Re: Antiviral effects of Transfer Factor, antipathogenic and antiinflammatory ag

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No, it is even more expensive here in Europe, as imported.

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> >

> >

> > Presse Med. 1984 Mar 3;13(9):537-40.

> >

> > [Treatment of herpes infections with transfer factor]

> >

> > [Article in French] Rosenfeld F, Viza D, J, Vich

> JM,

> > Binet O, Aron-Brunetire R.

> >

> > Twelve patients suffering from recurrent herpetic infections

> > resistant to several current therapies were treated for a 3 to 10

> months

> > period with a bovine transfer factor specific to Herpes simplex

> virus of

> > type 1 and 2. The results obtained showed that this treatment was

> > capable of dramatically reducing the intensity, duration and

> frequency

> > of the relapses. This preliminary clinical trial suggests that

> specific

> > transfer factor administered orally could be an effective treatment

> of

> > herpes infections.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Clinical Trial * English

> Abstract

> > * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> > PMID: 6230646 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> >

> >

> > Lancet. 1981 Jul 18;2(8238):122-4.

> >

> > Treatment of childhood combined Epstein-Barr

> virus/cytomegalovirus

> > infection with oral bovine transfer factor.

> >

> > JF, Minnich LL, Jeter WS, Pritchett RF, Fulginiti VA,

> Wedgwood

> > RJ.

> >

> > An illness lasting for two years, with recurrent fever, rash,

> > abdominal pain, and arthralgia, developed in a four year old boy.

> He was

> > found to have a combined Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus

> (CMV)

> > infection. His symptoms, CMV in his urine, and an absent in vitro

> > lymphocyte response to CMV antigen persisted for two years. After

> > treatment with orally administered bovine transfer factor clinical

> > symptoms and viruria disappeared and specific immunity to CMV

> developed.

> > Evaluation of this treatment in chronic virus infections is

> warranted.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Case Reports * Research

> Support,

> > Non-U.S. Gov't * Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

> >

> > PMID: 6113484 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> >

> >

> > Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2006;28(3):471-83.

> >

> > In vitro antibacterial activity of bovine dialyzable leukocyte

> extract.

> >

> > Armides Franco-Molina M, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Castillo-Tello P,

> > Tamez-Guerra RS, Villarreal-Trevi–o L, Tijerina-Menchaca R,

> > Castillo-Le—n L, Zapata-Benavides P, Rodr'guez-Padilla C.

> > Departamento de Microbiolog'a e Inmunolog'a, Laboratorio de

> > Inmunolog'a y Virolog'a, Facultad de Ciencias Biol—gicas,

> > Universidad Aut—noma de Nuevo Le—n, Nuevo Le—n,

MŽxico.

> >

> > The rapidly developing resistance of many infectious pathogenic

> > organisms to modern drugs has spurred scientists to search for new

> > sources of antibacterial compounds. One potential candidate, bDLE

> > (dialysis at 10 to 12 kDa cut-off) and its fractions ( " S " and " L "

> by 3.5

> > kDa cut-off and I, II, III, and IV by molecular exclusion

> > chromatography), was evaluated for antibacterial activity against

> > pathogenic bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus

> > pyogenes, Lysteria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas

> > aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi) using standard antimicrobial

> assays. A

> > minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bDLE and its fractions was

> > determined by agar and broth dilutions methods. Only bDLE and

> its " S "

> > fraction had an effect upon all bacteria evaluated (MIC ranging from

> > 0.29 to 0.62 U/ml), and the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects

> > (evaluated by MTT assay) were bacterial species-dependent. These

> results

> > showed a remarkable in vitro antibacterial property of bDLE against

> > several pathogenic bacteria.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> > PMID: 16997795 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> >

> >

> > 3: Int Immunopharmacol. 2004 Dec 15;4(13):1577-86.

> >

> > Bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract protects against LPS-induced,

> murine

> > endotoxic shock.

> >

> > Franco-Molina MA, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Castillo-Le—n L,

> > Tamez-Guerra RS, Rodr'guez-Padilla C. Laboratorio de

> > Inmunolog'a y Virolog'a, Departamento de Microbiolog'a e

> > Inmunolog'a, Facultad de Ciencias Biol—gicas, Universidad

> > Aut—noma de Nuevo Le—n, Apartado Postal 46 F, San

Nicol‡s de

> > los Garza, N.L., MŽxico.

