sparking running as a way of preventing

> heart disease. He was personally motivated by the fact that his

> father died of an acute MI at a very early age. While Jim Fixx died

> of a heart attack himself it must be remembered that until he began

> running he was a smoker and was markedly overweight, nevertheless he

> died at a much older age than did his father thanks mostly to his

> exercise, weight loss and smoking cessation.

>

> I believe that the reason people have problems being motivated to

> exercise for the purpose of health is that exercise per se for its

> own sake may not be a natural endeavor and the health benefits are

> not necessarily immediately noticeable to most.

>

> In my practice I am continually urging my patients of all ages to

> exercise and it usually does not sink in until they are diagnosed

> with a serious medical problem such a Diabetes, Hypertension, or

> Heart disease. Even then the exercise period is often short lived.

>

> For example: I had a patient whom I had advised to exercise and lose

> weight because he was at risk for Diabetes. After years of warnings

> he finally met the criteria for Diabetes and had to start on

> medications. Over the next 2 years lost 50lbs and has kept the

> weight off for > 3 years. His Diabetes is under excellent control

> with minimal medications.

>

> I later asked him what made him change so drastically. He stated

> that " once I had been diagnosed with a real disease and not just the

> possibility, exercising and weight loss became a priority " .

>

> I could relate a large number of patients who experienced a similar

> change in attitude when confronted with a real disease and not just

> the possibility of disease in the future.

>

> It is easy to say " I need to start an exercise program and lose

> weight some day, but not today " .

>

> I suggest that in the process of evaluating your subjects, you might

> wish to use a simple questionnaire to determine personality type.

> You may find, as I have, that individuals with a type A personality,

> when confronted with adequate motivation, are more likely to delve

> into a program with both feet be more successful for a longer time

> than those with a type B personality.

>

> Of course the real question should be what is sufficient motivation.

> That will depend on age, gender of the individuals.

>

> Younger individuals are less interested in the health benefits but

> more likely to be motivated by sex appeal wheareas the older

> individual is more likely to be motivated by health reasons

> especially if they have experienced family members with significant

> health problems such as heart disease or Diabetes.

>

> Some work places have motivated individuals with monetary incentives

> such as bonuses if they attend a certain number of exercise sessions

> or meet certain fitness goals.

>

> I would be interested in your findings.

>

> Ralph Giarnella MD

> Southington Ct USA

>

>

> >

> > > :

> > >

> > > Our Curves research that involves circuit resistance

> > training in

> > > sedentary and overweight women has consistently seen

> > improvements in

> > > measures of quality of life, self-esteem, body image,

> > etc (see

> > > abstracts below from the 2007 FASEB conference). I

> > believe the

> > > difference between this approach and traditional

> > training settings

> > > is that the Curves facilities are for women only so

> > they form

> > > friendships and a caring support network where they

> > motivate one

> > > another to achieve results. You can learn more about

> > this research

> > > at http://curves.tamu.edu.We also have a great chapter

> > entitle " The

> > > Will to Change " in our new book Exercise &

> > Sport Nutrition:

> > > Principles, Promises, Science & Recommendations

> > (available at www.exerciseandsportnutrition.com

> > > or www.amazon.com).

> > >

> > > Good luck,

> > >

> > > Rick Kreider

> > > Professor & Head

> > > Director, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab

> > > A. and Joan Read Endowed Chair for

> > Disadvantaged Youth

> > > Department of Health & Kinesiology

> > > Texas A & M University

> > > http://esnl.tamu.edu

> > >

> > >

> > >

> > > T Harvey, E Nassar, R Bowden, M , L Long, J

> > Opusunju, B

> > > Lanning, J Beckham-Dove, J Wismann, M Galbreath, B

> > , C

> > > Kerksick, P La Bounty, M Ferreira, C Wilborn, J

> > Crixell, M Iosia, M

> > > Cooke, C Rasmussen, R Kreider. Effects of the Curves®

> > fitness &

> > > weight loss program VI: quality of life. FASEB J. 2007

> > 21:lb 231

> > >

> > > 287 sedentary women (48±10 yrs, 164±7 cm; 91±16 kg;

> > 45±4% body fat)

> > > were assigned to an exercise & no diet group (E);

> > an exercise & high

> > > calorie diet (HCD) group (2,600 kcals/d for 1 wk at

> > 55% C, 15% P,

> > > 30% F; 9 wks at 40% C, 30% P, 30% F; 4 wks at 55% C,

> > 15% P, 30% F);

> > > or, a low calorie high carbohydrate (HCHO), high

> > protein (HP), or

> > > very high protein (VHP) diet. Diets consisted of 1,200

> > kcal/d for 1-

> > > wk and 1,600 kcal/d for 9 wks and contained 30% fat,

> > 40-55% CHO on

> > > the HCD and HCHO diets and 50-63% P on the HP and VHP

> > diets.