> >

> > The pathophysiology of endotoxic shock is characterized by the

> > activation of multiple pro-inflammatory genes and their products

> which

> > initiate the inflammatory process. Endotoxic shock is a serious

> > condition with high mortality. Bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract

> > (bDLE) is a dialyzate of a heterogeneous mixture of low molecular

> weight

> > substances released from disintegrated leukocytes of the blood or

> > lymphoid tissue obtained from homogenized bovine spleen. bDLE is

> > clinically effective for a broad spectrum of diseases. To determine

> > whether bDLE improves survival and modulates the expression of

> > pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in LPS-induced, murine endotoxic

> shock,

> > Balb/C mice were treated with bDLE (1 U) after pretreatment with

> LPS (17

> > mg/kg). The bDLE improved survival (90%), suppressed IL-10 and IL-

> 6, and

> > decreased IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-12p40 mRNA expression; and

> > decreased the production of IL-10 (P<0.01), TNF-alpha (P<0.01), and

> IL-6

> > (P<0.01) in LPS-induced, murine endotoxic shock. Our results

> demonstrate

> > that bDLE leads to improved survival in LPS-induced endotoxic shock

> in

> > mice, modulating the pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression,

> > suggesting that bDLE is an effective therapeutic agent for

> inflammatory

> > illnesses associated with an unbalanced expression of pro-

> inflammatory

> > cytokine genes such as in endotoxic shock, rheumatic arthritis and

> other

> > diseases.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> > PMID: 15454111 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> >

> >

> >

> > Cytotherapy. 2007;9(4):379-85.

> >

> > Bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract modulates cytokines and nitric

> oxide

> > production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human blood cells.

> >

> > Franco-Molina MA, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Castillo-Tello P, Isaza-

> Brando

> > CE, Garc'a ME, Castillo-Le—n L, Tamez-Guerra RS,

> > Rodr'guez-Padilla C. Departamento de Inmunolog'a y

> > Virolog'a, Universidad Aut—noma de Nuevo Le—n, San

> > Nicol‡s de los Garza, Nuevo Le—n, MŽxico.

> >

> > BACKGROUND: In the current study, we determined whether bovine

> > dialyzable leukocyte extract (bDLE) modulates lipopolysaccharide

> > (LPS)-induced nitric oxide and cytokine overproduction. METHODS:

> Human

> > whole blood cells were treated with LPS (50 ng) + bDLE (1 U).

> RESULTS:

> > The bDLE treatment decreased nitric oxide as well as TNF-alpha, IL-

> 6 and

> > IL-10 (P <0.01) cytokine production. In addition, it decreased

> > TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA expression and suppressed IL-10

> and

> > IL-12p40 mRNA expression, but did not modulate IL-8 mRNA expression

> in

> > LPS-stimulated human blood cells. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest

> that

> > bDLE may effectively modulate the fatal symptoms of hypotensive

> shock

> > associated with endotoxin (LPS)-induced nitric oxide and cytokine

> > production, and this may offer therapeutic potential for the

> treatment

> > of endotoxic shock.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Research Support, Non.S. Gov't

> > PMID: 17573613 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> >

> >

> > Biotherapy. 1996;9(1-3):67-72.

> >

> > Orally administered HSV-specific transfer factor (TF) prevents

> > genital or labial herpes relapses.

> >

> > Pizza G, Viza D, De Vinci C, Palareti A, Cuzzocrea D,

> Fornarola V,

> > Baricordi R. Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy Unit, 1st-

> Division of

> > Urology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.

> >

> > Forty-four patients suffering from genital (22) and labial (22)

> > herpes were orally treated with HSV-1/2-specific transfer factor

> (TF).