> > > Subjects then ingested 2,600 kcal/d and dieted for 2-d

> > (1,200 kcal/

> > > d) only if they gained 3 lbs during a 4-wk maintenance

> > phase.

> > > Subjects participated in a supervised Curves fitness

> > circuit

> > > training program 3 d/wk. The SF-36 Quality of Life

> > (QOL) inventory

> > > was administered at 0, 10, and 14 wks. Data were

> > analyzed by

> > > repeated measures ANOVA and are presented as means ±

> > SD changes from

> > > baseline after 10 and 14 wks, respectively. Results

> > revealed that

> > > physical functioning (29.6±141, 24.4±122 %,

> > p=0.002), social

> > > functioning (11.1±56, 11.1±69 %, p=0.005), vitality

> > (25.5±88,

> > > 23.0±91 %, p=0.001), and mental health (8.5±27,

> > 7.3±28 %, p=0.001)

> > > scores significantly increased over time in all

> > groups. Bodily pain

> > > (32.2±296, 28.6±297 %, p=0.23), general health

> > (3.0±163, -21.7±271

> > > %, p=0.58), role physical (-4.1±56, -0.2±58 %,

> > p=0.12), and role

> > > emotional scores (0.9±59, 3.0±60 %, p=0.79) were not

> > significantly

> > > changed over time. No significant interactions were

> > observed among

> > > groups with the exception that role physical scores

> > decreased to a

> > > greater degree in the HP group. These findings

> > indicate that the

> > > Curves fitness and weight loss program improves select

> > markers of QOL.

> > > Supported in part by Curves International

> > >

> > > M , B Lanning, E Nassar, L Long, J Opusunju, R

> > Bowden, J

> > > Beckham-Dove, J Wismann, M Galbreath, B , T

> > Harvey, C

> > > Kerksick, P La Bounty, M Ferreira, C Wilborn, J

> > Crixell, M Iosia, M

> > > Cooke, C Rasmussen, R Kreider. Effects of the Curves®

> > fitness &

> > > weight loss program VII: body image & self esteem.

> > FASEB J. 2007

> > > 21:lb 233

> > >

> > > 287 sedentary women (48±10 yrs, 164±7 cm; 91±16 kg;

> > 45±4% body fat)

> > > were assigned to an exercise & no diet group (E);

> > an exercise & high

> > > calorie diet (HCD) group (2,600 kcals/d for 1 wk at

> > 55% C, 15% P,

> > > 30% F; 9 wks at 40% C, 30% P, 30% F; 4 wks at 55% C,

> > 15% P, 30% F);

> > > or, a low calorie high carbohydrate (HCHO), high

> > protein (HP), or

> > > very high protein (VHP) diet. Diets consisted of 1,200

> > kcal/d for 1-

> > > wk and 1,600 kcal/d for 9 wks and contained 30% fat,

> > 40-55% CHO on

> > > the HCD and HCHO diets and 50-63% P on the HP and VHP

> > diets.

> > > Subjects then ingested 2,600 kcal/d and dieted for 2-d

> > (1,200 kcal/

> > > d) only if they gained 3 lbs during a 4-wk maintenance

> > phase.

> > > Subjects participated in a supervised Curves fitness

> > circuit

> > > training program 3 d/wk. The Social Physique Anxiety

> > (SPA) scale, a

> > > Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE), and a Cash Body

> > Image

> > > Questionnaire were obtained at 0, 10, and 14 wks. Data

> > were analyzed

> > > by repeated measures ANOVA and are presented as means

> > ± SD changes

> > > after 10 and 14 wks, respectively. Results revealed

> > that appearance

> > > evaluation (18.9±39, 19.5±34 %, p=0.001), body area

> > satisfaction

> > > (13.9±29, 15.8±31 %, p=0.001), and overweight

> > preoccupation

> > > (18.6±67, 15.8±74 %, p=0.005) significantly

> > increased with no

> > > differences among groups. Self-Classified-Weight

> > scores (-2.5±36,

> > > -7.3±27 %, p=0.001) significantly decreased with no

> > differences

> > > among groups. Appearance orientation (-0.5±18,

> > 0.6±16 %, p=0.63),

> > > total RSE (7.4±24, 6.1±59 %, p=0.20), and SPA

> > (1.5±26, -0.7±25 %,

> > > p=0.68) scores were unchanged. Results indicate that

> > participation

> > > in the Curves fitness and weight loss program improves

> > some aspects

> > > of body image and self-esteem.

> > > Supported in part by Curves International

> > >

> > > ________________________________

> > >

> > > From: Supertraining on behalf of

> > ,

> > > Sent: Wed 11/26/2008 3:05 PM

> > > To: Supertraining

> > > Subject: RE: Lack of Exercise Explains

> > Depression-

> > > Heart Link

> > >

> > > I'm printing this out and showing it to my wife.

> > Every since I met

> > > her I have noticed a definite tendency toward

> > depression, and while

> > > it was on-and-off before, it's gotten worse of

> > late. She is

> > > seriously inactive now and her bodyweight is on the

> > rise, which

> > > depresses her further. She can't motivate herself

> > to exercise, has

> > > no real hobbies or interests, and eats junk all the

> > time. She

> > > vegetates in front of the television for hours.

> > Yesterday she stayed

> > > home by herself, and upon coming back from work I was

> > surprised to

> > > find that she had spent the entire day in bed,

> > watching TV or

> > > surfing the Internet, and doing absolutely nothing

> > else, not even

> > > washing the dishes she used for her meals. That's

> > so unlike her!

> > >

> > > Pérez

> > > Reynosa, Mexico

> > >

> > > ________________________________

> > >

> > > From: Supertraining

> > <mailto:Supertraining%40yahoogroups.com

> > > > [mailto:Supertraining

> > <mailto:Supertraining%40yahoogroups.com

> > > > ] On Behalf Of carruthersjam

> > > Sent: Wednesday, November 26, 2008 2:41 PM

> > > To: Supertraining

> > <mailto:Supertraining%40yahoogroups.com

> > > >

> > > Subject: Lack of Exercise Explains

> > Depression-Heart

> > > Link

> > >

> > > The below may be of interest:

> > >

> > > Lack of Exercise Explains Depression-Heart Link

> > >

> > >

> > http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-explains-

> <http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-explains-

> >

> > > >

> > <http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-

> explains-<http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/lack-of-exercise-explains-

> >

> > > > >

> > > depression-heart-link/

> > >

> > > For years cardiologists and mental health experts have

> > known that

> > > depression raises risk for heart attack by 50 percent

> > or more.

> > >

> > > But what hasn't been clear is why depressed people

> > have more heart

> > > problems. Does depression cause some biological change

> > that increases

> > > risk? Does the inflammatory process that leads to

> > heart disease also

> > > trigger depression?

> > >

> > > The answer may be far simpler. A new study suggests

> > that people who

> > > are depressed are simply less likely to exercise, a

> > finding that

> > > explains their dramatically higher risk for heart

> > problems.

> > >

> > > Researchers, led by doctors from the Veterans Affairs

> > Medical Center

> > > in San Francisco, recruited 1,017 participants with

> > heart disease to

> > > track their health and lifestyle habits. As they

> > expected, those

> > > patients who had symptoms of depression fared worse.

> > About 10 percent

> > > of depressed heart patients had additional heart

> > problems, during the

> > > study, compared with 6.7 percent of the other

> > patients. After

> > > controlling for other illnesses and the severity of

> > heart disease,

> > > the finding translates to a 31 percent higher risk of

> > heart problems

> > > among the depressed people, according to the study

> > published this

> > > week in the Journal of the American Medical

> > Association.

> > >

> > > But once the researchers factored in the effect of

> > exercise, the

> > > difference in risk among depressed people disappeared.

> > In the same

> > > study, patients who didn't exercise, whether or

> > not they were

> > > depressed, had a 44 percent higher risk of heart

> > problems, after

> > > controlling for a variety of factors including

> > medication adherence,

> > > smoking and other illnesses.

> > >

> > > The findings are important because some earlier

> > studies have

> > > suggested a link between antidepressant use and lower

> > heart risk. The

> > > explanation may be that patients who take

> > antidepressants start to

> > > feel better and take care of themselves, adopting

> > healthy behaviors

> > > including exercise. In a study of nearly 2,500

> > heart-attack patients,

> > > published in the Journal of the American Medical

> > Association in June

> > > 2003, behavioral therapy to treat depression

> > didn't change survival

> > > rates compared with patients who received regular

> > care. But among

> > > about 20 percent of patients in the study who ended up

> > on

> > > antidepressants, the risk of dying or suffering a

> > second nonfatal

> > > heart attack was 42 percent lower. Another study,

> > called Sadheart

> > > (which stands for Sertraline Antidepressant Heart

> > Attack Randomized

> > > Trial) showed the death rate from heart-related

> > problems was 20

> > > percent lower among patients taking the drug, although

> > the data

> > > weren't statistically significant.