> > TF was obtained by in vitro replication of a HSV-1/2-specific bovine

> > dialysable lymphocyte extract. Treatment was administered bi-weekly

> the

> > first 2 weeks, and then weekly for 6 months, most patients received

> 2-3

> > courses. The total observation period for all patients before

> treatment

> > was 26,660 days, with 544 relapses, and a relapse index of 61.2,

> whereas

> > the cumulative observation period during and after treatment was

> 16,945

> > days, with a total of 121 relapsing episodes and a cumulative RI of

> 21.4

> > (P < 0.0001). Results were equally significant when the 2 groups of

> > patients (labial and genital) were considered separately. These

> > observations confirm previous results obtained with bovine HSV-

> specific

> > TF, and warrant further studies to establish HSV-specific TF as a

> choice

> > of treatment for preventing herpes recurrences.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> > PMID: 8993760 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> >

> >

> > 5: Biotherapy. 1996;9(1-3):61-6.

> >

> > Efficacy of transfer factor in treating patients with recurrent

> > ocular herpes infections.

> >

> > Meduri R, Campos E, Scorolli L, De Vinci C, Pizza G, Viza

> D. Eye

> > Physiopathology Clinical Service, University of Bologna, Italy.

> >

> > Recurrent ocular herpes is an insoluble problem for the

> clinician.

> > As cellular immunity plays an important role in controlling herpes

> > relapses, and other studies have shown the efficacy of HSV-specific

> > transfer factor (TF) for the treatment of herpes patients, an open

> > clinical trial was undertaken in 134 patients (71 keratitis, 29

> > kerato-uveitis, 34 uveitis) suffering from recurrent ocular herpetic

> > infections. The mean duration of the treatment was 358 days, and the

> > entire follow-up period 189,121 before, and 64,062 days after TF

> > treatment. The cell-mediated immune response to the viral antigens,

> > evaluated by the lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) and the leucocyte

> > migration test (LMT) (P < 0.001), was significantly increased by

> the TF

> > treatment. The total number of relapses was decreased significantly

> > during/after TF treatment, dropping from 832 before, to 89 after

> > treatment, whereas the cumulative relapse index (RI) dropped,

> during the

> > same period, from 13.2 to 4.17 (P < 0.0001). No side effects were

> > observed. It is concluded that patients with relapsing ocular

> herpes can

> > benefit from treatment with HSV-specific TF.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Clinical Trial

> > PMID: 8993759 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> >

> > 6: J Infect Dis. 1990 Jan;161(1):108-12.

> >

> > A controlled trial of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract for

> > cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.

> >

> > McMeeking A, Borkowsky W, Klesius PH, Bonk S, Holzman RS,

> Lawrence

> > HS. Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center,

> NY

> > 10016.

> >

> > Cryptosporidial infection causes severe diarrheal disease in

> > patients with AIDS. Fourteen patients with AIDS and symptomatic

> > cryptosporidiosis were treated with a specific bovine dialyzable

> > leukocyte extract (immune DLE) prepared from lymph node lymphocytes

> of

> > calves immunized with cryptosporidia or a nonspecific (nonimmune)

> DLE

> > prepared from nonimmunized calves. Six of 7 patients given immune

> DLE

> > gained weight and had a decrease in bowel movement frequency, with

> > eradication of oocysts from stool in 5 patients. Six of 7 patients

> given

> > nonimmune DLE showed no decrease in bowel movement and 4, no

> clearing of

> > oocytes from stool; 5 continued to lose weight. Subsequently, 5 of

> these

> > 7 were treated with immune DLE; 4 had a decrease in bowel movement

> > frequency and significant weight gain, with eradication of oocytes

> from

> > stool in 2 patients. Immune DLE produces sustained symptomatic

> > improvement in patients with AIDS and active cryptosporidiosis, but

> lack

> > of an appropriate cryptosporidial antigen allows only postulation

> that

> > an augmentation of cellular immunity to Cryptosporidium parvum

> induced

> > by immune DLE resulted in the microbiologic and clinical improvement

> > observed.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Clinical Trial * Controlled

> > Clinical Trial * Randomized Controlled Trial * Research

> > Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

> > PMID: 2404072 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> >

> >

> > 7: Acta Virol. 1988 Jan;32(1):6-18.

> >

> > De novo initiation of specific cell-mediated immune

> responsiveness

> > in chickens by transfer factor (specific immunity inducer) obtained

> from

> > bovine colostrum and milk.

> >

> > GB, Poindexter C, Fort JD, Ludden KD. Amtron, Inc.,

> > ton, South Carolina.

> >

> > Transfer factors (TF) were prepared from colostrum and milk of

> > bovines previously immunized with antigens obtained from

> Coccidioides

> > immitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, or from the viral

> > agents responsible for avian Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis

> > disease or infectious bursal disease. The ability of bovine TF to

> > transfer specific cell-mediated immune responsiveness to a markedly

> > xenogenic species was studied using specific pathogen free (SPF) and

> > standard commercial (SC) chickens as model recipients. Cell-mediated

> > immune responsiveness was documented using one or more of the

> following

> > for each antigen (organism) studied: (a) an in vitro chicken

> leukocyte

> > (heterophil) migration inhibition assay; ( delayed-wattle

> reactivity;

> > or © protection from clinical disease. Chicken TFs obtained from

> > spleens of immune donors were evaluated in parallel to bovine TF's

> in

> > selected comparative studies. Bovine TF also referred to as specific

> > immunity inducer (SII), and chicken TF were found to initiate

> > antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity de novo in previously non-

> immune

> > SPF chickens as well as in SC chickens despite the presence of

> > maternally acquired humoral antibody which may serve as a " barrier "

> to

> > immunization of SC chickens when commercially available vaccines are

> > administered by parenteral routes. Bovine TF's specific for

> > laryngotracheitis virus or infectious bursal disease virus afforded

> > protection equal to that found for commercially available vaccines.

> > Bovine TF's action was rapid (less than a day) and of relatively

> long

> > duration at least 35 days.

> >

> > PMID: 2897772 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> >

> >

> > 8: Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1987 Sep;44(3):329-34.

> >

> > Treatment of cryptosporidiosis with oral bovine transfer

> factor.

> >

> > Louie E, Borkowsky W, Klesius PH, Haynes TB, Gordon S, Bonk S,

> > Lawrence HS.

> >

> > Cryptosporidia are intestinal protozoans long known to cause

> > diarrhea in humans, especially those with acquired immune deficiency

> > syndrome (AIDS). When transfer factor prepared from calves which

> > possessed delayed-type hypersensitivity to Eimeria bovis was given

> to

> > nonimmune calves and mice it conferred protection against clinical

> > infection (coccidiosis). Recent studies with oral bovine transfer

> factor

> > have shown that it can confer cell-mediated immunity to humans.

> Based on

> > these findings we decided to treat eight AIDS patients suffering

> from

> > Cryptosporidium-associated diarrhea with transfer factor prepared

> from

> > calves immune to Cryptosporidium. Prior to treatment with transfer

> > factor, three patients had been treated with spiramycin, one patient

> > with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), and one patient with

> > furazolidone for greater than 1 month without clinical or laboratory

> > improvement. Following administration of transfer factor, five or

> eight

> > patients exhibited a decrease in the number of bowel movements and

> the

> > development of formed stools. Cryptosporidium was eradicated from

> the

> > stools of four patients but two of these patients subsequently

> relapsed

> > and one patient continued to have diarrhea despite the absence of

> > Cryptosporidium in the stool. One patient has been free of diarrhea

> and

> > Cryptosporidium for 2 years after discontinuation of transfer factor

> > therapy.

> >

> > PMID: 3621678 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

> >

> >

> > 9: Cell Immunol. 1986 Jul;100(2):555-62.

> >

> > Specific transfer factor protects mice against lethal

> challenge with

> > herpes simplex virus.

> >

> > Viza D, Vich JM, J, Rosenfeld F, Davies DA.

> >

> > Bovine transfer factor (TFd) specific to herpes simplex virus

> (HSV)1

> > or to HSV2 was prepared by immunizing calves with the corresponding

> > virus. The TFd preparations were then injected into Swiss mice in an

> > attempt to protect them against a subsequent lethal challenge with

> HSV1

> > or HSV2 virus. It was thus shown that injection of anti-HSV TFd

> protects

> > the mice against the corresponding HSV virus, whereas the injection

> of a

> > nonspecific TFd (anti-CMV) fails to protect against a challenge with

> > HSV1. Furthermore, a dose-response effect was observed, since

> potent TFd

> > preparations were ineffective when they were used at one-fifth of

> the

> > original concentration. It seems, therefore, that animal models may

> be

> > used to assay the potency of TFd preparations specific for herpes

> > viruses.

> >

> > Publication Types: * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

> > PMID: 3019568 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> >

>