> > >

> > > The research suggests that doctors treating patients

> > for depression

> > > should also talk to them about their lifestyle habits,

> > and encourage

> > > them to exercise. The findings, say the researchers,

> > suggest that the

> > > heart problems associated with depression " could

> > potentially be

> > > preventable. "

> > >

> > > The evidence that health behaviors fully explain the

> > link between

> > > depression and heart disease in this study is

> > convincing, says Dr.

> > > A. Whooley, professor of medicine, epidemiology

> > and

> > > biostatistics at the University of California, San

> > Francisco.

> > > However, she notes the study is limited to older men

> > with stable

> > > coronary disease, and as a result, more study is

> > needed of women and

> > > other patients with heart disease.

> > >

> > > It remains an open question whether the study findings

> > will change

> > > the way doctors counsel their patients. " The

> > clinical practice

> > > question is a challenging one, " says Dr. Whooley.

> > " It's easy for us

> > > to tell patients to exercise, take their medicines,

> > and refrain from

> > > smoking, but actually changing health behaviors is

> > very difficult. "

> > >

> > > =================

> > >

> > >

[Guest guest]

Randy Roach's new Muscle, Smoke and Mirrors offers for the first time

an in-depth survey of Physical Culture leading up to the irongame and,

in particular, bodybuilding, spanning the period from the 1840s

through the 1960s. Volume II will cover the 1970s up to current times

and is anticipated to be in print sometime next year.

The very notion that fitness concerns begin around 1900 will be

dispelled reading through his 550 page study. The first gyms,

illustrated in Bill Pearl's The Inner Universe a few years ago, were

prevalent in Paris of the late 1840s. Precursors to today's " machines "

were in operation well before the turn of the 20th century. YMCAs grew

out of a Christian Muscle movement, while a Boston area YMCA is

creditted with first use of the term " bodybuilding " as far back as

1881. The movement was fixed and moving by the last quarter of the

19th century, including equipment and mail order courses of instruction.

Ken O'Neill

Austin, Texas

>

> I'm doing a similar study in the field of physical activity.

>

> As far as sports history goes, physical culture certainly pre-dates

> Jack Lalanne. You may want to review the Turnverein movement and

> similar European gymnastic trends. Much of the playground equipment

> that we associate with our youth dates to these movements and their

> widespread introduction in North America during the mid-late 1800's.

> As well there were numerous professional physical culturists such as

> Sandow, Saxon, etc. Homegrown physical culture also abounded early in

> the 1900's - Farmer Burns had a complete program and their were

> numerous other examples of people exercising for exercises sake.

> (Burns was a wrestler, but his program was general fitness).

>

>

> Hobman

> Saskatoon, Canada

>

[Guest guest]

I grew up in St. Louis, Missouri. I vaguely remember Halls in South St.

Louis as centers of German culture and as gymnasiums. Mostly gymnastic, the

emphasis was physical culture. I wonder if that was somehow subliminally

responsible for some of the success of r 's Gyms in St. Louis.

A quick Internet search for Halls turns up the start of the

movement in Germany around 1811 and it moved to the USA with immigrants around

1848.

While not primarily bodybuilding with weights, I imagine the gymnastic

exhibitions at Halls were the predecessors of the impromptu tumbling and

gymnastic demonstrations at Muscle Beach circa Jack LaLanne.

I'm guessing you could always find a musclehead wherever you could find big

rocks. It's cool that it's being documented.

Skip Dallen

Covina, CA USA

============================================

Re: Lack of Exercise Explains Depression-Heart Link

Randy Roach's new Muscle, Smoke and Mirrors offers for the first time

an in-depth survey of Physical Culture leading up to the irongame and,

in particular, bodybuilding, spanning the period from the 1840s

through the 1960s. Volume II will cover the 1970s up to current times

and is anticipated to be in print sometime next year.

The very notion that fitness concerns begin around 1900 will be

dispelled reading through his 550 page study. The first gyms,

illustrated in Bill Pearl's The Inner Universe a few years ago, were

prevalent in Paris of the late 1840s. Precursors to today's " machines "

were in operation well before the turn of the 20th century. YMCAs grew

out of a Christian Muscle movement, while a Boston area YMCA is

creditted with first use of the term " bodybuilding " as far back as

1881. The movement was fixed and moving by the last quarter of the

19th century, including equipment and mail order courses of instruction.

=====================================